Content Protection for Recordable Media
Encyclopedia
Content Protection for Recordable Media and Pre-Recorded Media (CPRM/CPPM) is a mechanism for controlling the copying, moving and deletion of digital media on a host device, such as a personal computer, or other digital player. It is a form of Digital Rights Management
(DRM) developed by The 4C Entity
, LLC (consisting of IBM
, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba
).
The CPRM/CPPM Specification defines a renewable cryptographic
method for protecting entertainment content when recorded on physical media. The currently implemented method utilizes the Cryptomeria cipher
(C2) algorithm for symmetric encryption. The types of physical media supported include, but are not limited to, recordable DVD
media and flash memory
(note that the available 0.9 revision includes only the portions of the specification covering DVD media). The most widespread use of CPRM is arguably in Secure Digital card
s.
The CPRM/CPPM Specification was designed to meet the robustness and renewability requirements of content owners while balancing the implementation needs of implementers of the technology. To accomplish these requirements the system defined by the specification relies on key management for interchangeable media, content encryption, and media-based renewability. A controversial proposal to add generic key exchange commands (that could be utilized by CPRM and other Content protection technologies) to ATA specifications for removable hard drives was abandoned after outcry in 2001.
CPRM is widely deployed in the popular Secure Digital card
consumer-electronics flash memory format.
The use of the CPRM specification and access to the intellectual property and cryptographic materials required to implement it requires a license from 4C Entity
, LLC. The license includes a facsimile key for the product which uses CPRM/CPPM technology.
Digital rights management
Digital rights management is a class of access control technologies that are used by hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals with the intent to limit the use of digital content and devices after sale. DRM is any technology that inhibits uses of digital content that...
(DRM) developed by The 4C Entity
4C Entity
The 4C Entity is a consortium formed by IBM, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba to establish a common platform for digital rights management schemes...
, LLC (consisting of IBM
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
).
The CPRM/CPPM Specification defines a renewable cryptographic
Cryptography
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties...
method for protecting entertainment content when recorded on physical media. The currently implemented method utilizes the Cryptomeria cipher
Cryptomeria cipher
The Cryptomeria cipher, also called C2, is a proprietary block cipher defined and licensed by the 4C Entity. It is the successor to CSS algorithm and was designed for the CPRM/CPPM digital rights management scheme which are used by DRM-restricted Secure Digital cards and DVD-Audio discs.- Cipher...
(C2) algorithm for symmetric encryption. The types of physical media supported include, but are not limited to, recordable DVD
DVD
A DVD is an optical disc storage media format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions....
media and flash memory
Flash memory
Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It was developed from EEPROM and must be erased in fairly large blocks before these can be rewritten with new data...
(note that the available 0.9 revision includes only the portions of the specification covering DVD media). The most widespread use of CPRM is arguably in Secure Digital card
Secure Digital card
Secure Digital is a non-volatile memory card format developed by the SD Card Association for use in portable devices. The SD technology is used by more than 400 brands across dozens of product categories and more than 8,000 models, and is considered the de-facto industry standard.Secure Digital...
s.
The CPRM/CPPM Specification was designed to meet the robustness and renewability requirements of content owners while balancing the implementation needs of implementers of the technology. To accomplish these requirements the system defined by the specification relies on key management for interchangeable media, content encryption, and media-based renewability. A controversial proposal to add generic key exchange commands (that could be utilized by CPRM and other Content protection technologies) to ATA specifications for removable hard drives was abandoned after outcry in 2001.
CPRM is widely deployed in the popular Secure Digital card
Secure Digital card
Secure Digital is a non-volatile memory card format developed by the SD Card Association for use in portable devices. The SD technology is used by more than 400 brands across dozens of product categories and more than 8,000 models, and is considered the de-facto industry standard.Secure Digital...
consumer-electronics flash memory format.
The use of the CPRM specification and access to the intellectual property and cryptographic materials required to implement it requires a license from 4C Entity
4C Entity
The 4C Entity is a consortium formed by IBM, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba to establish a common platform for digital rights management schemes...
, LLC. The license includes a facsimile key for the product which uses CPRM/CPPM technology.