Clydonitaceae
Encyclopedia
The Clydonitaceae is a superfamily in the ammonoid cephalopod order Ceratitida
characterized by generally costate and turberculate shells with smooth, grooved, or keeled venters and sutures that are commonly ceratitic or ammonitic but goniatic in a few offshoots.
, which are derived from the Ceratitaceae
.
The Trachycerataceae, Haug 1894, used by Kummel, 1952 and more recently by Tozer, was originally equivalent to the Clydonitaceae, Mojsisovics 1879, of the Treatise, Part L; Kummel perhaps because the Trachyceratidae is one of two ancestral families while the Clydonitidae comprise a derived group.
Tozer separated the Trachycerataceae from the Clydonitaceae, rearranging both, leaving the Clydonitaceae with the original Clydonitidae, Clionititidae, and Metasibiritidae to which are added the Sandlingitidae and Thetiditidae. The emended Trachycerataceae includes the Trachyceratidae, Arpaditidae, Cyrtopleuritidae, Distichitidae, Heraclitidae, Noridiscitidae, and Tibetitidae.
, the Arpaditidae and Trachyceratidae are both derived from the Ceratitaceae.
The Trachyceratidae gave rise to the Leconitidae and Tibetitdae in the upper Middle Triassic and to the Clydonitidae and Cyrtopleuritidae in the lower Upper Triassic, the Cyrtopleuritidae in tern giving rise to the mid Upper Triassic Heraclitidae. The origin of the Noridiscitidae is uncertain and may not belong.
The Arpatitidae gave rise in the lower Upper Triassic to the Buchitidae, Choristoceratidae, Clionitidae, Distichitidae, and Thisbitidae. The Choristoceratidae gave rise in the mid Upper Triassic to the Cochloceratidae. Tozer distinguished the Choristoceratidae and Cochloceratidae as forming their own superfamily, the Choristocerataceae, with the addition of the Cycloceltitidae and Rhabdoceratidae.
Ceratitida
The Ceratitida is an order that contains almost all ammonoid cephalopod genera from the Triassic as well as ancestral forms from the Upper Permian, the exception being the phylloceratids which gave rise to the great diversity of post Triassic ammonites....
characterized by generally costate and turberculate shells with smooth, grooved, or keeled venters and sutures that are commonly ceratitic or ammonitic but goniatic in a few offshoots.
Taxonomy
The Clydonitaceae unites 14 families (Arkell et al 1962) (12 in Kummel 1952) derived from two ancestral stocks within, the Arpaditidae and the TrachyceratidaeTrachyceratidae
The Trachyceratidae is a family of ceratitid ammonoid cephalopods that lived during the Middle- and Late Triassic characterized by shells that are more or less involute and highly ornamented....
, which are derived from the Ceratitaceae
Ceratitaceae
The Ceratitaceae is a superfamily in the ammonoid cephalopod order Ceratitida characterised in general by highly ornamented or tuberculate shells with ceratitic sutures that may become goniatitic or ammonitic s some offshoots....
.
The Trachycerataceae, Haug 1894, used by Kummel, 1952 and more recently by Tozer, was originally equivalent to the Clydonitaceae, Mojsisovics 1879, of the Treatise, Part L; Kummel perhaps because the Trachyceratidae is one of two ancestral families while the Clydonitidae comprise a derived group.
Tozer separated the Trachycerataceae from the Clydonitaceae, rearranging both, leaving the Clydonitaceae with the original Clydonitidae, Clionititidae, and Metasibiritidae to which are added the Sandlingitidae and Thetiditidae. The emended Trachycerataceae includes the Trachyceratidae, Arpaditidae, Cyrtopleuritidae, Distichitidae, Heraclitidae, Noridiscitidae, and Tibetitidae.
Phylogeny
According to Kummel (1952) and Arkel et al (1962) in the Treatise on Invertebrate PaleontologyTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and...
, the Arpaditidae and Trachyceratidae are both derived from the Ceratitaceae.
The Trachyceratidae gave rise to the Leconitidae and Tibetitdae in the upper Middle Triassic and to the Clydonitidae and Cyrtopleuritidae in the lower Upper Triassic, the Cyrtopleuritidae in tern giving rise to the mid Upper Triassic Heraclitidae. The origin of the Noridiscitidae is uncertain and may not belong.
The Arpatitidae gave rise in the lower Upper Triassic to the Buchitidae, Choristoceratidae, Clionitidae, Distichitidae, and Thisbitidae. The Choristoceratidae gave rise in the mid Upper Triassic to the Cochloceratidae. Tozer distinguished the Choristoceratidae and Cochloceratidae as forming their own superfamily, the Choristocerataceae, with the addition of the Cycloceltitidae and Rhabdoceratidae.
References
- Arkell et al.,1962. Mesozoic Ammonoidea. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, Ammonoidea. R.C. Moore (ed)
- Kümmel, B. 1952. A Classification of the Triassic Ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology, V.26, N.5, pp847–853, Sept. 1952.
- Tozer in Paleobiology Database