Column wave
Encyclopedia
The column wave is a 16th century stage machine created to mimic movement of the ocean
Ocean
An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas.More than half of this area is over 3,000...

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Developed by Nicola Sabbatini
Nicola Sabbatini
Nicola Sabbatini , also known as Niccolò Sabbatini or Nicola Sabbattini, was an Italian architect of the Baroque....

, the machine was an effective way to give the appearance of a wave-filled sea. It was used to great effect through the following centuries. The machine was documented in Practica di Fabricar Scene e Machine ne' Teatri as the third method of showing a sea.

The column wave was built by attaching slightly bent bars through cylinders made of wood and burlap
Burlap
Hessian , or burlap in the US, is a woven fabric usually made from skin of the jute plant or sisal fibres, or may be combined with other vegetable fibres to make rope, nets, and similar products...

. The burlap was painted blue and black (with hints of silver for the whitecaps). These tubes were attached to cranks that, when turned, made the stretched burlap quiver while the disks created a flowing motion. Combining several of these in a row gave the audience a more realistic sea than had been seen on stage before.
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