Chrysauginae
Encyclopedia
The Chrysauginae are a subfamily of snout moths (family
Pyralidae). They are primarily neotropical and include about 400 described species.
s (genera Cryptoses
, Bradypodicola and Bradypophila
). Adults of these species live in the fur of sloth
s, while the caterpillar
larvae feed on the sloth's dung. Other unusual Chrysauginae caterpillars have been found in Hymenoptera
nests and on the spines of caterpillars of the brush-footed butterfly genus Automeris
. But usually, their larvae feed on plants, boring into seed, fruits, stems and roots, or rolling and spinning leaves together to form a hideout.
While the adults are fairly nondescript, Chrysauginae larvae can usually be recognized unequivocally by the sclerotised ring around seta
SD1 of the metathorax
.
n genera were tentatively placed in this subfamily by Shaffer et al. in 1996, but study of the adults did not confirm this, and the larvae are unknown.
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Pyralidae). They are primarily neotropical and include about 400 described species.
Description and ecology
The subfamily includes the sloth mothSloth moth
Sloth moth is a generic term used to refer to coprophagous moths which have evolved to exclusively inhabit the fur of sloths and to use sloth dung as a substrate for the early stages of reproduction....
s (genera Cryptoses
Cryptoses
Cryptoses is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Dyar in 1908.-Species:* Cryptoses choloepi Dyar, 1908* Cryptoses rufipictus Bradley, 1982* Cryptoses waagei Bradley, 1982...
, Bradypodicola and Bradypophila
Bradypophila
Bradypophila is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Ihering, in 1914, and contains the species B. garbei. It is found in Brazil.The forewings are unicolorous dark ochreous.The larvae are associated with tree sloths....
). Adults of these species live in the fur of sloth
Sloth
Sloths are the six species of medium-sized mammals belonging to the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae , part of the order Pilosa and therefore related to armadillos and anteaters, which sport a similar set of specialized claws.They are arboreal residents of the jungles of Central and South...
s, while the caterpillar
Caterpillar
Caterpillars are the larval form of members of the order Lepidoptera . They are mostly herbivorous in food habit, although some species are insectivorous. Caterpillars are voracious feeders and many of them are considered to be pests in agriculture...
larvae feed on the sloth's dung. Other unusual Chrysauginae caterpillars have been found in Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees and ants. There are over 130,000 recognized species, with many more remaining to be described. The name refers to the heavy wings of the insects, and is derived from the Ancient Greek ὑμήν : membrane and...
nests and on the spines of caterpillars of the brush-footed butterfly genus Automeris
Automeris
Automeris is a genus of moths in the Saturniidae family, Hemileucinae subfamily.-List of species:-Adult description:This genus includes very colorful species usually with big eyespots and sexually dimorphic....
. But usually, their larvae feed on plants, boring into seed, fruits, stems and roots, or rolling and spinning leaves together to form a hideout.
While the adults are fairly nondescript, Chrysauginae larvae can usually be recognized unequivocally by the sclerotised ring around seta
Seta
Seta is a biological term derived from the Latin word for "bristle". It refers to a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms.-Animal setae:In zoology, most "setae" occur in invertebrates....
SD1 of the metathorax
Metathorax
The metathorax is the posterior of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the third pair of legs. Its principal sclerites are the metanotum , the metasternum , and the metapleuron on each side...
.
Systematics
A checklist of the Chrysauginae in the Western Hemsiphere was compiled by Solis et al. in 1995, but no phylogenetic analyses have been conducted. Four AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
n genera were tentatively placed in this subfamily by Shaffer et al. in 1996, but study of the adults did not confirm this, and the larvae are unknown.
- AbaeraAbaeraAbaera is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family.-Species:*Abaera aurofusalis Hampson, 1906*Abaera chalcea Hampson, 1897*Abaera flaviscida...
Walker, 1859 - AcallidiaAcallidiaAcallidia is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family....
Schaus, 1913 - AcallisAcallisAcallis is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family.-Species:*Acallis alticolalis *Acallis amblytalis *Acallis centralis Dyar, 1910*Acallis gripalis *Acallis xantippe...
Ragonot, 1891 - AcutiaAcutiaAcutia is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family....
Ragonot, 1891 - AdenopteryxAdenopteryxAdenopteryx is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family. It contains only one species, Adenopteryx conchyliatalis, which is found in Algeria....
Ragonot, 1891 - AhyalostictaAhyalostictaAhyalosticta is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family....
Amsel, 1956 - AnassodesAnassodesAnassodes is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Turner, in 1932, and contains the species A. mesozonalis. It is found in Australia, including the type location of Western Australia....
Turner, 1932 - AnemosaAnemosaAnemosa is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker, in 1859, and is known from Australia.-Species:* Anemosa exanthes * Anemosa isadasalis Walker, 1859...
Walker, 1859 (= Drymiarcha Meyrick, 1885) - AnemosellaAnemosellaAnemosella is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Dyar, in 1914.-Species:*Anemosella basalis Dyar, 1914*Anemosella nevalis *Anemosella obliquata...
Dyar, 1914 (= Balidarcha Dyar, 1914) - AnisothrixAnisothrix (moth)Anisothrix is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Ragonot, in 1891.-Species:*Anisothrix adustalis Ragonot, 1891*Anisothrix agamalis *Anisothrix grenadensis Schaus, 1904...
Ragonot, 1891 - ArbiniaArbiniaArbinia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Möschler, in 1881, and contains the species A. todilla. It is found in Surinam.The wingspan is about 45.8 mm....
Möschler, 1881 - Area Ragonot, 1891
- ArouvaArouvaArouva is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker, in 1864, and is known from Brazil.-Species:* Arouva albivitta * Arouva castanealis Hampson, 1906* Arouva mirificana Walker, 1864...
Walker, 1864 - ArtaArta (moth)Arta is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Grote, in 1875, and is known from Guatemala and the United States.-Species:* Arta bichordalis Ragonot, 1891* Arta calidalis* Arta encaustalis Ragonot, 1891* Arta epicoenalis...
Grote, 1875 (= Xantippides Dyar, 1908) - AzamoraAzamoraAzamora is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker, in 1858, and is known from Venezuela, Brazil, Surinam, and French Guinea.-Species:* Azamora bilinealis * Azamora corusca...
Walker, 1858 (= Amblyura Lederer, 1863, Arica Walker, 1863, Thylacophora Ragonot, 1891, Torda Walker, 1863) - BasacallisBasacallisBasacallis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Cashatt, in 1969, and contains the species B. tarachodes. It is found in Panama, Florida, Mississippi and South Carolina.The wingspan is 16-23 mm. The forewings are light grey....
Cashatt, 1969 - BisinusiaBisinusiaBisinusia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Amsel, in 1956, and contains the species B. palmipes. It is found in South America, including Amazonas and Venezuela....
Amsel, 1956 - BlepharocerusBlepharocerusBlepharocerus is a genus of snout moths. It was described by C. É. Blanchard, in 1852, and is known from Trinidad.-Species:* Blepharocerus chilensis Zeller, 1874* Blepharocerus ignitalis Hampson, 1906* Blepharocerus rosellus Blanchard, 1852...
C. É. Blanchard, 1852 (= Blepharocorus C. É. Blanchard, 1852) - BonchisBonchisBonchis is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker, in 1862, and is known from Trinidad and Brazil.-Species:* Bonchis glanysis Dyar, 1914* Bonchis lichfoldi * Bonchis munitalis...
Walker, 1862 (= Ethnistis Lederer, 1863, Gazaca Walker, 1866, Vurna Walker, 1866, Zarania Walker, 1866) - Bradypodicola Spuler, 1906
- BradypophilaBradypophilaBradypophila is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Ihering, in 1914, and contains the species B. garbei. It is found in Brazil.The forewings are unicolorous dark ochreous.The larvae are associated with tree sloths....
Ihering, 1914 - CallasopiaCallasopiaCallasopia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Möschler, in 1890, and contains the species C. rosealis. It is found in Puerto Rico....
Möschler, 1890 - CaphysCaphysCaphys is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker, in 1863, and contains the species C. biliniata.-Species:*Caphys arizonensis Munroe, 1970*Caphys bilineata *Caphys dubia Warren, 1891...
Walker, 1863 (= Euexippe Ragonot, 1891, Ugra Walker, 1863) - CappsiaCappsiaCappsia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Pastrana, in 1953, and contains the species C. bourquini. It is found in Argentina....
Pastrana, 1953 - CarchaCarchaCarcha is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker, in 1859, and is known from the Dominican Republic and Venezuela.-Species:* Carcha hersilialis Walker, 1859* Carcha undulatalis Amsel, 1956* Carcha violalis Hampson, 1897...
Walker, 1859 (= Coeloma Möschler, 1890) - CasuariaCasuariaCasuaria is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker in 1866, and is known from Brazil.-Species:* Casuaria armata Walker, 1866* Casuaria catocalis...
Walker, 1866 (= Saccopleura Ragonot, 1891) - CatadupaCatadupa (moth)Catadupa is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Walker in 1863, and contains the species C. integrana. It is found in Brazil....
Walker, 1863 - Chenevadia Dyar, 1914
- ChrysaugeChrysaugeChrysauge is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hübner, in 1823, and is known from Surinam.-Species:* Chrysauge bifasciata Walker, 1854* Chrysauge catenulata Warren, 1891* Chrysauge eutelia Druce, 1903...
Hübner, 1823 (= Candisa Walker, 1866) - ChrysophilaChrysophilaChrysophila is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hübner, in 1831.-Species:*Chrysophila auriscutalis *Chrysophila atridorsalis Chrysophila is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hübner, in 1831.-Species:*Chrysophila auriscutalis (Hübner, [1831])*Chrysophila atridorsalis Chrysophila...
Hübner, 1831 (= Eurypta Lederer, 1863) - ClydonopteronClydonopteronClydonopteron is a genus of snout moths. It was described by N.D. Riley, in 1880.-Species:*Clydonopteron sacculana *Clydonopteron tecomae Riley, 1880...
N. D. Riley, 1880 - CondylolomiaCondylolomiaCondylolomia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Grote in 1873.-Species:*Condylolomia metapachys Hampson, 1897*Condylolomia participalis Grote, 1873...
Grote, 1873 (= Cordylolomia Rye, 1875) - CraftsiaCraftsiaCraftsia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Dyar in 1914, and contains the species C. vaetta. It is found in Panama....
Dyar, 1914 - CromarchaCromarchaCromarcha is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Dyar, in 1914....
Dyar, 1914 - CryptosesCryptosesCryptoses is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Dyar in 1908.-Species:* Cryptoses choloepi Dyar, 1908* Cryptoses rufipictus Bradley, 1982* Cryptoses waagei Bradley, 1982...
Dyar, 1908 - Cyclidalis Hampson, 1906
- Cyclopalpia Hampson, 1897
- Dastira Walker, 1859
- Dasycnemia Ragonot, 1891 (= Hyalosticta Hampson, 1897, Potosa Capps, 1952)
- Deopteryx Dyar, 1914
- Derbeta Walker, 1866
- Diloxis Hampson, 1897
- Distortia Amsel, 1956
- Drepanodia Ragonot, 1892
- Eobrena Dyar, 1914
- Epidelia Ragonot, 1891
- Epiparachma Amsel, 1956
- Epitamyra Ragonot, 1891
- Erioptycha Ragonot, 1891
- Eupilocera Dognin, 1909
- Galasa Walker, 1866 (= Cordylopeza Zeller, 1873)
- Galasodes Amsel, 1956
- Gephyra Walker, 1859 (= Replicia Dyar, 1914)
- Gephyrella Dyar, 1914
- HednotodesHednotodesHednotodes is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family.-Species:*Hednotodes callichroa Lower, 1893*Hednotodes metaxantha...
Lower, 1893 (= Calliphlycta Hampson, 1918) - Heliades Ragonot, 1891
- Heterauge Hampson, 1906
- Holoperas Warren, 1891
- Humiphila Becker, 1974
- Hyperparachma Warren, 1891 (= Parachmopsis Amsel, 1956)
- Hypocosmia Ragonot, 1891
- Idnea Herrich-Schäffer, 1858 (= Auchoteles Zeller, 1877, Corybissa Walker, 1863, Uzeda Walker, 1863)
- Idneodes Ragonot, 1892
- Itambe Ragonot, 1892
- Lepidomys Guenée, 1852 (= Chalinitis Ragonot, 1891)
- Lophopleura Ragonot, 1891
- Lophopleuropsis Amsel, 1956
- Martiniodes Amsel, 1956
- Megacaphys Hampson, 1916
- Michaelshaffera Solis, 1998
- Microrca Amsel, 1956
- Microsauge Amsel, 1956
- Microzancla Hampson, 1897
- Mimetauge Munroe, 1970
- Monoloxis Hampson, 1897
- Murgisca Walker, 1863 (= Pachymorphus Möschler, 1890)
- Myolisa Dyar, 1914
- Nachaba Walker, 1859 (= Ascha Walker, 1864)
- Navura Schaus, 1913
- Negalasa Barnes & McDunnough, 1913
- Neocaphys Amsel, 1956
- Ocoba Dyar, 1914
- Ocresia Ragonot, 1891
- Oectoperodes Ragonot, 1892
- Oedmatodes Ragonot, 1892 (= Oedematodes Hampson, 1897)
- Ophias Ragonot, 1891
- Oryctopleura Ragonot, 1891
- Pachypalpia Hampson, 1895
- Pachypodistes Hampson, 1905 (= Conotambe Dyar, 1914)
- Parachma Walker, 1866 (= Artopsis Dyar, 1908, Perseistis Strand, 1921, Perseis Ragonot, 1891, Zazaca Walker, 1866)
- Paragalasa Cashatt, 1969
- Paramacna Warren, 1889 (= Acroppterygella Strand, 1917, Acropterygella Neave, 1939, Acropteryx Ragonot, 1891)
- ParasopiaParasopiaParasopia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. It contains only one species, Parasopia dissimilalis, which is found in Puerto Rico....
Möschler, 1890 - Paridnea Ragonot, 1892 (= Batia Walker, 1867)
- Passelgis Dyar, 1914
- Pelasgis Ragonot, 1891
- Penthesilea Ragonot, 1891
- Pionidia Hampson, 1897
- PlagerepnePlagerepnePlagerepne is a genus of moths of the Nolidae family. It has been listed as a genus in the Noctuidae and Pyralidae by other authors....
Tams, 1926 - Polloccia Dyar, 1910 (= Pollocia Neave, 1940)
- PolyterpnesPolyterpnesPolyterpnes is a genus of moths of the Pyralidae family....
Turner, 1932 - Protrichia Hampson, 1897
- Psectrodes Ragonot, 1891
- Pyrauge Hampson, 1906
- Pyraustodes Ragonot, 1891
- Quadrischistis Amsel, 1956
- Ramphidium Geyer in Hübner, 1837 (= Acrodegmia Ragonot, 1891)
- Rhynchotosale Hampson, 1916
- Rucuma Walker, 1863
- Salobrena Walker, 1863 (= Ballonicha Möschler, 1886, Oectoperia Zeller, 1875, Salobrana Fernald, 1902, Teucronoma Meyrick, 1936)
- Samcova Walker, 1863
- Sanguesa Walker, 1863
- Sarcistis Hampson, 1897
- Satole Dyar, 1908
- Schistoneura Ragonot, 1891
- Semnia Hübner, 1823 (= Acronolepia Westwood, 1835, Episemnia Ragonot, 1891)
- Speosia Schaus, 1913
- Sthenobaea Ragonot, 1891 (= Parabaera Dognin, 1904, Sthenauge Hampson, 1906)
- Streptopalpia Hampson, 1895
- Tamyra Herrich-Schäffer, 1858 (= Lametia Walker, 1859, Tamyrodes Ragonot, 1891)
- Tetraschistis Hampson, 1897
- Tharsanthes Meyrick, 1936
- Thermotesia Hampson, 1916
- Tippecoa Dyar, 1914
- Torotambe Dyar, 1914
- Tosale Walker, 1863 (= Fabatana Walker, 1866, Restidia Dyar, 1914, Siparocera Grote, 1875, Callocera Grote, 1875, Siparocera Robinson, 1876, Uliosoma Warren, 1891)
- Ungulopsis Amsel, 1956
- Voglia Amsel, 1956
- Xantippe Ragonot, 1891
- Zaboba Dyar, 1914
- Zamanna Dyar, 1914
- Zanclodes Ragonot, 1891