Coloman of Lodomeria
Encyclopedia
Coloman of Galicia-Lodomeria (1208 - Zagreb
, around June, 1241) was a member of the Árpád dynasty
. He was Prince of Halych
(1214-15) and he became the first anointed and crowned King of Galicia-Lodomeria
(rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) (1215-1219), followed by prince Andrew of Hungary (1219-1221). During the second half of his life, he was Duke of Slavonia
(1226-1241).
and his queen, Gertrude of Merania
. In 1214, his father had a meeting with Grand Duke Leszek I of Poland
and they agreed that Coloman would marry Leszek's daughter, Salomea
and the couple would reign in the Principality of Halych
. Their allied armies invaded and occupied the neighboring country and thus Coloman became the Prince of Halych.
Upon his father's request, Pope Innocent III
authorized Archbishop John of Esztergom to anoint the young Coloman king. However, his father occupied the territories promised to Grand Duke Leszek I; therefore, the latter allied himself with Prince Mstislav of Novgorod who invaded Halych in the first half of 1215, and Coloman was obliged to return to Hungary
. Nevertheless, he was crowned king by the Archbishop John with the permission of Pope Innocent.
In 1216, his father and father-in-law made a new agreement; their troops occupied Halych and Coloman started to rule in the country again. The country was, in practise, probably governed by regents appointed by his father.
On 14 August 1219, his troops were defeated by Prince Mstislav and Coloman and his wife were captured. King Andrew II started negotiation with Prince Mstislav and they agreed that Coloman would be set free, but Halych were to be granted to his younger brother Andrew who would marry Prince Mstislav's daughter.
Coloman returned to Hungary but he was styled king until his death.
. Coloman cooperated with his brother who had been endeavouring to take back the royal domains their father had granted to his followers, but their policy was opposed by their father. In his province, Coloman confiscated some possessions his father had granted to the Knights Templar
.
In 1231, Coloman granted privileges to Vukovar
. Coloman, similarly to his brother, opposed his father's third marriage with Beatrice D'Este
and following the death of King Andrew II (21 September 1235) they accused their young stepmother of adultery.
Pope Gregory IX
persuaded him to pursue the heretics
in his provinces and in the adjacent territories; therefore he invaded and occupied Bosnia
and Zachlumia
but he could not wind up Bogomilism
. He supported the establishment of the Diocese of Bosnia and he granted Đakovo to its bishop. The terms Nobilissimus (most noble) and nobilissima familia (most noble family)
have been used since the 11th century for the King of Hungary and his family, but it were then only a few, among them also Coloman, which were mentioned in official documents as such.
When he was informed that the Mongols invaded
the kingdom, he joined to his brother's troops. However, their troops were defeated at the Battle of Mohi
(11 April 1241). Coloman got so serious wounds that he died a few weeks after the battle.
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, around June, 1241) was a member of the Árpád dynasty
Árpád dynasty
The Árpáds or Arpads was the ruling dynasty of the federation of the Hungarian tribes and of the Kingdom of Hungary . The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Árpád who was the head of the tribal federation when the Magyars occupied the Carpathian Basin, circa 895...
. He was Prince of Halych
Halych-Volhynia
The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus or Galicia–Vladimir was a Ruthenian state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia during 1199–1349. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'...
(1214-15) and he became the first anointed and crowned King of Galicia-Lodomeria
Halych-Volhynia
The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus or Galicia–Vladimir was a Ruthenian state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia during 1199–1349. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'...
(rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) (1215-1219), followed by prince Andrew of Hungary (1219-1221). During the second half of his life, he was Duke of Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
(1226-1241).
Ruler of Halych
Coloman was the second son of King Andrew II of HungaryAndrew II of Hungary
Andrew II the Jerosolimitan was King of Hungary and Croatia . He was the younger son of King Béla III of Hungary, who invested him with the government of the Principality of Halych...
and his queen, Gertrude of Merania
Gertrude of Merania
Gertrude of Merania was the first wife of King Andrew II of Hungary and thereby Queen consort of Hungary from 1205 until her assassination.-Family:...
. In 1214, his father had a meeting with Grand Duke Leszek I of Poland
Leszek I the White
Leszek I the White , also listed by some sources as Leszek II the White, was Prince of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland from 1194 until his death, except for the short periods following when he was deposed as Polish ruler...
and they agreed that Coloman would marry Leszek's daughter, Salomea
Salomea of Poland
Salome of Poland , also known as Salome of Cracow or Blessed Salome , was a Polish princess and from 1215 to 1219 the Queen of Halych by virtue of being the wife of Kálmán or Coloman of Lodomeria....
and the couple would reign in the Principality of Halych
Halych-Volhynia
The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia or Kingdom of Rus or Galicia–Vladimir was a Ruthenian state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia during 1199–1349. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'...
. Their allied armies invaded and occupied the neighboring country and thus Coloman became the Prince of Halych.
Upon his father's request, Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....
authorized Archbishop John of Esztergom to anoint the young Coloman king. However, his father occupied the territories promised to Grand Duke Leszek I; therefore, the latter allied himself with Prince Mstislav of Novgorod who invaded Halych in the first half of 1215, and Coloman was obliged to return to Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. Nevertheless, he was crowned king by the Archbishop John with the permission of Pope Innocent.
In 1216, his father and father-in-law made a new agreement; their troops occupied Halych and Coloman started to rule in the country again. The country was, in practise, probably governed by regents appointed by his father.
On 14 August 1219, his troops were defeated by Prince Mstislav and Coloman and his wife were captured. King Andrew II started negotiation with Prince Mstislav and they agreed that Coloman would be set free, but Halych were to be granted to his younger brother Andrew who would marry Prince Mstislav's daughter.
Coloman returned to Hungary but he was styled king until his death.
Duke of Slavonia
In the first half of 1226, his father entrusted him with the government of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia, provinces that had been governed since 1220 by his elder brother, BélaBéla IV of Hungary
Béla IV , King of Hungary and of Croatia , duke of Styria 1254–58. One of the most famous kings of Hungary, he distinguished himself through his policy of strengthening of the royal power following the example of his grandfather Bela III, and by the rebuilding Hungary after the catastrophe of the...
. Coloman cooperated with his brother who had been endeavouring to take back the royal domains their father had granted to his followers, but their policy was opposed by their father. In his province, Coloman confiscated some possessions his father had granted to the Knights Templar
Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon , commonly known as the Knights Templar, the Order of the Temple or simply as Templars, were among the most famous of the Western Christian military orders...
.
In 1231, Coloman granted privileges to Vukovar
Vukovar
Vukovar is a city in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river and the Danube. Vukovar is the center of the Vukovar-Syrmia County...
. Coloman, similarly to his brother, opposed his father's third marriage with Beatrice D'Este
Beatrice D'Este (Queen Consort of Hungary)
Blessed Beatrice d'Este was Queen consort of Hungary as the third wife of King Andrew II of Hungary.Beatrice was the only child of Marquis Aldobrandino I of Este but her mother's name and origin is unknown...
and following the death of King Andrew II (21 September 1235) they accused their young stepmother of adultery.
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was...
persuaded him to pursue the heretics
Heresy
Heresy is a controversial or novel change to a system of beliefs, especially a religion, that conflicts with established dogma. It is distinct from apostasy, which is the formal denunciation of one's religion, principles or cause, and blasphemy, which is irreverence toward religion...
in his provinces and in the adjacent territories; therefore he invaded and occupied Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
and Zachlumia
Zachlumia
Zachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia...
but he could not wind up Bogomilism
Bogomilism
Bogomilism was a Gnostic religiopolitical sect founded in the First Bulgarian Empire by the priest Bogomil during the reign of Tsar Petar I in the 10th century...
. He supported the establishment of the Diocese of Bosnia and he granted Đakovo to its bishop. The terms Nobilissimus (most noble) and nobilissima familia (most noble family)
Nobilissima familia (Hungary)
The terms Nobilissimus and nobilissima familia have been used since the 11th century for the King of Hungary and his family...
have been used since the 11th century for the King of Hungary and his family, but it were then only a few, among them also Coloman, which were mentioned in official documents as such.
When he was informed that the Mongols invaded
Mongol invasion of Europe
The resumption of the Mongol invasion of Europe, during which the Mongols attacked medieval Rus' principalities and the powers of Poland and Hungary, was marked by the Mongol invasion of Rus starting in 21 December 1237...
the kingdom, he joined to his brother's troops. However, their troops were defeated at the Battle of Mohi
Battle of Mohi
The Battle of Mohi , or Battle of the Sajó River, was the main battle between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary during the Mongol invasion of Europe. It took place at Muhi, Southwest of the Sajó River. After the invasion, Hungary lay in ruins. Nearly half of the inhabited places had...
(11 April 1241). Coloman got so serious wounds that he died a few weeks after the battle.
Ancestry
Sources
- Kristó, Gyula (editor): Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon - 9-14. század (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History - 9-14th centuries); Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994, Budapest; ISBN 963-05-6722-9.