Class 1 World Powerboat Championship
Encyclopedia
Class 1, referred to officially as the UIM Class 1 World Powerboat Championship, is widely regarded as the pinnacle of international offshore powerboat racing, and is officially sanctioned by the Monaco based Union Internationale Motonautique
(UIM), the world governing body of powerboating. Class 1 races run under a set of rules which are agreed by the Offshore Professional Committee (OPC), which are ratified and issued by the UIM, and by which all teams, participants and raceboats must comply.
A Class 1 season consists of a series Grands Prix, made up of three official practice sessions, one official qualifying session which is also known as Pole Position and two races. The results of each race are combined to determine the winner of the World Championship
, the European Championship and the Middle East Championship are defined by specific events in those geographic regions.
The results in official qualifying determine the winner of the Pole Position Championship. Eight races at four Grand Prix make up the 2011 calendar with races in Abu Dhabi
, Norway
, Italy
and Dubai
. Class 1 race circuits are run on a variety of different waters from offshore open water to Fjords and lakes. Twenty two drivers from Italy
, Monaco
, Norway
, Qatar
, San Marino
, Turkey
, UAE, UK and the USA, nine teams and 11 boats will contest the 2011 Championships.
Class 1 is considered one of the most spectacular motorsports in the world. A Class 1 raceboat is twin-engined and can reach speeds in excess of 257 km/h (160 mph), with V12 engines limited in performance to 850 hp at 7600 rpm and V8 engines limited in performance to 850 hp at 6100 rpm. All boats are limited by a minimum weight of 4950 kg.
Whilst a Class 1 raceboat is highly technical and state-of-the-art, and its overall performance is dependent on design, aero and hydro dynamics, choice of propeller and gear ratio selection, the relationship between driver and throttleman, who navigate and control the power, must provide direct input to adjust trim and drive settings during a race or official qualifying, is ultimately the defining factor and crucial to performance.
The sport of powerboat racing has undergone unprecedented change since early records of a race in 1887 in Nice
, France
, organised by the Paris Sailing Club. The French also claimed the next two recorded races in 1903, a 62-mile race in Meulan on the River Seine organised by the Poissy Sailing Club and a 230-mile race from Paris
to Trouville. But the first officially recognised international offshore powerboat race was a 22-mile event from Calais
, France
to Dover
, England
.
But the modern-era of offshore powerboat racing was kick-started on 6 May 1956 with the first running of the famous Miami-Nassau race, which would ultimately lead to the introduction of the Sam Griffith Memorial Trophy and a UIM sanctioned World Championship
in 1964. From 1964 to 1976 the winner of the World Championship
was decided by points gained from multiple races held at venues around the world. From 1977 to 1991 the winner was decided by series of races at a single event at the end of the year. The World Championship
reverted back to a multi-event format in 1992.
H2O Racing is a sport’s management company set up by Nicolò di San Germano to promote and organise World Championship
events in powerboating.
The company was launched in January 2011 and brings together a group of professionals with over 30 years of experience in sport’s and event management to collectively manage all commercial and marketing activities across four Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM) sanctioned properties; the F1H2O and Class 1 World Powerboat Championships, the Aquabike and Rally Jet World Championships and the inaugural F1H2O Nations Cup.
President: Nicolò di San Germano
The first Miami-Nassau race, run on 6 May, 1956 was the brainchild of American race car promoter Capt. Sherman ‘Red’ Crise and yacht designer, "Dick" Richard Bertram
. Of the eleven intrepid pioneers who entered this now famous 184-mile race, eight went the distance to complete the race. The first boat home after nine hours 20 minutes, at an average speed of 19.7 mph, was the Griffith-Bertram entry, Doodles II, a 34 ft wooden Chris Craft
with two 215 hp Cadillac Crusader engines.
Griffith was a larger than life character who made the sport his own in those early years. He was regarded as ‘the man’ and before his untimely death in 1963 he would win four Miami-Nassau races, break Gar Wood’s 41-year-old Miami-New York powerboat record and capture the Around Long Island Marathon. Many have since sought to emulate his skills and when Class 1 came of age in 1964 with a UIM sanctioned World Drivers’ Championship it was his name that was selected to adorn the trophy that is today the sport’s biggest prize.
During the 1950s the Americans had the sport to themselves laying claim to the three major offshore races in existence, the Miami-Nassau, the Around Long Island Marathon and the Miami-Key West. But in the early 60s Europe entered the fray to challenge the Americans. Publisher Sir Max Aitken, inspired by the Miami-Nassau, established the Cowes-Torquay on August 19, 1961, with victory in the inaugural 179-mile race going to Tommy Sopwith in Thunderbolt.
A year later the Italians added their challenge with the staging of the 198-mile Viareggio-Bastia-Viareggio, which was won by an Italian ex-navy submarine commander, Attilio Petroni, in A’ Speranziella. Over the next thirty years an enduring struggle ensued between the three founding nations for racing supremacy.
In the 20 years following its recognition by the Union Internationale Motonautique
(UIM) and the inception of the Sam Griffith Trophy in 1964 the Americans were at the forefront of the sport’s technological development.
Jim Wynne, Dick Bertram and Don Aronow led the way with the Daytona, Mercuiser and Aeromarine powerplants reigning supreme. During this period the Americans posted thirteen champions and the Italians just six. The lone exception was Wally Franz, a Brazilian who lifted the title in 1975, but he succeeded with an American boat, engine, transmission and throttleman! Indeed, it was not until Italy’s Francesco Cosentino took the 1978 title in a boat designed by Don Shead and built on the Mediterranean at Viareggio
, the spiritual home of Italian offshore powerboat racing, that a Class 1 World Champion won the title in equipment not of American origin, nor assembled and tended by American engineers.
In the 1980s the pendulum swung to witness a period of European design dominance. Don Shead’s Aluminium monohulls from Enfield, Italian manufacturers Picchiotti and CUV and the James Beard
- Clive Curtis Cougar catamarans set the pace. The European resurgence was completed by the genius of Fabio Buzzi, whose quantum leap into Glass Reinforced Polymer (GRP) hulls, turbo-charged Aifo Iveco and Seatek diesel engines, and integral surface drive transmissions through his FB Corse concern proved unbeatable.
The decade of the 90s witnessed the emergence of the Michael Peters-designed, Tencara and Victory built hulls that dominated the honors lists with the American Sterling, the Italian Lamborghini petrol and the Seatek diesel engines sharing the power battle.
In 1992 the Championship reverted to a multi-event competition and more importantly in the following years the diversity of nationalities claiming the World Drivers’ Championship swelled in numbers including America
, England
, Italy
, Monaco
, Norway
, Saudi Arabia
and the UAE.
Thirty three titles have been won by Americans, 19 by Italians, 15 by competitors from the UAE, eight by a Briton, six by Norwegians, two by competitors from Monaco
and Puerto Rico
and one each by representatives from Brazil
, Finland
and Saudi Arabia
. Five champions have taken their titles as novices in their first season in Class 1 racing and only four driver/throttleman partnerships have managed back-to-back titles, Bonomi/Powers in 1973/4, S Al Tayer/Serralles in 1995/6, Gjelsten/Curtis in 2002/3 and Al Zafeen/Bin Hendi in 2009/2010.
Gjelsten and Curtis are the only partnership to win the title five times - including the hat-trick 2002, 3, 4 - and Steve Curtis the only man to clinch the world title eight times. Nadir Bin Hendi is the only other racer to win a hat-trick of World titles. The world title was not awarded in 1990, as a mark of respect for Stefano Casiraghi
who died whilst defending his title in Monaco
.
Twenty-three titles have been won in monohulls and 24 in catamarans. Of these winning boats, 35 have been built in GRP, eight in aluminium and four in wood. Petrol engines have powered 40 winners and diesels the remaining seven.
Three early titles went to boats using conventional propeller shafts but the more efficient, fully trimable Mercruiser stern drives have accounted for twenty titles while the more recently introduced surface drives make up the remainder.
Propeller design has seen the early three-bladed bronze wheels superseded by stainless steel props of up to six blades for maximum efficiency and a top team might carry twelve pairs of props of differing pitches and diameters to accommodate differing sea conditions, fuel loads and handling characteristics.
Speeds have altered beyond all recognition. In the early 1960s, races were regularly won at averages of below 30 mph (48 km/h) but it was the advent of catamarans in the 1980s that allowed the magic barrier of 100 mph (160 km/h) to be regularly exceeded and now, winning averages of 125 mph (200 km/h) or more are not unusual.
This quest for speed has produced boats, engines and transmission systems which are inevitably more sophisticated and the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymer
(FRP) with advanced composites using Kevlar
and carbon fibre has made them safer.
The crews of yesteryear stood up to the elements as they struggled with navigation, throttles and the wheel, taking a battering from the elements with little protection. Today’s drivers and throttlemen enjoy the advantages of being strapped securely into body-hugging race seats within safety cells beneath lexan canopies borrowed from the aerospace industry, whilst monitoring their progress on equally advanced Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
.
Yesterday’s racers were amateur sportsmen and women, pioneers who looked the part. Today’s crews wear fireproof overalls, driving boots, have helmets plumbed with intercommunicating radios and compete in boats that only go afloat to test or race and are prepared and maintained by a crew of professional engineers.
It brings together the latest in million-dollar, state-of-the-art technology, an array of spectacular venues from China and South America to the steel-blue waters of Scandinavia, the lakes of southern Europe and the golden sands of the Persian Gulf
, and an international group of teams and racers who remain a breed apart in professional sport.
A Grand Prix weekend is a three-day extravaganza where top-flight international motorsport, spectacular venues and world-class entertainment come together to create a unique experience.
Over the years, safety has become a key concern and today’s Class 1 boats are the safest they have ever been. The quest for speed has produced boats, engines and transmission systems which are inevitably more sophisticated, and the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymer(FRP) with advanced composites using kevlar
and carbon fibre has made them safer.
Manufacturers Maritimo, MTI, Outerlimits, Tencara and Victory make up the fleet. All boats run petrol engines - Lamborghini-SKEMA or SCAM 8.2litre V12s, Mercury or Outerlimits V8, with the Victory Team running the Victory 8.2litre V12.
Inside the cockpit, satellite GPS systems, trim indicators, engine data dashboards and instrument panels and warning lights keep the crew aware of the boat’s progress during a race.
The cockpit is reinforced to withstand enormous impacts that may occur if a boat crashes at speeds in excess of 150 mph, with an escape hatch in the hull as an added safety feature in the event of an accident.
It is a combination that requires total trust – imagine driving a car and the person beside you has control of the accelerator – and a close working relationship. People often believe that the crew, simply jump into the cockpit, and it’s the guys who drive quickest that can win.
A simple enough theory, but one that doesn’t take into account, the skills and professionalism of pilots who regularly hurtle across the waves at over 160 mph/250kmh.
Both pilots work closely with their pit crews to determine the race set-up: the type of propeller required for the conditions, gear ratio settings’, the amount of fuel needed and race tactics. Propeller choice is critical and can win or lose not only a race, but also a championship.
Propeller design has seen the early three-bladed bronze wheels superseded by stainless steel cast or forged props with five or six blades for maximum efficiency, with teams limited to carry three pairs of props of differing pitches and diameters to accommodate differing sea conditions, fuel loads and handling characteristics.
The World Championship
is awarded to the team with the most accumulated points throughout the season. A winning crew collects 20 points, the runners-up 15, with the third-placed team awarded 12 points.
Other positions are awarded points on a sliding scale (9, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) to the tenth-placed finisher. Bonus points are also awarded - one point per engine – for running the same engines in race 2 for two consecutive Grand Prix.
A Grand Prix weekend is run over three days, with registration, technical scrutineering and the first practice session and driver briefings taking place on day one.
On day two a practice session is run in the morning, followed immediately by the Edox Pole Position (qualifying), also counting as a separate championship, and Race 1 in the afternoon.
The Edox Pole Position, like the practice sessions, is run over the Grand Prix course, giving the crews a further opportunity to familiarise themselves with circuits and conditions, and to decide on set-up. It acts as the qualifier for the line-up for Race 1, with the Pole-sitter (fastest time) lining-up closest to the official start boat. The Edox Pole Position lasts for 45 minutes, with teams having to complete a minimum of one timed lap and allowed to return to the wet pits to make adjustments to set-up, but limited to a total of 10 minutes under the crane.
On day three, a final practice session in the morning is followed in the afternoon by Race 2. Each race is started by a Nor-Tech 3600 supercat official pace boat, running at a controlled speed, which lead the boats from the wet pits and into a line-abreast under a yellow flag or amber flashing light, a green flag denoting the race start, with the finishing order of the Edox Pole Position dictating the line-up of the boats for Race 1 and the finishing order of Race 1, the start order for Race 2.
Each race consists of approximately 11-15 laps and is 55-75 Nm in length, including one or two mandatory long laps.
Union Internationale Motonautique
The Union Internationale Motonautique is the international governing body of powerboating, based in the Principality of Monaco. It was founded in 1922, in Belgium, as the Union Internationale du Yachting Automobile....
(UIM), the world governing body of powerboating. Class 1 races run under a set of rules which are agreed by the Offshore Professional Committee (OPC), which are ratified and issued by the UIM, and by which all teams, participants and raceboats must comply.
A Class 1 season consists of a series Grands Prix, made up of three official practice sessions, one official qualifying session which is also known as Pole Position and two races. The results of each race are combined to determine the winner of the World Championship
World championship
A world championship is the top achievement for any sport or contest. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best nation, team, individual in the world in a particular field. Certain sports do not have a world championship, instead...
, the European Championship and the Middle East Championship are defined by specific events in those geographic regions.
The results in official qualifying determine the winner of the Pole Position Championship. Eight races at four Grand Prix make up the 2011 calendar with races in Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi , literally Father of Gazelle, is the capital and the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates in terms of population and the largest of the seven member emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Dubai
Dubai
Dubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi...
. Class 1 race circuits are run on a variety of different waters from offshore open water to Fjords and lakes. Twenty two drivers from Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Monaco
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, Qatar
Qatar
Qatar , also known as the State of Qatar or locally Dawlat Qaṭar, is a sovereign Arab state, located in the Middle East, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its...
, San Marino
San Marino
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino , is a state situated on the Italian Peninsula on the eastern side of the Apennine Mountains. It is an enclave surrounded by Italy. Its size is just over with an estimated population of over 30,000. Its capital is the City of San Marino...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, UAE, UK and the USA, nine teams and 11 boats will contest the 2011 Championships.
Class 1 is considered one of the most spectacular motorsports in the world. A Class 1 raceboat is twin-engined and can reach speeds in excess of 257 km/h (160 mph), with V12 engines limited in performance to 850 hp at 7600 rpm and V8 engines limited in performance to 850 hp at 6100 rpm. All boats are limited by a minimum weight of 4950 kg.
Whilst a Class 1 raceboat is highly technical and state-of-the-art, and its overall performance is dependent on design, aero and hydro dynamics, choice of propeller and gear ratio selection, the relationship between driver and throttleman, who navigate and control the power, must provide direct input to adjust trim and drive settings during a race or official qualifying, is ultimately the defining factor and crucial to performance.
The sport of powerboat racing has undergone unprecedented change since early records of a race in 1887 in Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, organised by the Paris Sailing Club. The French also claimed the next two recorded races in 1903, a 62-mile race in Meulan on the River Seine organised by the Poissy Sailing Club and a 230-mile race from Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
to Trouville. But the first officially recognised international offshore powerboat race was a 22-mile event from Calais
Calais
Calais is a town in Northern France in the department of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
to Dover
Dover
Dover is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England. It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel, and lies south-east of Canterbury; east of Kent's administrative capital Maidstone; and north-east along the coastline from Dungeness and Hastings...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
But the modern-era of offshore powerboat racing was kick-started on 6 May 1956 with the first running of the famous Miami-Nassau race, which would ultimately lead to the introduction of the Sam Griffith Memorial Trophy and a UIM sanctioned World Championship
World championship
A world championship is the top achievement for any sport or contest. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best nation, team, individual in the world in a particular field. Certain sports do not have a world championship, instead...
in 1964. From 1964 to 1976 the winner of the World Championship
World championship
A world championship is the top achievement for any sport or contest. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best nation, team, individual in the world in a particular field. Certain sports do not have a world championship, instead...
was decided by points gained from multiple races held at venues around the world. From 1977 to 1991 the winner was decided by series of races at a single event at the end of the year. The World Championship
World championship
A world championship is the top achievement for any sport or contest. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best nation, team, individual in the world in a particular field. Certain sports do not have a world championship, instead...
reverted back to a multi-event format in 1992.
Promoter
H2O Racing is the officially sanctioned promoter and worldwide television and commercial rights holder of the UIM Class 1 World Powerboat Championship.H2O Racing is a sport’s management company set up by Nicolò di San Germano to promote and organise World Championship
World championship
A world championship is the top achievement for any sport or contest. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best nation, team, individual in the world in a particular field. Certain sports do not have a world championship, instead...
events in powerboating.
The company was launched in January 2011 and brings together a group of professionals with over 30 years of experience in sport’s and event management to collectively manage all commercial and marketing activities across four Union Internationale Motonautique (UIM) sanctioned properties; the F1H2O and Class 1 World Powerboat Championships, the Aquabike and Rally Jet World Championships and the inaugural F1H2O Nations Cup.
President: Nicolò di San Germano
History
The fabled Miami-Nassau races were hailed as the ‘the world’s most rugged ocean races’ and brought powerboat racing to the attention of the general public and signaled the beginning of modern offshore racing. These races also provided the sport with its first hero – Sam L. Griffith.The first Miami-Nassau race, run on 6 May, 1956 was the brainchild of American race car promoter Capt. Sherman ‘Red’ Crise and yacht designer, "Dick" Richard Bertram
Richard bertram
Richard Howard "Dick" Bertram was a champion sailor on powerboats and racing yachts and a leading boat builder and broker.. Born in East Orange, New Jersey, Bertram learned to sail at a young age with his parents on the waters of Barnegat Bay...
. Of the eleven intrepid pioneers who entered this now famous 184-mile race, eight went the distance to complete the race. The first boat home after nine hours 20 minutes, at an average speed of 19.7 mph, was the Griffith-Bertram entry, Doodles II, a 34 ft wooden Chris Craft
Chris Craft
Chris Craft may refer to:* Chris-Craft, current corporation manufacturing Chris-Craft boats* Chris-Craft Boats, historical company purchased by NAFI * Chris-Craft Industries, congolerate and American boat manufacturer...
with two 215 hp Cadillac Crusader engines.
Griffith was a larger than life character who made the sport his own in those early years. He was regarded as ‘the man’ and before his untimely death in 1963 he would win four Miami-Nassau races, break Gar Wood’s 41-year-old Miami-New York powerboat record and capture the Around Long Island Marathon. Many have since sought to emulate his skills and when Class 1 came of age in 1964 with a UIM sanctioned World Drivers’ Championship it was his name that was selected to adorn the trophy that is today the sport’s biggest prize.
During the 1950s the Americans had the sport to themselves laying claim to the three major offshore races in existence, the Miami-Nassau, the Around Long Island Marathon and the Miami-Key West. But in the early 60s Europe entered the fray to challenge the Americans. Publisher Sir Max Aitken, inspired by the Miami-Nassau, established the Cowes-Torquay on August 19, 1961, with victory in the inaugural 179-mile race going to Tommy Sopwith in Thunderbolt.
A year later the Italians added their challenge with the staging of the 198-mile Viareggio-Bastia-Viareggio, which was won by an Italian ex-navy submarine commander, Attilio Petroni, in A’ Speranziella. Over the next thirty years an enduring struggle ensued between the three founding nations for racing supremacy.
In the 20 years following its recognition by the Union Internationale Motonautique
Union Internationale Motonautique
The Union Internationale Motonautique is the international governing body of powerboating, based in the Principality of Monaco. It was founded in 1922, in Belgium, as the Union Internationale du Yachting Automobile....
(UIM) and the inception of the Sam Griffith Trophy in 1964 the Americans were at the forefront of the sport’s technological development.
Jim Wynne, Dick Bertram and Don Aronow led the way with the Daytona, Mercuiser and Aeromarine powerplants reigning supreme. During this period the Americans posted thirteen champions and the Italians just six. The lone exception was Wally Franz, a Brazilian who lifted the title in 1975, but he succeeded with an American boat, engine, transmission and throttleman! Indeed, it was not until Italy’s Francesco Cosentino took the 1978 title in a boat designed by Don Shead and built on the Mediterranean at Viareggio
Viareggio
Viareggio is a city and comune located in northern Tuscany, Italy, on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. With a population of over 64,000 it is the main centre of the northern Tuscan Riviera known as Versilia, and the second largest city within the Province of Lucca.It is known as a seaside resort...
, the spiritual home of Italian offshore powerboat racing, that a Class 1 World Champion won the title in equipment not of American origin, nor assembled and tended by American engineers.
In the 1980s the pendulum swung to witness a period of European design dominance. Don Shead’s Aluminium monohulls from Enfield, Italian manufacturers Picchiotti and CUV and the James Beard
James Beard
James Andrew Beard was an American chef and food writer. The central figure in the story of the establishment of a gourmet American food identity, Beard was an eccentric personality who brought French cooking to the American middle and upper classes in the 1950s...
- Clive Curtis Cougar catamarans set the pace. The European resurgence was completed by the genius of Fabio Buzzi, whose quantum leap into Glass Reinforced Polymer (GRP) hulls, turbo-charged Aifo Iveco and Seatek diesel engines, and integral surface drive transmissions through his FB Corse concern proved unbeatable.
The decade of the 90s witnessed the emergence of the Michael Peters-designed, Tencara and Victory built hulls that dominated the honors lists with the American Sterling, the Italian Lamborghini petrol and the Seatek diesel engines sharing the power battle.
In 1992 the Championship reverted to a multi-event competition and more importantly in the following years the diversity of nationalities claiming the World Drivers’ Championship swelled in numbers including America
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Monaco
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
and the UAE.
Thirty three titles have been won by Americans, 19 by Italians, 15 by competitors from the UAE, eight by a Briton, six by Norwegians, two by competitors from Monaco
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
and Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
and one each by representatives from Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
and Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...
. Five champions have taken their titles as novices in their first season in Class 1 racing and only four driver/throttleman partnerships have managed back-to-back titles, Bonomi/Powers in 1973/4, S Al Tayer/Serralles in 1995/6, Gjelsten/Curtis in 2002/3 and Al Zafeen/Bin Hendi in 2009/2010.
Gjelsten and Curtis are the only partnership to win the title five times - including the hat-trick 2002, 3, 4 - and Steve Curtis the only man to clinch the world title eight times. Nadir Bin Hendi is the only other racer to win a hat-trick of World titles. The world title was not awarded in 1990, as a mark of respect for Stefano Casiraghi
Stefano Casiraghi
Stefano Casiraghi was an Italian sportsman, heir, socialite and businessman. He was the son of Giancarlo Casiraghi and wife Fernanda Palici, and became the second husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco.-Early life:...
who died whilst defending his title in Monaco
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
.
Twenty-three titles have been won in monohulls and 24 in catamarans. Of these winning boats, 35 have been built in GRP, eight in aluminium and four in wood. Petrol engines have powered 40 winners and diesels the remaining seven.
Three early titles went to boats using conventional propeller shafts but the more efficient, fully trimable Mercruiser stern drives have accounted for twenty titles while the more recently introduced surface drives make up the remainder.
Propeller design has seen the early three-bladed bronze wheels superseded by stainless steel props of up to six blades for maximum efficiency and a top team might carry twelve pairs of props of differing pitches and diameters to accommodate differing sea conditions, fuel loads and handling characteristics.
Speeds have altered beyond all recognition. In the early 1960s, races were regularly won at averages of below 30 mph (48 km/h) but it was the advent of catamarans in the 1980s that allowed the magic barrier of 100 mph (160 km/h) to be regularly exceeded and now, winning averages of 125 mph (200 km/h) or more are not unusual.
This quest for speed has produced boats, engines and transmission systems which are inevitably more sophisticated and the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Fibre-reinforced plastic
Fibre-reinforced plastic is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. The fibres are usually fibreglass, carbon, or aramid, while the polymer is usually an epoxy, vinylester or polyester thermosetting plastic...
(FRP) with advanced composites using Kevlar
Kevlar
Kevlar is the registered trademark for a para-aramid synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed at DuPont in 1965, this high strength material was first commercially used in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires...
and carbon fibre has made them safer.
The crews of yesteryear stood up to the elements as they struggled with navigation, throttles and the wheel, taking a battering from the elements with little protection. Today’s drivers and throttlemen enjoy the advantages of being strapped securely into body-hugging race seats within safety cells beneath lexan canopies borrowed from the aerospace industry, whilst monitoring their progress on equally advanced Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites...
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Yesterday’s racers were amateur sportsmen and women, pioneers who looked the part. Today’s crews wear fireproof overalls, driving boots, have helmets plumbed with intercommunicating radios and compete in boats that only go afloat to test or race and are prepared and maintained by a crew of professional engineers.
Class 1
The UIM Class 1 World Powerboat Championship is an exhilarating and breathtaking spectacle. From the 34-foot, 21 hp wooden mono-hulls of the 1950s that averaged speeds of 20 mph, the modern-day raceboat is a 42 ft, twin-engined, 850 hp composite catamaran capable of speeds exceeding 257 km/h (160 mph).It brings together the latest in million-dollar, state-of-the-art technology, an array of spectacular venues from China and South America to the steel-blue waters of Scandinavia, the lakes of southern Europe and the golden sands of the Persian Gulf
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers...
, and an international group of teams and racers who remain a breed apart in professional sport.
A Grand Prix weekend is a three-day extravaganza where top-flight international motorsport, spectacular venues and world-class entertainment come together to create a unique experience.
The Boats
Weighing in at around 5 tonnes, each boat in the Class 1 fleet is approximately 12-14m in length, 3.5m wide, and constructed using composite materials.Over the years, safety has become a key concern and today’s Class 1 boats are the safest they have ever been. The quest for speed has produced boats, engines and transmission systems which are inevitably more sophisticated, and the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymer(FRP) with advanced composites using kevlar
Kevlar
Kevlar is the registered trademark for a para-aramid synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed at DuPont in 1965, this high strength material was first commercially used in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires...
and carbon fibre has made them safer.
Manufacturers Maritimo, MTI, Outerlimits, Tencara and Victory make up the fleet. All boats run petrol engines - Lamborghini-SKEMA or SCAM 8.2litre V12s, Mercury or Outerlimits V8, with the Victory Team running the Victory 8.2litre V12.
Inside the cockpit, satellite GPS systems, trim indicators, engine data dashboards and instrument panels and warning lights keep the crew aware of the boat’s progress during a race.
The cockpit is reinforced to withstand enormous impacts that may occur if a boat crashes at speeds in excess of 150 mph, with an escape hatch in the hull as an added safety feature in the event of an accident.
The Crews
Each boat has a two-man crew; the driver who navigates and steers the boat and a throttleman who dictates the speed and attitude, controlling the throttles and the trim.It is a combination that requires total trust – imagine driving a car and the person beside you has control of the accelerator – and a close working relationship. People often believe that the crew, simply jump into the cockpit, and it’s the guys who drive quickest that can win.
A simple enough theory, but one that doesn’t take into account, the skills and professionalism of pilots who regularly hurtle across the waves at over 160 mph/250kmh.
Both pilots work closely with their pit crews to determine the race set-up: the type of propeller required for the conditions, gear ratio settings’, the amount of fuel needed and race tactics. Propeller choice is critical and can win or lose not only a race, but also a championship.
Propeller design has seen the early three-bladed bronze wheels superseded by stainless steel cast or forged props with five or six blades for maximum efficiency, with teams limited to carry three pairs of props of differing pitches and diameters to accommodate differing sea conditions, fuel loads and handling characteristics.
The Championship
Eight races at four venues make up the UIM Class 1 World Powerboat Championship, with races run over approximately 55 or 75Nm of multiple laps of approx 5Nm (including one or two mandatory long laps).The World Championship
World championship
A world championship is the top achievement for any sport or contest. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best nation, team, individual in the world in a particular field. Certain sports do not have a world championship, instead...
is awarded to the team with the most accumulated points throughout the season. A winning crew collects 20 points, the runners-up 15, with the third-placed team awarded 12 points.
Other positions are awarded points on a sliding scale (9, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) to the tenth-placed finisher. Bonus points are also awarded - one point per engine – for running the same engines in race 2 for two consecutive Grand Prix.
A Grand Prix weekend is run over three days, with registration, technical scrutineering and the first practice session and driver briefings taking place on day one.
On day two a practice session is run in the morning, followed immediately by the Edox Pole Position (qualifying), also counting as a separate championship, and Race 1 in the afternoon.
The Edox Pole Position, like the practice sessions, is run over the Grand Prix course, giving the crews a further opportunity to familiarise themselves with circuits and conditions, and to decide on set-up. It acts as the qualifier for the line-up for Race 1, with the Pole-sitter (fastest time) lining-up closest to the official start boat. The Edox Pole Position lasts for 45 minutes, with teams having to complete a minimum of one timed lap and allowed to return to the wet pits to make adjustments to set-up, but limited to a total of 10 minutes under the crane.
On day three, a final practice session in the morning is followed in the afternoon by Race 2. Each race is started by a Nor-Tech 3600 supercat official pace boat, running at a controlled speed, which lead the boats from the wet pits and into a line-abreast under a yellow flag or amber flashing light, a green flag denoting the race start, with the finishing order of the Edox Pole Position dictating the line-up of the boats for Race 1 and the finishing order of Race 1, the start order for Race 2.
Each race consists of approximately 11-15 laps and is 55-75 Nm in length, including one or two mandatory long laps.