Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli
Encyclopedia
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
an state-owned company that managed forested lands as well as sawmills in the Valdivian Cordillera from 1971 to 1988. CFMP managed more than 360000 ha (889,578.6 acre) in the zones of Panguipulli
Panguipulli, Chile
Panguipulli is city and commune in Valdivia Province, southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Panguipulli. The town is known for its natural beauty and is called "City of roses" . Panguipulli is located on the western edge of Panguipulli Lake, and is on a moraine in the Chilean Central...
, Neltume
Neltume, Chile
Neltume is a Chilean town in Panguipulli commune, of Los Ríos Region. It lies along the 203-CH route to Huahum Pass into Argentina. The town's main economic activities are forestry and, more recently, tourism since the Huilo-Huilo Biological Reserve was created in 1999...
, Liquiñe
Liquiñe
Liquiñe is a town in Liquiñe Valley, in Panguipulli commune, Valdivia Province, Chile. The area around the village is home to South America's densest collection of hot springs. There are literally hundred of sites where geothermal waters flow up out of the earth. The water emerges from the ground...
and Chihuío
Chihuío
Chihuío is a hot spring and hamlet along Curringue River in the Andes of Futrono commune, southern Chile.- Massacre of prisoners :On October 1973, about one month after the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the Chilean Army gathered the prisoners of the police stations of Futrono, Llifén and Chabranco and...
, and had more than two thousand employees.
History
In 1971 after several land occupations in the zone of Neltume informally known as Operación ardillas (Spanish for Operation Squirrels) the government of the UPChile under Allende
Salvador Allende was the president of Chile from 1970 until 1973, and head of the Popular Unity government; he was the first Marxist ever to be elected to the national presidency of a democracy...
expropriated the fundo Carranes from the Sociaded Agrícola y Maderera de Neltume creating the Complejo Maderero Panguipulli merging with it other expropriated lands reaching an area of 360.000 ha
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
of wooded terrain. Property in Liquiñe
Liquiñe
Liquiñe is a town in Liquiñe Valley, in Panguipulli commune, Valdivia Province, Chile. The area around the village is home to South America's densest collection of hot springs. There are literally hundred of sites where geothermal waters flow up out of the earth. The water emerges from the ground...
and Chihuío
Chihuío
Chihuío is a hot spring and hamlet along Curringue River in the Andes of Futrono commune, southern Chile.- Massacre of prisoners :On October 1973, about one month after the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the Chilean Army gathered the prisoners of the police stations of Futrono, Llifén and Chabranco and...
, localities outside the proper Neltume area, were also placed under the Complejo Maderero Panguipulli. In 1972 president Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende Gossens was a Chilean physician and politician who is generally considered the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a country in Latin America....
visited Neltume.
In the mid-1970s Aysén Region
Aysen Region
The XI Aisén Region of General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo , also spelled Aysén, is one of Chile's 15 first order administrative divisions. Although the third largest in area, the region is Chile's most sparsely populated region with a population of 105,000. The capital of the region is Coihaique, the...
's CONAF chief Tomás Monfil
Tomás Monfil
Tomás Monfil was a Chilean forester, and one of the principal persons behind the reforestation program of CONAF in Aysén Region in the 1960s. Monfil contributed to the refosrestation of about in Aysen where forest had previously been burned during the colonization in the early 20th century...
was installed as director of the enterprise. Tomás Monfil started a policy of sustainable development
Sustainable development
Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use, that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come...
and responsible forest management
Forest management
200px|thumb|right|[[Sustainable development|Sustainable]] forest management carried out by [[Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli|Complejo Panguipulli]] has contributed to the preservation of the forested landscape around [[Neltume]], a sawmill town in Chile...
avoiding monoculture
Monoculture
Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing one single crop over a wide area. It is also known as a way of farming practice of growing large stands of a single species. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from...
and substitution of native species. During the military regime Julio Ponce Lerou son-in-law
Son-in-Law
Son-in-Law was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and an influential sire, especially for sport horses.The National Horseracing Museum says that Son-in-Law is "probably the best and most distinguished stayer this country has ever known." Described as "one of the principal influences for stamina in...
of Augusto Pinochet
Augusto Pinochet
Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, more commonly known as Augusto Pinochet , was a Chilean army general and dictator who assumed power in a coup d'état on 11 September 1973...
became president of Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli, a post he held until 1982, and was simultaneously president of CELCO
Celco
Celco is a CRT film recorder manufacturing company. The company has developed xCRT advanced imaging technology that every Celco's recorders are using....
, another forestry company. During its existence Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli faced several problems such as military interventions and participation of its workers in resistance against the Military Regime
Chile under Pinochet
Chile was ruled by a military dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet from 1973 when Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup d'etat until 1990 when the Chilean transition to democracy began. The authoritarian military government was characterized by systematic suppression of political parties and...
, as well as the installment of guerrillas in its lands during the years of 1980-1981.
During the later days of the Pinochet Regime
Chile under Pinochet
Chile was ruled by a military dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet from 1973 when Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup d'etat until 1990 when the Chilean transition to democracy began. The authoritarian military government was characterized by systematic suppression of political parties and...
the neoliberal policies of the Chicago Boys
Chicago Boys
The Chicago Boys were a group of young Chilean economists most of whom trained at the University of Chicago under Milton Friedman and Arnold Harberger, or at its affiliate in the economics department at the Catholic University of Chile...
were applied on a large scale, substantially reducing the state property
State property
State property is property owned by the state anything registered with the "state" becomes 'State property'. Such property may also referred to crown property...
. As a consequence of this, CFMP land was divided and sold under obscure circumstances to Chilean billionaire
Billionaire
A billionaire, in countries that use the short scale number naming system, is a person who has a net worth of at least one billion units of a given currency, usually the United States dollar, Euro, or Pound sterling. Forbes magazine updates a complete list of U.S. dollar billionaires around the...
s, among them Andrónico Luksic
Andrónico Luksic
Antonio Andrónico Luksic Abaroa was a Chilean businessman of Croatian origin and founder of the Luksic Group...
, whose family now owns Fundo Chanchan and Fundo Enco along the Enco River
Enco River
Enco River is a river in Panguipulli commune in southern Chile. By flowing from Panguipulli Lake to Riñihue Lake Enco River carries the water of the six upper lakes of the Seven Lakes area into Riñihue, the last lake in the chain...
and other properties around Neltume. Another wealthy businessman, Víctor Petermann, took control of Fundo Huilo-Huilo and established in 1999 the Huilo-Huilo Biological Reserve
Huilo-Huilo Biological Reserve
Huilo-Huilo Biological Reserve is a private natural reserve and ecotourism project in southern Chile. The reserve was created in 1999 and includes of native forest in Chile dedicated to wildlife conservation and tourism...
dedicated to both ecotourism
Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a form of tourism visiting fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas, intended as a low impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial tourism...
and preservation of biodiversity
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity is in part a function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical regions are typically rich whereas polar regions...
. Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli effectively ceased to exist in 1988.