Clausiliidae
Encyclopedia
Clausiliidae, common name door snails, are a taxonomic family
of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snail
s, sinistral
terrestrial
pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
With about 1,300 species recent and fossil, this belong among the most diverse families of land gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae
, although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae
is larger).
All the species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium
, which enables the snail to close off the aperture
of the shell
with a sliding "door".
Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shell
s in general.
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired
, with numerous whorls
.
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture
usually has visible folds.
Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that they all have a "door" or clausilium
. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum
, which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods.
The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.
s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).
is Clausilia
Draparnaud
, 1805.
The Clausiliidae family is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra
, itself belonging to the clade
Stylommatophora
within the clade Eupulmonata
(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
).
recognizes subfamilies as follows:
subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981
subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926
subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927
tribe Gracillariini
tribe Alopiini
tribe Cochlodinini
tribe Delimini
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
tribe Montenegrinini
tribe † Eualopiini
tribe † Rillyini
tribe Megalophaedusini
tribe ?
listed only 9 species from this family.
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snail
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...
s, sinistral
Sinistral
Sinistral and dextral are scientific terms that describe chirality or relative direction in a number of disciplines.The terms are derived from the Latin words for “left” and “right” ....
terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...
pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
With about 1,300 species recent and fossil, this belong among the most diverse families of land gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae
Orthalicidae
Orthalicidae are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the informal group Sigmurethra of the clade Stylommatophora...
, although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs....
is larger).
All the species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium
Clausilium
The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails...
, which enables the snail to close off the aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....
of the shell
Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is a shell which is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, one kind of mollusc. The gastropod shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton, which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage...
with a sliding "door".
Shell description
Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is a shell which is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, one kind of mollusc. The gastropod shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton, which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage...
s in general.
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired
Spire (mollusc)
A spire is a descriptive term for part of the coiled shell of mollusks. The word is a convenient aid in describing shells, but it does not refer to a very precise part of shell anatomy: the spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl...
, with numerous whorls
Whorl (mollusc)
A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the...
.
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....
usually has visible folds.
The clausilium
Clausilium
The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails...
. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
, which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods.
The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.
Anatomy
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomeChromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).
Taxonomy
The type genusType genus
In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...
is Clausilia
Clausilia
Clausilia is a European genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....
Draparnaud
Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud
Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist.Draparnaud is considered the father of malacology in France...
, 1805.
The Clausiliidae family is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra
Sigmurethra
Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slugs....
, itself belonging to the clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...
within the clade Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata
The Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.-Linnean taxonomy:...
(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
).
2005 taxonomy
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
recognizes subfamilies as follows:
subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
- tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
- tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
- tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
- tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
- tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.)
- tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
- tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972
subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981
subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926
- tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
- tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
- tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978
- tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985
subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
- tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
- tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
- tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
- tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
- tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
- tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
- tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
- tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954
subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927
Clausiliinae
tribe Clausiliini- ClausiliaClausiliaClausilia is a European genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....
Draparnaud, 1805 - with two subgenera: Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977 - Erjavecia Brusina, 1870
- Fusulus Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus
- Julica H. Nordsieck, 1963
- MacrogastraMacrogastraMacrogastra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.Like all clausiliids, the shells of the species in this genus are sinistral, or left-handed in their coiling....
Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: Macrogastra, Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867 - Micridyla H. Nordsieck, 1973
- Neostyriaca A. J. Wagner, 1920
- Pseudofusulus H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: Pseudofusulus variansPseudofusulus variansPseudofusulus varians is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae.Genus Pseudofusulus is monotypic genus with Pseudofusulus varians as its type species.It is a relict species from Atlantic period of the Holocene, inhabiting...
- RuthenicaRuthenicaRuthenica is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails....
Lindholm, 1924
tribe Gracillariini
- Graciliaria Bielz, 1867
Alopiinae
Alopiinaetribe Alopiini
- Alopia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Alopia and Kimakowiczia Szekeres, 1969
- Herilla H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Triloba Vest, 1867
tribe Cochlodinini
- CochlodinaCochlodinaCochlodina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.-Species:Species within this genus include:* Cochlodina cerata...
A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: Cochlodina; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969 - Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Delimini
- Barcania Brandt, 1956
- CharpentieriaCharpentieriaCharpentieria is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.- Species :...
Stabille, 1864 - with four subgenera: Charpentieria; Gibbularia Monterosato, 1908; Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1877; SiciliariaSiciliariaSiciliaria is a genus of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Clausiliidae.- Species :Species in the genus Siciliaria include:*Siciliaria calcarae...
Vest, 1867 and Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877 - Delima Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: Delima; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
- Dilataria Vest, 1867
- PapilliferaPapilliferaPapillifera is a genus of air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.-Species:* Papillifera deburghiae...
Hartmann, 1842
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
- Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
- AlbinariaAlbinariaAlbinaria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus Albinaria include:* southern Albania* Greece* Cyprus...
Vest, 1867 - also include former genera Carinigera Moellendorff, 1873; Cristataria Vest, 1867; Isabellaria Vest, 1867; Sericata O. Boettger, 1878. - InchoatiaInchoatiaInchoatia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.- Description :...
Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006 - LampedusaLampedusa (gastropod)Lampedusa is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.-Species:Species within the genus Lampedusa include:...
- with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa - Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
- Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
- MuticariaMuticariaMuticaria is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.- Distribution :...
Lindholm, 1925 - Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924
tribe Montenegrinini
- MontenegrinaMontenegrinaMontenegrina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.-References:*...
O. Boettger, 1877 - Protoherilla A. J. Wagner, 1921
Baleinae
- Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
- BaleaBaleaBalea is a genus of small, very elongate, left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.Balea is the type genus of the subfamily Baleinae.- Species :...
J. E. Gray, 1824 - BulgaricaBulgaricaBulgarica is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.-Species :Species within the genus Bulgarica include:* Bulgarica cana...
O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera Bulgarica, Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923 - Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
- Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
- Menissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
- Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
- Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
- Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
- Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
- Vestia Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877
Constrictinae
Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:- † Constricta O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily
Garnieriinae
- Garnieria Bourguignat, 1877
- Grandinenia Minato & Chen, 1984
- Indonenia Ehrmann, 1927
- Megalauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Neniauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Tropidauchenia Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Euryauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007 and Tropidauchenia
Eualopiinae
Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:tribe † Eualopiini
- † Eualopia O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily
tribe † Rillyini
- † Rillya Munier-Chalmas [in P. Fischer], 1883 - type genus of the tribe
Laminiferinae
- Laminifera O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae. Its type species is fossil. (Actual status of the genus?)
- BofilliellaBofilliellaBofilliella is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....
Ehrmann, 1927 - Neniatlanta Bouguignat, 1876
Mentissoideinae
- Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: Acrotoma, Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
- Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
- Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
- Bitorquata O. Boettger, 1877
- BoettgeriaBoettgeriaBoettgeria is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....
O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: Boettgeriaand Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998 - Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
- Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
- Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: Euxinastra and Odonteuxina H. Nordsieck, 1875
- Euxinella H. Nordsieck, 1973
- Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
- GaleataGaleataGaleata is a comune in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southwest of Forlì....
O. Boettger, 1877 - Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Kazancia Neubert, 1992 - with two subgenera: Kazancia and Lasica Neubert, 1995
- Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
- Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
- Olympicola Hesse, 1916
- Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Roseniella Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
- Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
- Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
- Strigileuxina H. Nordsieck, 1975
- Strumosa O. Boettger, 1877
- Sumelia H. Nordsieck, 1994
Neniinae
- Andinia Polinski, 1922
- Andiniella Weyrauch, 1958
- Audiniastra H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Bequaertinenia Weyrauch, 1964 - with two subgenera: Bequaertinenia and Miranenia Grego & Szekeres, 2004
- Brevinenia Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005
- ColumbiniaColumbiniaColumbinia is a left-handed, air-breathing land snails genus in the family Clausiliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Columbinia include:subgenus Columbinia Polinski, 1924* Columbinia columbiana - type species...
Polinski, 1924 - with three subgenera: Columbinia; Paranenia Rehder, 1939 and Steatonenia Pilsbry, 1926 - Cyclonenia H. Nordsieck, 1999
- Cylindronenia Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Cylindronenia and Cylindroneniella H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Ehrmanniella Zilch, 1949
- Gonionenia Pilsbry, 1926
- Gracilinenia Polinski, 1922
- Hemicena Pilsbry, 1949
- Incaglaia Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Gibbonenia Zilch, 1954 and Incaglaia
- Incania Polinski, 1922
- Leuconenia H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Nenia H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Neniaptyx H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Neniatracta Pilsbry, 1926
- Neniella Grego & Sekeres, 2004
- Neniops Pilsbry, 1926
- Nenisca Rehder, 1939
- Parabalea Ancey, 1882
- Peruinia Polinski, 1922
- Pfeifferiella Weyrauch, 1957
- Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984
- Steeriana Jousseaume, 1900
- Symptychiella H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: Divnenia H. Nordsieck, 2005 and Symptychiella
- Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Zilchiella Weyrauch, 1957
Phadusinae
tribe Phaedusini- Phaedusa H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Metaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Phaedusa; Pseudophaedusa Tomiyama, 1984 and Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Megalophaedusini
- Leptacme Ehrmann, 1927
- Oospira Blanford, 1872 - with five subgenera: Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927; Formosana O. Boettger, 1877; Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003; Oospira; Paraformosella H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Siphonophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Prozaptyx Loosjes, 1950 and Zaptyx
tribe ?
- Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
- Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: Bathyptychia; Brachyptychia H. Nordsieck, 2001 and Strictiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: Cylindrophaedusa and Montiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Dautzenbergiella and Mansuyiella H. Nordsieck, 2003
- Diceratoptyx Pilsbry, 1905
- Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with five subgenera: Dentiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Euphaedusa; Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Telophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
- Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
- Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with 10 subgenera: Dendrophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002; Hemiphaedusa; Hemiphaedusoides H. Nordsieck, 2001; Hemizaptyx Pilsbry, 1905; Labyrinthiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Margaritiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927; Pinguiphaedusa Azuma, 1982; Placeophaedusa Minato, 1994 and Selenophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Heterozaptyx Pilsbry, 1906
- Juttingia Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: Juttingia and Pseudohemiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Lindholmiella Ehrmann, 1927
- Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
- Luchuphaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Luchuphaedusa and Nesiophaedusa Pilsbry, 1905
- Macrophaedusa Moellendorff, 1883
- Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
- MegalophaedusaMegalophaedusaMegalophaedusa is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.This genus occurs in Japan.-Species:...
O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: Megalophaedusa; Mesophaedusa Ehrmann, 1929; Mesozaptyx Kuroda, 1963 and Mundiphaedusa Minato, 1979. (NeophaedusaNeophaedusaNeophaedusa is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.-References:*...
is a synonym of Megalophaedusa). - Metazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
- Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
- Oligozaptx Pilsbry, 1905
- Paraphedusa O. Boettger, 1877
- Parazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
- Pliciphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1998
- Pulchraptyx Minato, 1981
- Reinia Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: Parareinia H. Nordsieck, 1998; Pictophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Reinia
- Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973
- Selenoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
- Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
- Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
- Stereozaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
- Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
- Synprosphyma Germain, 1919 - with two subgenera; Excussispira Lindholm, 1925 and Synprosphyma
- Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
- Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Aulacophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Tyrannophaedusa
- Tyrannozaptyx Käufel, 1930
- Zaptychopsis Ehrmann, 1927
Serrulininae
- Caspiophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
- Dobatia H. Nordsieck, 1973
- Graecophaedusa Rähle, 1982
- Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov, 1965
- Microphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1978
- Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres, 1995
- Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres, 1995
- Pravispira Lindholm, 1924
- PontophaedusaPontophaedusaPontophaedusa is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. It is within the subfamily Serrulininae.-References:*...
Lindholm, 1924 - Pontophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 1994
- Sciocochlea C. Boettger, 1935
- Serrulina Mousson, 1873 - with two subgenera: Serrulina and Truncatophaedusa Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovácz, 1994
- Serrulinella H. Nordsieck, 1984
- Tsoukatosia Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: Agiosspeleikos A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and Tsoukatosia
Conservation
Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction, the IUCN Red listIUCN Red List
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , founded in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species...
listed only 9 species from this family.
Further reading
- Maltz T. K. & Sulikowska-Drozd A. (2008) "Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland — Knowns and Unknowns". Annales Zoologici 58(4): 857-880. .
- Nordsieck H. (2007). Worldwide Door Snails. ConchBooks, 213 pp. ISBN 9783939767077.
- Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Leiden UniversityLeiden UniversityLeiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close...
. HTM, PDF. - Uit de Weerd D. R., Piel W. H. & Gittenberger E. (2004). "Widespread polyphyly among Alopiinae snail genera: when phylogeny mirrors biogeography more closely than morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. The journal is edited by D.E. Wildman.-Indexing:The journal is indexed in:*EMBiology*Journal Citation Reports*Scopus*Web of Science...
33(3): 533-548. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.010
External links
- Nordsieck H. (2005–2007). www.clausilia.de at Internet ArchiveInternet ArchiveThe Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It offers permanent storage and access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, music, moving images, and nearly 3 million public domain books. The Internet Archive...
. - Nordsieck H.: http://www.hnords.de: Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae).
- BioLib info