Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988
Encyclopedia
The Civil Rights Restoration Act was a U.S. legislative act which specified that recipients of federal funds must comply with civil rights laws in all areas, not just in the particular program or activity that received federal funding. This Act, also known as the Grove City Bill, was first passed by the House in June 1984 (375-32), but failed to pass in either chamber after divisions occurred within the civil rights coalition over the issue of abortion
. In January 1988, the Senate accepted an amendment by Senator John Danforth
(R-MO) which added 'abortion-neutral' language to the Bill, a move that was opposed by the National Organization for Women
but which resulted in passage of the bill in both houses. Although President Ronald Reagan
vetoed the Bill, as he had promised to do, Congress overrode the President's veto by 73-24 in the Senate and 292-133 in the House. The passage of this bill thus overturned the Supreme Court's 1984 decision in Grove City v. Bell. It applies to Title IX
of the Education Amendments of 1972, the 1973 Rehabilitation Act
, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
.
Abortion
Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced...
. In January 1988, the Senate accepted an amendment by Senator John Danforth
John Danforth
John Claggett "Jack" Danforth is a former United States Ambassador to the United Nations and former Republican United States Senator from Missouri. He is an ordained Episcopal priest. Danforth is married to Sally D. Danforth and has five adult children.-Education and early career:Danforth was born...
(R-MO) which added 'abortion-neutral' language to the Bill, a move that was opposed by the National Organization for Women
National Organization for Women
The National Organization for Women is the largest feminist organization in the United States. It was founded in 1966 and has a membership of 500,000 contributing members. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S...
but which resulted in passage of the bill in both houses. Although President Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....
vetoed the Bill, as he had promised to do, Congress overrode the President's veto by 73-24 in the Senate and 292-133 in the House. The passage of this bill thus overturned the Supreme Court's 1984 decision in Grove City v. Bell. It applies to Title IX
Title IX
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a United States law, enacted on June 23, 1972, that amended Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 2002 it was renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, in honor of its principal author Congresswoman Mink, but is most...
of the Education Amendments of 1972, the 1973 Rehabilitation Act
1973 Rehabilitation Act
The U.S. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by Federal agencies, in programs receiving Federal financial assistance, in Federal employment, and in the employment practices of Federal contractors...
, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation...
, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Pub. L. No. 90-202Code, through , forbids employment discrimination against anyone at least 40 years of age in the United States .-Scope of Protection:...
.
Further reading
- Hugh Davis Graham, 'The Storm Over Grove City College: Civil Rights Regulation, Higher Education, and the Reagan Administration.' History of Education Quarterly 38 (2) (Winter 1998): 407-29.