Cinavia
Encyclopedia
Cinavia is a digital rights management
system created by Verance. It requires two parts to work: a proprietary imperceptible audio watermark
, and a piece of hardware which is able to detect that watermark. Known hardware which can detect Cinavia watermarks include the PlayStation 3
(began with v3.10 System Software), as well as newer Blu-ray players. Cinavia is not detected in a DTS audio stream on PS3 (Must have Optical Out (S/PDIF) or HDMI, w/DTS receiver).
of a watermark
recorded into the analog audio of media such as theatrical films and Blu-ray discs. Note that all copying is prevented, both pirate copies and legal copies of one's own content for example for format shifting
.
The watermark is able to survive recording through microphones (such as recording a film in a movie theater with a camcorder
), as well as compression and encoding
, yet still be imperceptible to human hearing. Verance claims that the presence of the watermark does not affect audio quality.
When media with the watermark is played back on a system with Cinavia detection, its firmware
will detect the watermark and check that the device on which it is being played is authorized for that watermark. If the device is not authorized (such as not being an authorized movie projector
in the case of a cam bootleg
, or not utilizing AACS
in the case of a copy
of a commercial Blu-ray disc or CSS
in the case of a copy of a commercial DVD
), a message is displayed (either immediately or after a set duration) stating that the media is not authorized for playback on the device and that users should visit the Cinavia web page for more information. Depending on the device and firmware, once the message is triggered, the audio may be muted, or playback may stop entirely.
Furthermore, the system "enables different copies of identical works to be distinguished". This would enable to track an (illegal) copy of a work back to its origin.
The data throughput for a watermarking system used for DVD-Audio
is described as follows "Watermark Output: 3 water-mark data bits per 15 seconds (2 CCI bits and 1 SDMI Trigger Bit)". Also in the Compliance Verification Suite the lowest sample rate test is at 16k samples/s with 16 bits per sample. This could indicate that the bandwidth requirements top out at 8 kHz.
2. Pioneer BDP-V6000
3. Denon DBP-1611UD
4. Marantz UD5005
5. NeoTV 550
6. LG BD570 Main Ver: BD8.31.288.C Servo Ver: H80591 (H08SAN)
7. LG BD550 – firmware H80591
LG BD560 BD.8.31.339.C firmware, some firmwares earlier than 300.C contained cinavia
LG BD570 BD.8.31.339.C firmware, some firmwares earlier than 300.C contained cinavia
Samsung BD-P1590 latest firmware v2.13 and older
Samsung BD-C5900-XAA firmware BSP-C6900WWB-1019.1 and older
Samsung BD-C6900 up until firmware version BSP-C6900WWB-1018.1
Sony BDP-S300 firmware v5.30 and older (unknown if v5.40 is protected)
Sony BDP-S301 firmware v5.30 and older (unknown if v5.40 is protected)
Sony BDP-S360 latest firmware 007 and older
Sony BDP-S370 firmware M03.R.315 and older
Sony BDP-S550 latest firmware 020 and older
Sony BDP-S560 latest firmware 007 and older
Sony BDP-S570 firmware M04.R.624 and older
Sony BDP-N460 firmware M02.R.123 and older
Sony BDP-CX960 firmware v013 and older
Oppo BDP-83 latest firmware and older
Oppo BDP-93 latest firmware and older
Panasonic DMP-BD85 - firmware v1.50 dated 03/08/2010 and older
Panasonic DMP-BDT350 - firmware v1.73 dated November 22, 2010 and older
Panasonic SC-BT230 firmware 1.50 and older
Philips BDP9600 firmware 1.53
Pioneer BDP-51FD and BDP-05FD firmware v1.70
Pioneer BDP-320 V3.70 firmware and older
Western Digital WD TV HD Media Player 1st Gen - model: WDAVN00 (latest FW v1.03.01 and older)
Western Digital WD TV HD Media Player 2nd Gen - model: WDBABF0000NBK-NESN (firmware 1.01.70 and older)
Western Digital WD TV Live HD Media Player 1st Gen - model: WDBAAN0000NBK (latest beta Firmware v1.03.35 and older)
Western Digital WD TV Live Plus HD Media Player 1st Gen - model: WDBABX0000NBK (latest Firmware v1.03.29 and older)
Vizio VBR100 firmware unknown
Cinavia was first introduced into the PlayStation 3 with the November 19, 2009 update of the system software to Version 3.10, as shown here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3_system_software - Cinavia is detected in Mic recorded Audio, AC3, Stereo, Dolby Digital tracks, but it cannot be detected in DTS audio tracks with PS3, while streaming from a computer. As of June 2011 (Update 3.66), certain streamed video tracks enabled with Cinavia have been recognized via pc-ps3 streaming; this would be the aforementioned audio types, except DTS.
2011
2011
2011
Digital rights management
Digital rights management is a class of access control technologies that are used by hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals with the intent to limit the use of digital content and devices after sale. DRM is any technology that inhibits uses of digital content that...
system created by Verance. It requires two parts to work: a proprietary imperceptible audio watermark
Steganography
Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity...
, and a piece of hardware which is able to detect that watermark. Known hardware which can detect Cinavia watermarks include the PlayStation 3
PlayStation 3
The is the third home video game console produced by Sony Computer Entertainment and the successor to the PlayStation 2 as part of the PlayStation series. The PlayStation 3 competes with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles...
(began with v3.10 System Software), as well as newer Blu-ray players. Cinavia is not detected in a DTS audio stream on PS3 (Must have Optical Out (S/PDIF) or HDMI, w/DTS receiver).
Overview
Cinavia works to prevent copying via the detectionAudio watermark detection
Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a signal in a way that is difficult to remove. If the signal is copied, then the information is also carried in the copy. A signal may carry several different watermarks at the same time...
of a watermark
Digital watermarking
Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal which may be used to verify its authenticity or the identity of its owners, in the same manner as paper bearing a watermark for visible identification. In digital watermarking, the signal may be audio, pictures, or...
recorded into the analog audio of media such as theatrical films and Blu-ray discs. Note that all copying is prevented, both pirate copies and legal copies of one's own content for example for format shifting
Format shifting
Format shifting is the conversion of media files into different formats. This may be required to play the media on different devices, for example when converting or ripping audio files on CDs into digital formats such as MP3...
.
The watermark is able to survive recording through microphones (such as recording a film in a movie theater with a camcorder
Cam (bootleg)
A cam is a bootleg recording of a film. Unlike the more common DVD rip or screener recording methods which involve the duplication of officially distributed media, cam versions are original clandestine recordings made in movie theaters.Typically, the person filming the movie will smuggle a compact...
), as well as compression and encoding
Audio codec
All codecs are devices or computer programs capable of coding or decoding a digital data stream or signal.The term audio codec has two meanings depending on the context:...
, yet still be imperceptible to human hearing. Verance claims that the presence of the watermark does not affect audio quality.
When media with the watermark is played back on a system with Cinavia detection, its firmware
Firmware
In electronic systems and computing, firmware is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather small, programs and/or data structures that internally control various electronic devices...
will detect the watermark and check that the device on which it is being played is authorized for that watermark. If the device is not authorized (such as not being an authorized movie projector
Movie projector
A movie projector is an opto-mechanical device for displaying moving pictures by projecting them on a projection screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sound devices, are present in movie cameras.-Physiology:...
in the case of a cam bootleg
Cam (bootleg)
A cam is a bootleg recording of a film. Unlike the more common DVD rip or screener recording methods which involve the duplication of officially distributed media, cam versions are original clandestine recordings made in movie theaters.Typically, the person filming the movie will smuggle a compact...
, or not utilizing AACS
Advanced Access Content System
The Advanced Access Content System is a standard for content distribution and digital rights management, intended to restrict access to and copying of the "next generation" of optical discs and DVDs. The specification was publicly released in April 2005 and the standard has been adopted as the...
in the case of a copy
DVD ripper
A DVD ripper is a software program that facilitates copying the content of a DVD to a hard disk drive. They are mainly used to transfer video on DVDs to different formats, to edit or back up DVD content, and to convert DVD video for playback on media players and mobile devices...
of a commercial Blu-ray disc or CSS
Content Scramble System
Content Scramble System is a Digital Rights Management and encryption system employed on almost all commercially produced DVD-Video discs. CSS utilizes a proprietary 40-bit stream cipher algorithm...
in the case of a copy of a commercial DVD
DVD
A DVD is an optical disc storage media format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions....
), a message is displayed (either immediately or after a set duration) stating that the media is not authorized for playback on the device and that users should visit the Cinavia web page for more information. Depending on the device and firmware, once the message is triggered, the audio may be muted, or playback may stop entirely.
Technical aspects
One channel of audio is sufficient to detect the mark: As stated above, the watermark would be able to survive re-recording through a microphone. Verance claims that "Verance audio watermarks can survive typical distortions introduced during the production, duplication, distribution, broadcast, and consumer handling of recorded content" this should include down mixing as well. Also in the white paper for their "DVD-Audio Detector Compliance Verification Suite" all tests are single channel files.Furthermore, the system "enables different copies of identical works to be distinguished". This would enable to track an (illegal) copy of a work back to its origin.
The data throughput for a watermarking system used for DVD-Audio
DVD-Audio
DVD-Audio is a digital format for delivering high-fidelity audio content on a DVD. DVD-Audio is not intended to be a video delivery format and is not the same as video DVDs containing concert films or music videos....
is described as follows "Watermark Output: 3 water-mark data bits per 15 seconds (2 CCI bits and 1 SDMI Trigger Bit)". Also in the Compliance Verification Suite the lowest sample rate test is at 16k samples/s with 16 bits per sample. This could indicate that the bandwidth requirements top out at 8 kHz.
List of known devices and players that contain Cinavia protection
1. PlayStation 3 (with firmware update version 3.10+)2. Pioneer BDP-V6000
3. Denon DBP-1611UD
4. Marantz UD5005
5. NeoTV 550
6. LG BD570 Main Ver: BD8.31.288.C Servo Ver: H80591 (H08SAN)
7. LG BD550 – firmware H80591
Bluray players/media players that DO NOT contain Cinavia
LG BD550 BD.8.31.339.C firmware, some firmwares earlier than 300.C contained cinaviaLG BD560 BD.8.31.339.C firmware, some firmwares earlier than 300.C contained cinavia
LG BD570 BD.8.31.339.C firmware, some firmwares earlier than 300.C contained cinavia
Samsung BD-P1590 latest firmware v2.13 and older
Samsung BD-C5900-XAA firmware BSP-C6900WWB-1019.1 and older
Samsung BD-C6900 up until firmware version BSP-C6900WWB-1018.1
Sony BDP-S300 firmware v5.30 and older (unknown if v5.40 is protected)
Sony BDP-S301 firmware v5.30 and older (unknown if v5.40 is protected)
Sony BDP-S360 latest firmware 007 and older
Sony BDP-S370 firmware M03.R.315 and older
Sony BDP-S550 latest firmware 020 and older
Sony BDP-S560 latest firmware 007 and older
Sony BDP-S570 firmware M04.R.624 and older
Sony BDP-N460 firmware M02.R.123 and older
Sony BDP-CX960 firmware v013 and older
Oppo BDP-83 latest firmware and older
Oppo BDP-93 latest firmware and older
Panasonic DMP-BD85 - firmware v1.50 dated 03/08/2010 and older
Panasonic DMP-BDT350 - firmware v1.73 dated November 22, 2010 and older
Panasonic SC-BT230 firmware 1.50 and older
Philips BDP9600 firmware 1.53
Pioneer BDP-51FD and BDP-05FD firmware v1.70
Pioneer BDP-320 V3.70 firmware and older
Western Digital WD TV HD Media Player 1st Gen - model: WDAVN00 (latest FW v1.03.01 and older)
Western Digital WD TV HD Media Player 2nd Gen - model: WDBABF0000NBK-NESN (firmware 1.01.70 and older)
Western Digital WD TV Live HD Media Player 1st Gen - model: WDBAAN0000NBK (latest beta Firmware v1.03.35 and older)
Western Digital WD TV Live Plus HD Media Player 1st Gen - model: WDBABX0000NBK (latest Firmware v1.03.29 and older)
Vizio VBR100 firmware unknown
History
On June 5, 2009, the licensing agreements for AACS were finalized, which were updated to make Cinavia detection on commercial Blu-ray disc players a requirement.Cinavia was first introduced into the PlayStation 3 with the November 19, 2009 update of the system software to Version 3.10, as shown here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3_system_software - Cinavia is detected in Mic recorded Audio, AC3, Stereo, Dolby Digital tracks, but it cannot be detected in DTS audio tracks with PS3, while streaming from a computer. As of June 2011 (Update 3.66), certain streamed video tracks enabled with Cinavia have been recognized via pc-ps3 streaming; this would be the aforementioned audio types, except DTS.
BD
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Telesync or Cam
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