Clinical behavior analysis
Encyclopedia
Clinical behavior analysis (or clinical behaviour analysis) has its origins in applied behavior analysis
and behavior therapy. It is sometimes referred to as third-generation behavior therapy.
and other forms of behaviorism
, in particular functional analysis (psychology)
and behavioral models of verbal behavior. This area includes acceptance and commitment therapy
(ACT), community reinforcement and family training
, behavioral activation
(BA), Kohlenberg & Tsai's functional analytic psychotherapy
, integrative behavioral couples therapy
and dialectical behavioral therapy
. These approaches are squarely within the applied behavior analysis
tradition of behavior therapy. A related therapy but not behavior analytic in origins is cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
(McCullough, 2000).
. Originally this approach was referred to as comprehensive distancing. Every practitioner mixes acceptance with a commitment to one's values. These ingredients become emeshed into the treatment in different ways which leads to ACT being either more on the mindfulness side or more on the behavior-changing side. ACT has, as of October 2006, been evaluated in over 30 randomized clinical trials for a variety of client problems. Overall, when compared to other active treatments designed or known to be helpful, the effect size for ACT is a Cohen's d of around 0.6, which is considered a medium effect size
.
model of reinforcement. A recent review of the research supports the notion that the use of behavioral activation is clinically important for the treatment of depression.
.
and other behavioral skills. DBT is a well-established treatment for borderline personality disorder.
International has a special interest group in clinical behavior analysis ABA:I. ABA:I serves as the core intellectual home for behavior analysts.
The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
(ABCT) also has an interest group in behavior analysis, which focuses on clinical behavior analysis
The Association for Contextual Behavioral Sciences is devoted to third-generation therapies .
The World Assocaition for Behavior Analysis offers certification in clinical behavior therapy http://worldcenterba.com/index.html.
Applied Behavior Analysis
Applied behavior analysis is a science that involves using modern behavioral learning theory to modify behaviors. Behavior analysts reject the use of hypothetical constructs and focus on the observable relationship of behavior to the environment...
and behavior therapy. It is sometimes referred to as third-generation behavior therapy.
Current models in clinical behavior analysis
Clinical behavior analysis represents a movement in behavior therapy away from cognitivism and back toward radical behaviorismRadical behaviorism
Radical behaviorism is a philosophy developed by B.F. Skinner that underlies the experimental analysis of behavior approach to psychology. The term radical behaviorism applies to a particular school that emerged during the reign of behaviorism...
and other forms of behaviorism
Behaviorism
Behaviorism , also called the learning perspective , is a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do—including acting, thinking, and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior...
, in particular functional analysis (psychology)
Functional analysis (psychology)
Functional analysis in behavioral psychology is the application of the laws of operant conditioning to establish the relationships between stimuli and responses...
and behavioral models of verbal behavior. This area includes acceptance and commitment therapy
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy or ACT is a cognitive–behavioral model of psychotherapy. It is an empirically-based psychological intervention that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies mixed in different ways with commitment and behavior-change strategies, to increase psychological...
(ACT), community reinforcement and family training
Community reinforcement and family training
Community reinforcement approach and community reinforcement and family training approach are behavior therapy approaches to treating substance abuse.-Research:...
, behavioral activation
Behavioral activation
Behavioral activation is a third generation behavior therapy for treating depression. It is one of many functional analytic psychotherapies which are based on a Skinnerian psychological model of behavior change, generally referred to as applied behavior analysis...
(BA), Kohlenberg & Tsai's functional analytic psychotherapy
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Functional analytic psychotherapy is an approach to clinical psychotherapy that uses a radical behaviorist position informed by B.F. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior....
, integrative behavioral couples therapy
Integrative behavioral couples therapy
Behavioral marital therapy, sometimes called Behavioral couple, or couples, therapy, has its origins in behaviorism and is a form of behavior therapy. The theory is rooted in social learning theory and behavior analysis. As a model, it is constantly being revised as new research...
and dialectical behavioral therapy
Dialectical behavioral therapy
Dialectical behavior therapy is a system of therapy originally developed by Marsha M. Linehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, to treat people with borderline personality disorder...
. These approaches are squarely within the applied behavior analysis
Applied Behavior Analysis
Applied behavior analysis is a science that involves using modern behavioral learning theory to modify behaviors. Behavior analysts reject the use of hypothetical constructs and focus on the observable relationship of behavior to the environment...
tradition of behavior therapy. A related therapy but not behavior analytic in origins is cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy is a talking therapy, a synthesis model of interpersonal and cognitive and behavioral therapies developed by James P. McCullough Jr [2000, 2006] of Virginia Commonwealth University specifically for the treatment of all varieties of DSM-IV...
(McCullough, 2000).
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy is probably the most well-researched of all the third-generation behavior therapy models. It is based on relational frame theoryRelational frame theory
Relational frame theory, or RFT, is a psychological theory of human language and cognition. It was developed largely through the efforts of Steven C...
. Originally this approach was referred to as comprehensive distancing. Every practitioner mixes acceptance with a commitment to one's values. These ingredients become emeshed into the treatment in different ways which leads to ACT being either more on the mindfulness side or more on the behavior-changing side. ACT has, as of October 2006, been evaluated in over 30 randomized clinical trials for a variety of client problems. Overall, when compared to other active treatments designed or known to be helpful, the effect size for ACT is a Cohen's d of around 0.6, which is considered a medium effect size
Effect size
In statistics, an effect size is a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables in a statistical population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity...
.
Functional analytic psychotherapy
Functional analytic psychotherapy is based on a functional analysis of the therapeutic relationship. It places a greater emphasis on the therapeutic context and returns to the use of in-session reinforcement. The basic FAP analysis utilizes what is called the clinically relevant behavior (CRB1), which is the client's presenting problem as presented in-session. Client in-session actions that improve their CRB1s are referred to as CRB2s. Client statements, or verbal behavior, about CRBs are referred to as CRB3s. In general, 40 years of research supports the idea that in-session reinforcement of behavior can lead to behavioral change.Behavioral activation
Behavioral activation emerged from a component analysis of cognitive behavior therapy. This research found no additive effect for the cognitive component. Behavioral activation is based on a matching lawMatching law
In operant conditioning, the matching law is a quantitative relationship that holds between the relative rates of response and the relative rates of reinforcement in concurrent schedules of reinforcement...
model of reinforcement. A recent review of the research supports the notion that the use of behavioral activation is clinically important for the treatment of depression.
Integrative behavioral couples therapy
Integrative behavioral couples therapy developed from dissatisfaction with traditional behavioral couples therapy. Integrative behavioral couples therapy looks to Skinner (1966) for the difference between contingency shaped and rule-governed behavior. It couples this analysis with a thorough functional assessment of the couples relationship. Recent efforts have used radical behavioral concepts to interpret a number of clinical phenomena including forgivenessForgiveness
Forgiveness is typically defined as the process of concluding resentment, indignation or anger as a result of a perceived offense, difference or mistake, or ceasing to demand punishment or restitution. The Oxford English Dictionary defines forgiveness as 'to grant free pardon and to give up all...
.
Community reinforcement and family training
Community reinforcement and family training is a model first developed by Nathan H. Azrin and Hunt. The model focuses on the use of functional behavioral assessment to reduce drinking behavior.Dialectical behavioral therapy
Dialectical behavioral therapy was created by Marsha Linehan. The model attempts to balance acceptance and change. It focuses on the use of behavior chain analysis, which combines the process of functional analysis with a greater focus on each element in the behavior stream. DBT uses groups to train specific social skillsSocial skills
A social skill is any skill facilitating interaction and communication with others. Social rules and relations are created, communicated, and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways. The process of learning such skills is called socialization...
and other behavioral skills. DBT is a well-established treatment for borderline personality disorder.
Clinical formulation
As with all behavior therapy, clinical behavior analysis relies on a functional analysis of problem behavior. Depending on the clinical model this analysis draws on B.F Skinner's model of Verbal Behavior or relational frame theoryRelational frame theory
Relational frame theory, or RFT, is a psychological theory of human language and cognition. It was developed largely through the efforts of Steven C...
Professional organizations
The Association for Behavior AnalysisAssociation for Behavior Analysis
The Association for Behavior Analysis International is a nonprofit professional membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and...
International has a special interest group in clinical behavior analysis ABA:I. ABA:I serves as the core intellectual home for behavior analysts.
The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
The Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies was founded in 1966. Its headquarters are in New York City and its membership includes researchers, psychologists, psychiatrists, physicians, social workers, nurses, and other mental-health practitioners, researchers, and students who...
(ABCT) also has an interest group in behavior analysis, which focuses on clinical behavior analysis
The Association for Contextual Behavioral Sciences is devoted to third-generation therapies .
The World Assocaition for Behavior Analysis offers certification in clinical behavior therapy http://worldcenterba.com/index.html.