Commonsense reasoning
Encyclopedia
Commonsense reasoning is the branch of Artificial intelligence
concerned with replicating human thinking. There are several components to this problem, including:
Common Sense Problems
believes in formal logic approach to common sense reasoning. Prof. Marvin Minsky
takes an approach illustrated in The Society of Mind
and in The Emotion Machine.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
concerned with replicating human thinking. There are several components to this problem, including:
- Developing adequately broad and deep commonsense knowledge basesCommonsense knowledge basesIn artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know...
. - Developing reasoning methods that exhibit the features of human thinking, including the ability to:
- reason with knowledge that is true by default
- reason rapidly across a broad range of domains
- tolerate uncertainty in your knowledge
- take decisions under incomplete knowledge and perhaps revise that belief or decision when complete knowledge becomes available.
- Developing new kinds of cognitive architectures that support multiple reasoning methods and representations.
Prominent Researchers and Individuals Involved
- Marvin MinskyMarvin MinskyMarvin Lee Minsky is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence , co-founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy.-Biography:...
- John McCarthyJohn McCarthy (computer scientist)John McCarthy was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He coined the term "artificial intelligence" , invented the Lisp programming language and was highly influential in the early development of AI.McCarthy also influenced other areas of computing such as time sharing systems...
- Erik Mueller
- Doug Lenat
- Lenhart SchubertLenhart SchubertLenhart Schubert is a professor of Computer Science at the University of Rochester, as well as a member of the Center for Language Sciences and the Center for Computation and the Brain. Schubert is a prominent researcher in the field of common sense reasoning....
Common Sense Problems
Formalizing the commonsense knowledge needed for even simple reasoning problems is a huge undertaking. For this reason, researchers often study small toy problems, such as planning in the blocks world domain. Because such toy problems can gloss over some of the more interesting research issues, there has been a recent trend toward working on more realistic challenge problems.Common Sense Problems
Schools of thought
Prof. John McCarthyJohn McCarthy (computer scientist)
John McCarthy was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He coined the term "artificial intelligence" , invented the Lisp programming language and was highly influential in the early development of AI.McCarthy also influenced other areas of computing such as time sharing systems...
believes in formal logic approach to common sense reasoning. Prof. Marvin Minsky
Marvin Minsky
Marvin Lee Minsky is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence , co-founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy.-Biography:...
takes an approach illustrated in The Society of Mind
Society of Mind
The Society of Mind is both the title of a book and the name of a theory of natural intelligence as written and developed by Marvin Minsky.-Minsky's model:...
and in The Emotion Machine.