Circle of friends (disability)
Encyclopedia
The Circle of Friends approach is a method designed to increase the socialization
and inclusion
of a disabled person with their peers. A Circle of Friends consists of a "focus" child, for whom the group was established, six to eight classroom peers, and an adult facilitator who meet once weekly to socialize and work on specific goals. Most available resources about the Circle of Friends approach are geared toward its use with school-aged children with various difficulties.
to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities and other difficulties in their local communities and in mainstream educational settings. In the past, it was more common for adults with disabilities to be confined to institutions, and for students with special educational needs to be educated in separate schools. The Circle of Friends approach coincides with a shift in societal attitudes toward inclusion of people with disabilities in mainstream settings. It is intended to promote healthy friendships and to create and reinforce positive social experiences.
Although it was developed in North America, Circle of Friends has been implemented and researched extensively in the United Kingdom in a variety of settings, and with children of varying ages and difficulties. The approach is often used for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) because they have trouble developing social and communication skills. In general, children with emotional, behavioral and social problems may benefit from the approach because they are often isolated and lack peer groups.
Adapted versions of Circle of Friends exist. One version differs from the original approach in that the focus child is not absent for the initial class meeting. Others have described Circle of Friends meetings taking place on a daily basis.
Socialization
Socialization is a term used by sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists and educationalists to refer to the process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies...
and inclusion
Inclusion (education)
Inclusion in education is an approach to educating students with special educational needs. Under the inclusion model, students with special needs spend most or all of their time with non-disabled students. Implementation of these practices varies...
of a disabled person with their peers. A Circle of Friends consists of a "focus" child, for whom the group was established, six to eight classroom peers, and an adult facilitator who meet once weekly to socialize and work on specific goals. Most available resources about the Circle of Friends approach are geared toward its use with school-aged children with various difficulties.
Background
Circle of Friends was originally developed in North AmericaNorth America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities and other difficulties in their local communities and in mainstream educational settings. In the past, it was more common for adults with disabilities to be confined to institutions, and for students with special educational needs to be educated in separate schools. The Circle of Friends approach coincides with a shift in societal attitudes toward inclusion of people with disabilities in mainstream settings. It is intended to promote healthy friendships and to create and reinforce positive social experiences.
Although it was developed in North America, Circle of Friends has been implemented and researched extensively in the United Kingdom in a variety of settings, and with children of varying ages and difficulties. The approach is often used for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) because they have trouble developing social and communication skills. In general, children with emotional, behavioral and social problems may benefit from the approach because they are often isolated and lack peer groups.
Structure
In the educational setting, general guidelines exist for establishing a Circle of Friends.- Establishment of prerequisites: Before starting a Circle of Friends, it is necessary to ensure the cooperation and collaboration of school personnel (e.g. principals, teacher) and obtain consent from the focus child’s parents or caregivers.
- Class discussion to set up the Circle of Friends: The next step is to meet with the focus child’s class. The focus child consents to this meeting but does not attend so that class members feel comfortable sharing information. The class discussion is meant to introduce the idea of a Circle of Friends. Students are encouraged to think about the benefits of friendship and consider the barriers to friendship the focus child encounters, and also empathize and share their own experiences with friendship. The focus child’s strengths and difficulties are discussed, and links between the focus child’s behavior and problems with peer relationships are made. Making these links is an important first step in problem solving solutions. At the close of the meeting, six to eight volunteers are sought to take part in the Circle of Friends.
- Initial meeting of the Circle of Friends: At the initial Circle of Friends meeting, details of the class discussion are summarized for the focus child. Ground rules for the group are then set (i.e. confidentiality, listening, seeking adult help when needed), as well as a schedule for meetings.
- Weekly meetings of the Circle of Friends: At weekly meetings, classmates play an important role in helping the focus child set and reach goals. Some research suggests that all children involved in the Circle of Friends benefit from the experience and not just the focus child.
Adapted versions of Circle of Friends exist. One version differs from the original approach in that the focus child is not absent for the initial class meeting. Others have described Circle of Friends meetings taking place on a daily basis.