Codex Guelferbytanus A
Encyclopedia
Codex Guelferbytanus A designated by Pe or 024 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 33 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial
manuscript
of the Gospels, dated palaeographically
to the 6th century. The manuscript is very lacunose.
in Alexandrian way.
Contents
The notation of the Ammonian Sections is given in the margin of text, but without reference to the Eusebian Canons. The nomina sacra attested in this uncial fragment are ΙΣ, ΧΣ (Christos, Christ), ΚΣ (Kurios, Lord) ΘΣ, ΥΣ, ΠΗΡ, ΠΝΑ, ΙΛΗΜ, ΑΝΟΣ, and ΔΑΔ. The number "forty" is also written with an abbreviation — Μ. All the abbreviations are marked with the superscript bar.
It is a palimpsest
, the whole book is known as Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis. The upper text is in Latin, it contains Isidore of Seville
's Origines
and letters (as in Codex Guelferbytanus B
, Codex Carolinus – manuscript of Gothic of Wulfilas version).
is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
. Aland
placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method in Luke 20 it has mixed text.
According to Scrivener the codex agrees with A
B
united 50 times, sides with B against A 29 times, accords with A against B in 102 places.
, Weissenburg
, Mainz
, and Prague
. The Duke of Brunswick
bought it in 1689.
The manuscript became known for the scholars in the half of the 18th century. Franz Anton Knittel
(1721–1792) discovered it in the Ducal Library of Wolfenbüttel. Knittel recognized two palimpsest Greek texts of the New Testament in the codex and designated them by A and B. F. A. Knittel published in 1762 Gothic
text of the codex (Codex Carolinus
) at Brunswick
. The lower Greek text was collated and edited by Tischendorf
in 1860.
The codex is located at the Herzog August Bibliothek
(Weissenburg 64) in Wolfenbüttel
.
Uncial
Uncial is a majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters are written in either Greek, Latin, or Gothic.-Development:...
manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the Gospels, dated palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
to the 6th century. The manuscript is very lacunose.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four Gospels in a very fragmentary condition on 44 leaves . Written in two columns per page, 24 lines per column. It does not contain in genere breathings and accents. Sometimes it uses breathings, but often wrongly. It has errors of iotacismIotacism
Iotacism is the process by which a number of vowels and diphthongs in Ancient Greek converged in pronunciation so that they all sound like iota in Modern Greek....
in Alexandrian way.
Contents
- Matthew 1:11-21; 3:13-4:19; 10:7-19; 10:42-11:11; 13:40-50; 14:15-15:3.29-39;
- Mark 1:2-11; 3:5-17; 14:13-24.48-61; 15:12-37;
- Luke 1:1-13; 2:9-20; 6:21-42; 7:32-8:2; 8:31-50; 9:26-36; 10:36-11:4; 12:34-45; 14:14-25; 15:13-16:22; 18:13-39; 20:21-21:3; 22:3-16; 23:20-33; 23:45-24:1; 24:14-37;
- John 1:29-40; 2:13-25; 21:1-11.
The notation of the Ammonian Sections is given in the margin of text, but without reference to the Eusebian Canons. The nomina sacra attested in this uncial fragment are ΙΣ, ΧΣ (Christos, Christ), ΚΣ (Kurios, Lord) ΘΣ, ΥΣ, ΠΗΡ, ΠΝΑ, ΙΛΗΜ, ΑΝΟΣ, and ΔΑΔ. The number "forty" is also written with an abbreviation — Μ. All the abbreviations are marked with the superscript bar.
It is a palimpsest
Palimpsest
A palimpsest is a manuscript page from a scroll or book from which the text has been scraped off and which can be used again. The word "palimpsest" comes through Latin palimpsēstus from Ancient Greek παλίμψηστος originally compounded from πάλιν and ψάω literally meaning “scraped...
, the whole book is known as Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis. The upper text is in Latin, it contains Isidore of Seville
Isidore of Seville
Saint Isidore of Seville served as Archbishop of Seville for more than three decades and is considered, as the historian Montalembert put it in an oft-quoted phrase, "le dernier savant du monde ancien"...
's Origines
Etymologiae
Etymologiae is an encyclopedia compiled by Isidore of Seville towards the end of his life. It forms a bridge between a condensed epitome of classical learning at the close of Late Antiquity and the inheritance received, in large part through Isidore's work, by the early Middle Ages...
and letters (as in Codex Guelferbytanus B
Codex Guelferbytanus B
Codex Guelferbytanus B designated by Q or 026 , ε 4 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 5th century.It is a palimpsest.- Contents :Gospel of Luke...
, Codex Carolinus – manuscript of Gothic of Wulfilas version).
Text
The Greek text of this codexCodex
A codex is a book in the format used for modern books, with multiple quires or gatherings typically bound together and given a cover.Developed by the Romans from wooden writing tablets, its gradual replacement...
is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method in Luke 20 it has mixed text.
According to Scrivener the codex agrees with A
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
B
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
united 50 times, sides with B against A 29 times, accords with A against B in 102 places.
History
Formerly the manuscript was held in BobbioBobbio
Bobbio is a small town and commune in the province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It is located in the Trebbia River valley southwest of the town Piacenza. There is also an abbey and a diocese of the same name...
, Weissenburg
Weissenburg
The German names Weissenburg and Weißenburg can refer to:* Weißenburg in Bayern in Germany* Alba Iulia in Romania* Wissembourg in France...
, Mainz
Mainz
Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
, and Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. The Duke of Brunswick
Duchy of Brunswick
Brunswick was a historical state in Germany. Originally the territory of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in the Holy Roman Empire, it was established as an independent duchy by the Congress of Vienna in 1815...
bought it in 1689.
The manuscript became known for the scholars in the half of the 18th century. Franz Anton Knittel
Franz Anton Knittel
Franz Anton Knittel , was a German, Lutheran orthodox theologian, priest, and palaeographer. He examined palimpsests' text of the Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis and deciphered text of Codex Carolinus. He was the author of many works.- Life :In 1751 he became a priest, in 1753 Archdeacon...
(1721–1792) discovered it in the Ducal Library of Wolfenbüttel. Knittel recognized two palimpsest Greek texts of the New Testament in the codex and designated them by A and B. F. A. Knittel published in 1762 Gothic
Gothic language
Gothic is an extinct Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus, a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizable Text corpus...
text of the codex (Codex Carolinus
Codex Carolinus
Codex Carolinus is a Gothic-Latin diglot uncial manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated to the 6th or 7th century. The Gothic text is designated by siglum Car, the Latin text is designated by siglum gue or by 79 , it represents the Old Latin translation of the New Testament...
) at Brunswick
Braunschweig
Braunschweig , is a city of 247,400 people, located in the federal-state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser....
. The lower Greek text was collated and edited by Tischendorf
Constantin von Tischendorf
Lobegott Friedrich Constantin Tischendorf was a noted German Biblical scholar. He deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th century Greek manuscript of the New Testament, in the 1840s, and rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th century New Testament manuscript, in 1859.Tischendorf...
in 1860.
The codex is located at the Herzog August Bibliothek
Herzog August Bibliothek
The Herzog August Library , in Wolfenbüttel, , known also as Bibliotheca Augusta, it has an international importance for its collection from the Middle Ages and Early modern Europe. The library is overseen by the Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture...
(Weissenburg 64) in Wolfenbüttel
Wolfenbüttel
Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, located on the Oker river about 13 kilometres south of Brunswick. It is the seat of the District of Wolfenbüttel and of the bishop of the Protestant Lutheran State Church of Brunswick...
.
Further reading
- Constantin von Tischendorf, Monumenta Sacra inedita VI (Leipzig, 1869), pp. XIII-XV, XVII, XVIII, 249-338.
- A. Cavallo, "Richerche sulla maiuscola biblica" (Florence, 1967), p. 92.
- U. B. Schmid, D. C. ParkerDavid C. ParkerDavid C. Parker is the Edward Cadbury Professor of Theology and the Director of the Institute for Textual Scholarship and Electronic Editing at the Department of Theology and Religion, University of Birmingham. His interests include New Testament textual criticism and Greek and Latin...
, W. J. Elliott, The Gospel according to St. John: The majuscules (Brill 2007), pp. 39-44. [text of the codex in the Gospel of John]
External links
- Digitalized Codex Guelferbytanus 64 Weissenburgensis at the Herzog August BibliothekHerzog August BibliothekThe Herzog August Library , in Wolfenbüttel, , known also as Bibliotheca Augusta, it has an international importance for its collection from the Middle Ages and Early modern Europe. The library is overseen by the Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture...