Château de Bagnolet, Paris
Encyclopedia
The Château de Bagnolet was a small château situated in the Paris suburb of Bagnolet
, France
, 5.2 km from the center of the city. The property was part of the biens de la maison d'Orléans
, private property of the House of Orléans
from 1719 till 1769.
, Countess of Soissons and Princess of Carignano after her marriage to Prince Thomas Francis of Savoy
. At her death in 1692, aged 86, the property was acquired by the fermier générale
, François Le Juge.
Monsieur Le Juge owned the property till 1719 when it was sold to the Regent of France
, Philippe d'Orléans on 12 March. He had been Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV
since 1715 at the death of Louis XIV
. A nephew of Louis XIV, he was the only surviving son of Philippe de France
.
The Régent
gave it to his wife, Françoise Marie de Bourbon
, daughter of Louis XIV
and Madame de Montespan
and thus Légitimée de France. The Duke of Orléans used the Palais-Royal in Paris as his main seat and as such was the centre of power during the Regency.
The Duchess of Orléans made it her favourite residence, it becoming her property when her husband gave it to her. Madame d'Orléans had the architect Claude Desgots (nephew of André Le Nôtre
) add to large wings to the building; she also had the park redesigned.
In the park she commissioned the construction of follies; one there comes in summer to take the expense while listening a concert while drinking tea...There were some four other construtcions: the wood House, the Gazebo, the Hermitage and the Orangerie. Only the Hermitage exists today. There was a formal French Parterre and a larger English garden
.
In 1734 the Dowager Duchess of Orléans let her daughter Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans stay at the château; the little girl had once been engaged to the future Charles III of Spain
; the couple, much in love never married, Philippine Élisabeth was sent back to Spain unmarried and ignored; she died at the château of smallpox
at the age of 19.
The Duchess was often at the château and when she died there in February 1749 aged 71, it became the property of her son Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, him being her heir by default. He rarely used the property retiring to the Abbaye Sainte-Geneviève de Paris in 1740 having become a religious fanatic after the death of his wife in 1726.
By 1759, the estate was a vast 200 acre (0.809372 km²). The château remained the property of the House of Orléans
till 1769. The only son
of Louis d'Orléans became the Duke of Orléans on 1752 at Louis d'Orléans' death. He sold the property and later acquired the larger Château du Raincy
from the marquis du Livry.
The château was destroyed in the 19the century and the land was sold off. Most of what made up the estate is now a residential estate.
and included frescoes by Anthony the Great
.
When completed, it was covered with a flat roof with a railing in the Italian style. It was later the property of Baron of Batz
who used it as a petite maison; during the revolution the building was used for secret meetings discussing the secret release of Louis XVI of France
; Batz's mistress was later executed for her involvement in the meetings.
In 1820, the house belonged to François Pomerel; he had the facade's engraved with his name; his son-in-law sold it to the Public Assistance in 1887.
It is since incorporated to the hospital Debrousse.
Bagnolet
Bagnolet is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. Its inhabitants are called Bagnoletais.-History:...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, 5.2 km from the center of the city. The property was part of the biens de la maison d'Orléans
Goods of the House of Orléans
Under the Ancien Régime, the goods of the House of Orléans comprised two distinct parts : the apanage and the "biens patrimoniaux".-The "apanage d'Orléans":...
, private property of the House of Orléans
House of Orleans
Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
from 1719 till 1769.
History
The original château was constructed in the 17th century by Marie de BourbonMarie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons
Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons was the wife of Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano.-Biography:Marie Marguerite de Bourbon was born at the Hôtel de Soissons in Paris, was the second daughter and youngest child of Charles de Bourbon, comte de Soissons and his wife Anne de Montafié...
, Countess of Soissons and Princess of Carignano after her marriage to Prince Thomas Francis of Savoy
Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano
Thomas Francis of Savoy was an Italian military commander, the founder of the Savoy-Carignano branch of the House of Savoy which reigned as kings of Sardinia from 1831 to 1861, and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the...
. At her death in 1692, aged 86, the property was acquired by the fermier générale
Ferme générale
The Ferme générale was, in ancien régime France, essentially an outsourced customs and excise operation which collected duties on behalf of the king, under six-year contracts...
, François Le Juge.
Monsieur Le Juge owned the property till 1719 when it was sold to the Regent of France
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Philippe d'Orléans was a member of the royal family of France and served as Regent of the Kingdom from 1715 to 1723. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth under the title of Duke of Chartres...
, Philippe d'Orléans on 12 March. He had been Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV
Louis XV of France
Louis XV was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death. He succeeded his great-grandfather at the age of five, his first cousin Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, served as Regent of the kingdom until Louis's majority in 1723...
since 1715 at the death of Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. A nephew of Louis XIV, he was the only surviving son of Philippe de France
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Philippe of France was the youngest son of Louis XIII of France and his queen consort Anne of Austria. His older brother was the famous Louis XIV, le roi soleil. Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston, Duke of Orléans...
.
The Régent
Régence
The Régence is the period in French history between 1715 and 1723, when King Louis XV was a minor and the land was governed by a Regent, Philippe d'Orléans, the nephew of Louis XIV of France....
gave it to his wife, Françoise Marie de Bourbon
Françoise-Marie de Bourbon
Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Légitimée de France was the youngest legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. Originally known as the second Mademoiselle de Blois, that style eventually gave way to the name Françoise Marie de...
, daughter of Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
and Madame de Montespan
Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan
Françoise Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, marquise of Montespan , better known as Madame de Montespan, was the most celebrated maîtresse en titre of King Louis XIV of France, by whom she had seven children....
and thus Légitimée de France. The Duke of Orléans used the Palais-Royal in Paris as his main seat and as such was the centre of power during the Regency.
The Duchess of Orléans made it her favourite residence, it becoming her property when her husband gave it to her. Madame d'Orléans had the architect Claude Desgots (nephew of André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre was a French landscape architect and the principal gardener of King Louis XIV of France...
) add to large wings to the building; she also had the park redesigned.
In the park she commissioned the construction of follies; one there comes in summer to take the expense while listening a concert while drinking tea...There were some four other construtcions: the wood House, the Gazebo, the Hermitage and the Orangerie. Only the Hermitage exists today. There was a formal French Parterre and a larger English garden
English garden
The English garden, also called English landscape park , is a style of Landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical Garden à la française of the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The...
.
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...
; the couple, much in love never married, Philippine Élisabeth was sent back to Spain unmarried and ignored; she died at the château of smallpox
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...
at the age of 19.
The Duchess was often at the château and when she died there in February 1749 aged 71, it became the property of her son Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, him being her heir by default. He rarely used the property retiring to the Abbaye Sainte-Geneviève de Paris in 1740 having become a religious fanatic after the death of his wife in 1726.
By 1759, the estate was a vast 200 acre (0.809372 km²). The château remained the property of the House of Orléans
House of Orleans
Orléans is the name used by several branches of the Royal House of France, all descended in the legitimate male line from the dynasty's founder, Hugh Capet. It became a tradition during France's ancien régime for the duchy of Orléans to be granted as an appanage to a younger son of the king...
till 1769. The only son
Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe d'Orléans known as le Gros , was a French nobleman, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the dynasty then ruling France. The First Prince of the Blood after 1752, he was the most senior male at the French court after the immediate royal family. He was the father of...
of Louis d'Orléans became the Duke of Orléans on 1752 at Louis d'Orléans' death. He sold the property and later acquired the larger Château du Raincy
Château du Raincy
The Château du Raincy was constructed between 1643 and 1650 by Jacques Bordier, indendant des finances, on the site of a Benedectine priory on the road from Paris to Meaux, in the present-day commune of Le Raincy in the Seine-Saint-Denis department of France.-The Château:Louis Le Vau was put in...
from the marquis du Livry.
The château was destroyed in the 19the century and the land was sold off. Most of what made up the estate is now a residential estate.
The Hermitage
The Hermitage is the only structure from the old estate to exist today; it can be found at 108 Rue de Bagnolet. The building was began in the summer of 1720 for the Duchess of Orléans by one Serin. The interior painting were carried out by Jean ValadeJean Valade
Jean Valade was a French painter.He was born in Poitiers. His great nephew was Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Chaussard....
and included frescoes by Anthony the Great
Anthony the Great
Anthony the Great or Antony the Great , , also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius , and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers...
.
When completed, it was covered with a flat roof with a railing in the Italian style. It was later the property of Baron of Batz
Jean, Baron de Batz
Jean Pierre de Batz, Baron de Sainte-Croix, known as the Baron de Batz, , was a French royalist and businessman...
who used it as a petite maison; during the revolution the building was used for secret meetings discussing the secret release of Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI of France
Louis XVI was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before being executed in 1793....
; Batz's mistress was later executed for her involvement in the meetings.
In 1820, the house belonged to François Pomerel; he had the facade's engraved with his name; his son-in-law sold it to the Public Assistance in 1887.
It is since incorporated to the hospital Debrousse.