Comparison of programming languages (array)
Encyclopedia
ArrayArrayIn computer science, an array data structure or simply array is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements , each identified by at least one index...
dimensions
The following list contains Syntax examples on how to determine the dimensions (index of the first element, the last element and/or the size in elements):| Size | First | Last | Languages |
|---|---|---|---|
| name |
name |
name |
Ada Ada (programming language) Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages... |
| UPB name - LWB name+1 or 2 UPB name - 2 LWB name+1 etc |
LWB name or 2 LWB name etc | UPB name or 2 UPB name etc | ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 isan imperative computerprogramming language that was conceived as a successor to theALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a... |
| UBound(name)-LBound(name)+1 | LBound(name) | UBound(name) | Visual Basic Visual Basic Visual Basic is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model... |
| name.Length | name.GetLowerBound(dimension) | name.GetUpperBound(dimension) | C#, Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET , is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be viewed as an evolution of the classic Visual Basic , which is implemented on the .NET Framework... , Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on top of, and integrated with the .NET Framework... , F# |
| name.length | 0 | name.length - 1 | Java Java (programming language) Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities... , JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.... , D D (programming language) The D programming language is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm, system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars. It originated as a re-engineering of C++, but even though it is mainly influenced by that language, it is not a variant of C++... |
| count($name) | 0 | count($name) - 1 | PHP PHP PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document... |
| length(name) | 1 | end | MATLAB MATLAB MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages,... |
| Length(name) | name[0] | name[Length(name)-1] | Object Pascal Object Pascal Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Embarcadero Delphi.-Early history at Apple:... |
| scalar(@name) | $[ | $#name | Perl Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular... |
| @name.elems | 0 | @name.end | Perl 6 Perl 6 Perl 6 is a major revision to the Perl programming language. It is still in development, as a specification from which several interpreter and compiler implementations are being written. It is introducing elements of many modern and historical languages. Perl 6 is intended to have many... |
| name.size | 0 (name.first will also refer to this element) | -1 or name.size - 1 (name.last will also refer to this element) | Ruby Ruby (programming language) Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. Ruby originated in Japan during the mid-1990s and was first developed and designed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto... |
| len(name) | 0 | -1 or len(name) - 1 | Python Python (programming language) Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive... |
| length(name) | 0 | -1 or length(name)-1 | S-Lang |
| (vector-length vector) | 0 | (- (vector-length vector) 1) | Scheme |
| (length name) | 0 | (1- (length name)) | Common Lisp Common Lisp Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 , . From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived for use with web browsers... |
| Array.length name | 0 | Array.length name - 1 | Objective Caml Objective Caml OCaml , originally known as Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996... |
| rangeSize (bounds name) | fst (bounds name) | snd (bounds name) | Haskell Haskell (programming language) Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry. In Haskell, "a function is a first-class citizen" of the programming language. As a functional programming language, the... |
| [name count] | 0 | [name count] - 1 | Objective-C Objective-C Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.Today, it is used primarily on Apple's Mac OS X and iOS: two environments derived from the OpenStep standard, though not compliant with it... ( NSArray * only) |
| #name | 1 | #name | Lua |
| SIZE(name) | LBOUND(name) | UBOUND(name) | Fortran Fortran Fortran is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing... |
| len(name) | 0 | len(name) - 1 | Go Go (programming language) Go is a compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent programming language developed by Google Inc.The initial design of Go was started in September 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Go was officially announced in November 2009. In May 2010, Rob Pike publicly stated that Go was being... |
IndexingArray data typeIn computer science, an array type is a data type that is meant to describe a collection of elements , each selected by one or more indices that can be computed at run time by the program. Such a collection is usually called an array variable, array value, or simply array...
The following list contains Syntax examples on how a single element of an array can be accessed.| Format | Languages |
|---|---|
| name[index] or name[index1, index2] etc | ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 isan imperative computerprogramming language that was conceived as a successor to theALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a... , Pascal Pascal (programming language) Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.A derivative known as Object Pascal... , Object Pascal Object Pascal Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Embarcadero Delphi.-Early history at Apple:... , C#, S-Lang1 |
| name[index] | C C (programming language) C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.... , C++ C++ C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell... , D D (programming language) The D programming language is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm, system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars. It originated as a re-engineering of C++, but even though it is mainly influenced by that language, it is not a variant of C++... , Go Go (programming language) Go is a compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent programming language developed by Google Inc.The initial design of Go was started in September 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Go was officially announced in November 2009. In May 2010, Rob Pike publicly stated that Go was being... , Java Java (programming language) Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities... , ActionScript ActionScript ActionScript is an object-oriented language originally developed by Macromedia Inc. . It is a dialect of ECMAScript , and is used primarily for the development of websites and software targeting the Adobe Flash Player platform, used on Web pages in the form of... 3.0, JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.... , Perl Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular... 1, PHP PHP PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document... , Python Python (programming language) Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive... 1, Ruby Ruby (programming language) Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. Ruby originated in Japan during the mid-1990s and was first developed and designed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto... 1, Lua |
| $name[index] | Perl Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular... 1, PHP PHP PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document... , Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on top of, and integrated with the .NET Framework... 1 |
| @name[index] | Perl 6 Perl 6 Perl 6 is a major revision to the Perl programming language. It is still in development, as a specification from which several interpreter and compiler implementations are being written. It is introducing elements of many modern and historical languages. Perl 6 is intended to have many... |
| name(index) | Ada Ada (programming language) Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages... , Fortran Fortran Fortran is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing... , Visual Basic Visual Basic Visual Basic is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model... , Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET , is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be viewed as an evolution of the classic Visual Basic , which is implemented on the .NET Framework... , RPG, MATLAB MATLAB MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages,... |
| name.(index) | Objective Caml Objective Caml OCaml , originally known as Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996... |
| name.[index] | F# |
| name ! index | Haskell Haskell (programming language) Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry. In Haskell, "a function is a first-class citizen" of the programming language. As a functional programming language, the... |
| (vector-ref name index) | Scheme |
| (aref name index) | Common Lisp Common Lisp Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 , . From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived for use with web browsers... |
| [name objectAtIndex:index] | Objective-C Objective-C Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.Today, it is used primarily on Apple's Mac OS X and iOS: two environments derived from the OpenStep standard, though not compliant with it... ( NSArray * only) |
- The index may be a negative number, indicating the corresponding number of places before the end of the array.
SlicingArray slicingIn computer programming, array slicing is an operation that extracts certain elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly with different number of indices and different index ranges. Two common examples are extracting a substring from a string of characters In computer...
The following list contains Syntax examples on how a range of element of an array can be accessed.In the following table:
- first - the index of the first element in the slice
- last - the index of the last element in the slice
- end - one more than the index of last element in the slice
- len - the length of the slice (= end - first)
| Format | Languages |
|---|---|
| name[first:last] | ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 isan imperative computerprogramming language that was conceived as a successor to theALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a... 1 |
| name[first:end:len] | Python Python (programming language) Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive... 2,4, Go Go (programming language) Go is a compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent programming language developed by Google Inc.The initial design of Go was started in September 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Go was officially announced in November 2009. In May 2010, Rob Pike publicly stated that Go was being... |
| name[first..last] | D D (programming language) The D programming language is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm, system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars. It originated as a re-engineering of C++, but even though it is mainly influenced by that language, it is not a variant of C++... |
| $name[first..last] | Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on top of, and integrated with the .NET Framework... |
| @name[first..last] | Perl Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular... 3 |
| name[first..last] name[first...end] name[first, len] |
Ruby Ruby (programming language) Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. Ruby originated in Japan during the mid-1990s and was first developed and designed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto... 4 |
| name(first..last) | Ada Ada (programming language) Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages... 1 |
| name(first:last) | Fortran Fortran Fortran is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing... 1,2, MATLAB MATLAB MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages,... 1,3 |
| name |
S-Lang1,2,3 |
| name.[first..last] | F# |
| name.slice(first, last) | JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.... |
| array_slice(name, first, len) | PHP PHP PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document... 4 |
| (subseq name first end) | Common Lisp Common Lisp Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 , . From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived for use with web browsers... |
| Array.sub name first len | Objective Caml Objective Caml OCaml , originally known as Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996... |
| [name subarrayWithRange:NSMakeRange(first, len)] | Objective-C Objective-C Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.Today, it is used primarily on Apple's Mac OS X and iOS: two environments derived from the OpenStep standard, though not compliant with it... ( NSArray * only) |
- Slices for multidimensional arrays are also supported and defined similarly.
- Slices of the type
first:last:stepare also supported. - More generally, for 1-d arrays PerlPerlPerl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular...
and S-Lang permit slices of the formarray[indices], whereindicescan be a range such mentioned in footnote 2 or an explicit list of indices, e.g., '[0,9,3,4]', as well as a combination of the two, e.g.,A[0:3],7,9,[11:2:-3]. - last or end may be a negative number, indicating to stop at the corresponding number of places before the end of the array.
Array system cross-reference list
| Programming language Programming language A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.... |
Default Base index | Specifiable Index Type16 | Specifiable Base Index | Bound Check Bounds checking In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before its use. It is particularly relevant to a variable used as an index into an array to ensure its value lies within the bounds of the array... |
Multidimensional | Dynamically-sized | Vectorized Operations Array programming In computer science, array programming languages generalize operations on scalars to apply transparently to vectors, matrices, and higher dimensional arrays.... |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ada Ada (programming language) Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages... |
index type17 | yes | yes | checked | yes | init1 | some, others definable5 |
| ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 ALGOL 68 isan imperative computerprogramming language that was conceived as a successor to theALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a... |
1 | no25 | yes | varies | yes | yes | user definable |
| APL | ? | ? | 0 or 17 | checked | yes | init1 | yes |
| BASIC BASIC BASIC is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use - the name is an acronym from Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.... |
0 | ? | no | checked | no | init1 | ? |
| C C (programming language) C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.... |
0 | no | no26 | unchecked | yes, also array of array2 | init1,4, heap3 | no |
| C++ C++ C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as an intermediate-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell... 5 |
0 | no | no | unchecked | yes, also array of array2 | heap3 | no |
| C# | 0 | no | no | checked | yes | heap3,9 | yes (LINQ LINQ Linq is a word-based card game from Endless Games, introduced at the American International Toy Fair in 2005.Game play requires at least four players, two of whom are dealt cards with the same word, while the others receive blanks. The goal is to gain points by correctly naming the players with... select) |
| COBOL COBOL COBOL is one of the oldest programming languages. Its name is an acronym for COmmon Business-Oriented Language, defining its primary domain in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.... |
1 | ? | no | checked | yes | no14 | ? |
| Common Lisp Common Lisp Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 , . From the ANSI Common Lisp standard the Common Lisp HyperSpec has been derived for use with web browsers... |
0 | ? | no | checked15 | yes | yes | yes (map or map-into) |
| D D (programming language) The D programming language is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm, system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars. It originated as a re-engineering of C++, but even though it is mainly influenced by that language, it is not a variant of C++... |
0 | ? | no | varies11 | yes | yes | ? |
| F# | 0 | no | no | checked | yes | heap3,9 | no |
| FreeBASIC FreeBASIC FreeBASIC is a free/open source , 32-bit BASIC compiler for Microsoft Windows, protected-mode DOS , Linux, FreeBSD and Xbox.... |
0 | no | yes | checked | yes | init1,init21 | ? |
| Fortran Fortran Fortran is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing... |
1 | yes | yes | varies12 | yes | init1, heap3 | yes |
| FoxPro FoxPro ' has two meanings:*Visual FoxPro, an object-oriented programming language and RDBMS, published by Microsoft, for Microsoft Windows*FoxPro 2, a text-based procedural programming language and DBMS, originally published by Fox Software and later by Microsoft, for MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Macintosh,... |
1 | ? | no | checked | yes | yes | ? |
| Go Go (programming language) Go is a compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent programming language developed by Google Inc.The initial design of Go was started in September 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Go was officially announced in November 2009. In May 2010, Rob Pike publicly stated that Go was being... |
0 | no | no | checked | array of array2 | no | no |
| Haskell Haskell (programming language) Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry. In Haskell, "a function is a first-class citizen" of the programming language. As a functional programming language, the... |
none (specified on init) | yes24 | yes | checked | yes, also array of array2 | init1 | ? |
| IDL | 0 | ? | no | checked | yes | yes | yes |
| Java Java (programming language) Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities... 5 |
0 | no | no | checked | array of array2 | init1 | ? |
| JavaScript JavaScript JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.... |
0 | no | no | checked22 | array of array2 | yes | yes |
| Lua | 1 | ? | partial20 | checked | array of array2 | yes | ? |
| MATLAB MATLAB MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages,... |
1 | ? | no | checked | yes8 | yes | yes |
| Oberon Oberon (programming language) Oberon is a programming language created in 1986 by Professor Niklaus Wirth and his associates at ETH Zurich in Switzerland. It was developed as part of the implementation of the Oberon operating system... |
0 | ? | no | checked | yes | no | ? |
| Oberon-2 Oberon-2 Oberon-2 is an extension of the original Oberon programming language that adds limited reflection and object-oriented programming facilities, open arrays as pointer base types, read-only field export and reintroduces the FOR loop from Modula-2.... |
0 | ? | no | checked | yes | yes | ? |
| Objective-C Objective-C Objective-C is a reflective, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.Today, it is used primarily on Apple's Mac OS X and iOS: two environments derived from the OpenStep standard, though not compliant with it... 5 |
0 | no | no | checked | array of array2 | yes | no |
| Objective Caml Objective Caml OCaml , originally known as Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996... |
0 | no | no | checked by default | array of array2 | init1 | ? |
| Pascal Pascal (programming language) Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.A derivative known as Object Pascal... , Object Pascal Object Pascal Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Embarcadero Delphi.-Early history at Apple:... |
index type17 | yes | yes | varies13 | yes | varies10 | some |
| Perl Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular... |
0 | no | yes ($[) |
checked22 | array of array2 | yes | no18 |
| Perl 6 Perl 6 Perl 6 is a major revision to the Perl programming language. It is still in development, as a specification from which several interpreter and compiler implementations are being written. It is introducing elements of many modern and historical languages. Perl 6 is intended to have many... |
0 | no | no | checked22 | yes | yes | yes |
| PHP PHP PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document... |
0 | yes23 | yes23 | checked23 | yes | yes | yes |
| PL/I PL/I PL/I is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and systems programming applications... |
1 | ? | yes | checked | yes | no | ? |
| Python Python (programming language) Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive... |
0 | no | no | checked | array of array2 | yes | no19 |
| RPG | 1 | no | no | ? | no | no | ? |
| Ruby Ruby (programming language) Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that combines syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features. Ruby originated in Japan during the mid-1990s and was first developed and designed by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto... |
0 | no | no | checked22 | array of array2 | yes | ? |
| S-Lang | 0 | ? | no | checked | yes | yes | yes |
| Scheme | 0 | ? | no | checked | array of array2 | init1 | yes (map) |
| Smalltalk Smalltalk Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language. Smalltalk was created as the language to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human–computer symbiosis." It was designed and created in part for educational use, more so for constructionist... 5 |
1 | ? | no | checked | array of array2 | yes6 | ? |
| Visual Basic Visual Basic Visual Basic is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model... |
0 | no | yes | checked | yes | yes | ? |
| Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET Visual Basic .NET , is an object-oriented computer programming language that can be viewed as an evolution of the classic Visual Basic , which is implemented on the .NET Framework... |
0 | no | no | checked | yes | yes | yes (LINQ LINQ Linq is a word-based card game from Endless Games, introduced at the American International Toy Fair in 2005.Game play requires at least four players, two of whom are dealt cards with the same word, while the others receive blanks. The goal is to gain points by correctly naming the players with... select) |
| Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on top of, and integrated with the .NET Framework... |
0 | no | no | checked | yes | heap | ? |
| XPath XPath XPath is a language for selecting nodes from an XML document. In addition, XPath may be used to compute values from the content of an XML document... |
1 | no | no | checked | no | yes | yes |
| Programming language Programming language A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.... |
Default Base index | Specifiable Index Type16 | Specifiable Base Index | Bound Check Bounds checking In computer programming, bounds checking is any method of detecting whether a variable is within some bounds before its use. It is particularly relevant to a variable used as an index into an array to ensure its value lies within the bounds of the array... |
Multidimensional | Dynamically-sized | Vectorized Operations Array programming In computer science, array programming languages generalize operations on scalars to apply transparently to vectors, matrices, and higher dimensional arrays.... |
Vectorized array operations
Some scripting languages such as IDL, MATLABMATLAB
MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages,...
, and S-Lang have
native support for vectorized operations on arrays. For example, to
perform an element by element sum of two arrays, a and b to
produce a third c, it is only necessary to write
c = a + b
Since the implicit inner loops do not occur at the level of the
interpreter, the speed of such vectorized operations can be as fast as
compiled code. In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and
relational operations, these languages also vectorize common
mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an
array, then
y = sin (x)
will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the
corresponding elements of the array x.
Vectorized index operations are also supported. As an example,
even = x0::2;
odd = x1::2;
is how one would use S-Lang create arrays from the even and odd
elements of an array. Another common use of vectorized indices is a
filtering operation. Consider a clipping operation of a sine wave
where amplitudes larger than 0.5 are to be set to 0.5. Using
S-Lang, this may accomplished by
y = sin(x);
y[where(abs(y)>0.5)] = 0.5;