Cochin Port Trust
Encyclopedia
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...
- Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...
sea-route and is one of the largest ports in India
Ports in India
India has a long coastline, spanning 7600 kilometres, forming one of the biggest peninsulas in the world. It is serviced by 13 major ports and 187 notified minor and intermediate ports. The latest addition to major ports is Port Blair on June 2010, the 13th port in the country.Major ports handled...
. The port lies on two islands in the Lake of Kochi namely the Willingdon Island
Willingdon Island
Willingdon Island is an island, which forms part of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. Much of the present Willingdon Island was claimed from the Lake of Kochi, filling dredged soil around a previously existed, but tiny natural island...
and Vallarpadam
Vallarpadam
Vallarpadam is one among the group of islands, that form part of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated in the Vembanad_Lake known here as Lake of Kochi and has a population of over 10,000...
, towards the Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi
Fort Kochi is a region in the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India. This is part of a handful of water-bound regions toward the south-west of the mainland Kochi, and collectively known as Old Kochi or West Kochi. Adjacent to this is Mattancherry...
river-mouth opening onto the Arabian sea
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui in northeastern Somalia and Kanyakumari in India...
. The Vallarpadam International Container Trans-shipment Terminal (ICTT)
International Container Transshipment Terminal, Kochi
The Kochi International Container Transhipment Terminal , locally known as the Vallarpadam Terminal , is a container trans-shipment facility which is part of the Kochi Port. It is the only trans-shipment port in India, and is situated in Kochi, in the state of Kerala.Being constructed in three...
, a part of the Cochin Port, is the largest container trans-shipment facility in India.
The port is governed by the Cochin Port Trust, a Government of India establishment. The modern port was established in 1926 and has now completed 86 years of active service.
The Kochi Port is one among a line of maritime-related facilities based in the port-city of Kochi
Kochi
-Places:* Kochi, a city in the state of Kerala, India, formerly known as Cochin* Kingdom of Cochin, a former feudal city-state on Malabar Coast, India** Fort Kochi, one of the three main urban components which constitute the present day city of Kochi, Kerala, India...
, the others being, the Cochin Shipyard
Cochin Shipyard
Cochin Shipyard Limited is the largest ship building and maintenance facility in India. It is part of a line of maritime related facilities in the port-city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India....
, the largest ship-building as well as maintenance facility in India, the SPM (Single Point Mooring facility) of the Kochi Refineries
Kochi Refineries
The Kochi Refineries Ltd is an oil refinery in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is located in the Ambalamugal industrial district of Kochi. It has a production capacity of 7.5 million tons per annum as of Dec 1994...
- an offshore crude carrier mooring facility, and the Kochi Marina
Kochi Marina
The Kochi International Marina is a marina in the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala, India. It is located in the eastern coast of the Bolgatty Island , in the premises of the Bolgatty Palace, a 'heritage hotel'.The Kochi Marina is the only marina in India. It is owned by the Kerala Tourism...
.
History
The Cochin port was formed naturally due the great floods of Periyar in 1341 AD, which choked the Muziris port (KodungallurKodungallur
Kodungallur is a municipality in Thrissur District, in the state of Kerala, India on the Malabar Coast. Kodungallur is located about 29 km northwest of Kochi city and 38 km Southwest of Thrissur, on National Highway 17 . Muziris the ancient seaport at the mouth of the Periyar River was...
), one of the greatest ports in ancient world. Ever since the choking of Muziris, Cochin became one of the major ports with extensive trading relations Romans, Greeks and Arabs, all lured by the traditional spice wealth of the state. The port further attracted European colonialists like Portuguese, Dutch and finally British who extended their supremacy over Kochi Kingdom and the port city of Fort Kochi. The traditional port was located near Mattancherry (which still continues as Mattancherry Wharf).
The need of a modern port was first felt by Lord Willingdon during his Governorship of Madras Province of British India. The opening of Suez Canal
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
, made several ships passing near west coast of India and he felt a necessity of modern port in the southern part. For this reason, he selected the newly joined Sir Robert Bristow
Robert Bristow
Sir Robert Bristow was a British harbour engineer who is best known for his contributions to the development of the port of Kochi in India. Bristow recounted his experiences in his book Cochin Saga, which is considered an important source of historiography of Kerala...
who was a leading British Harbor Engineer with extensive past experience with maintenance of Suez Canal. Sir Robert Bristow, took the charge of Chief Engineer of Kochi Kingdom's Port Department in 1920. Ever since then, he and his team was actively involved in making a greenfield port. After studying the sea currents, observing tidal conditions and conducting various experiments he was convinced about the feasibility of developing Cochin. He believed that Cochin could become the safest harbour if the ships entered the inner channel. The challenge before the Engineers who had studied the Port was a rock like sand bar that stood across the opening of the Cochin backwaters into the sea. It was a formidable ridge of heavy and densely packed sand that prevented the entry of all ships requiring more than eight or nine feet of water. It was thought that the removal of sand bar was a technical impossibility, that. the extent of the potential consequence on the environment was beyond estimation. The harm could be anything like the destruction of Vypeen foreshore or the destruction of the Vembanad lake.
Robert Bristow, after a detailed study, concluded that such data was history. He addressed the immediate problem of erosion of the Vypeen foreshore by building of rubble granite groynes nearly parallel with the shores and overlapping each other. The groynes first produced an automatic reclamation which naturally protected the shore from the monsoon seas. Confident at the initial success, Bristow planned out a detailed proposal of reclaiming part of the backwaters at a cost of Rs. 2.5 crores. An ad-hoc committee appointed by the Madras government examined and approved the plans submitted by Robert Bristow.
The construction of the dredger `Lord Willingdon' was completed in 1925. It arrived at Cochin in May 1926. It was estimated that the dredger had to be put to use for at least 20 hours a day for the next two years. . The dredged sand was used to create a new island to house Cochin Port and other trade related establishments. Around 3.2 km² of land was reclaimed during the dredging process. The strong determination of Sir Bristow and his team, finally paid success, when large steam ship SS Padma, sailed into sailing from newly constructed inner harbour of Kochi. Speaking to the BBC on that day, Bristow proudly proclaimed his achievements at the Kochi port with the following words: I live on a large Island made from the bottom of the sea. It is called Willingdon Island, after the present Viceroy of India. From the upper floor of my house, I look down on the finest harbour in the East..
In 1932, the Maritime Board of British India declared Port of Cochin as a major port. The port was opened to all vessels up to 30 feet draught. During the World War-2, the port was taken over by Royal Navy to accommodate several military cruisers and war ships. The port was returned to civil authorities on May 19, 1945. After Independence, the port was taken over by Government of India. In 1964, the administration of the Port got vested in a Board of Trustees under the Major Port Trusts Act. The port was listed as one among 12 major ports of India.
Organizational structure
Cochin Port Trust is an Autonomous Body under Govt.of India and is managed by Board of Trustees constituted by the Government of India. The Board is headed by the Chairman who acts as the Chief Executive Officer. The Govt.of India may from time to time nominate the trustees in the Board representing various interests. Chairman is assisted by the Deputy Chairman who in turn is assisted by Department Heads and officials of the following departments functioning in the Port.a) General Administration Department
b) Traffic Department
c) Accounts Department
d) Marine Department
e) Civil Engineering Department
f) Mechanical Engineering Department
g) Medical Department
Navigational channel
The entrance to Port is through the Cochin Gut between the peninsular headland Vypeen and Fort Cochin. The port limits extend up to the entire backwaters and the connecting creeks and channels. The approach channel up to the Cochin Gut, is about 1000 metre long with a designed width of 200 meters and maintained dredged depth of 13.8 meters (now dredging for 18 meters for ICTT).From the gut the channel divides into Mattancherry channel and Ernakulam Channel, leading to west and east of Willingdon Island respectively and berthing facilities for ships have been provided in the form of wharves, berths, jetties and stream moorings alongside these channels.
Infrastructure facilities
A draft of 38 ft. is maintained in the Ernakulam channel along with berthing facilities, which enables the Port to bring in larger vessels to the Port. In the Mattancherry channel a draft of 30 ft. is maintained. The Port provides round the clock pilotage to ships subject to certain restrictions on the size and draft of the vessels. There is an efficient network of railways, roads, waterways and airways, connecting the Port with the hinterland centers spread over the State of Kerala, Tamilnadu and Karnataka. Facilities for supply of water and bunkering to vessels are also available.New initiatives
The CPT launched E-Thuramukham, a comprehensive Enterprise Resource PlanningEnterprise resource planning
Enterprise resource planning systems integrate internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application...
(ERP) implementation programme becoming the first Indian port to do so. The project is based on SAP
SAP AG
SAP AG is a German software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. Headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, with regional offices around the world, SAP is the market leader in enterprise application software...
platform and will be customized by Tata Consultancy Services
Tata Consultancy Services
Tata Consultancy Services Limited is a global IT services, business solutions and outsourcing company headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is the largest provider of information technology in Asia and second largest provider of business process outsourcing services in India...
.
External links
- Official website of the Cochin Port Trust.
- Kochi LNG TerminalKochi LNG TerminalKochi LNG is a proposed liquefied natural gas regasification terminal in Puthuvypeen, Kochi, India.The LNG terminal is under construction and is scheduled for commissioning by the third quarter of 2012.- Facilities :...