Coorg National Council
Encyclopedia
Codava National Council, is a political party
in the India
n state of Karnataka
. Until 2000 the name of CNC was Kodagu Rajya Mukti Morcha (KRMM or Kodagu
State Liberation Front). The CNC is struggling for Codava land autonomous region under the 6th schedule of the Constitution and constitutional special guarantee for Codava (Kodava
) Jamma land and Jamma malai land under Article 370 and 371 of the Constitution,as has been done in relation to the lands of State of J and K and North Eastern states of India, Ethno linguistic tribal minority nationality status to Codavas under Article 340 and 342 of the Constitution, inclusion of Codava Thakk (see Kodava takk
) in the 8th schedule of the Constitution, Constitution special guarantee for Codava customary personal laws and heritage, on the lines of Mizos and Nagas. Also exemption to carry weapons (due to martial traditions similar to Sikhs and Nagas) should be guaranteed under the Constitution of India without any hindrance for ever. The Organisation's President is N. U. Nachappa Codava. Also universal recognition for Codava race and internal political self determination rights for Codavas.
The ancient Kodavas tilled their own lands and owned them in exchange for miliary service. A system of land tenure, known as Jamma, was formerly instituted in Kodagu from the time of the Rajas. Jamma agricultural lands (generally reserved for wet-rice cultivation) were held almost exclusively by Kodavas as a hereditary right, and were both indivisible and inalienable. Importantly, rights over the adjacent forests (bane) were also attached to Jamma tenure, such that relatively expansive agricultural-forestry estates across Kodagu. Importantly, rights over the adjacent forests (bane) were also attached to Jamma tenure, such that relatively expansive agricultural-forestry estates. A unique feature of Jamma tenure is that tree rights remained with the Rajas, and were subsequently transferred to the colonial and post-independence governments and remains an import determinant of land use practices in the district. However this has led to the exploitation of the forest and tree rights by corrupt government officials who disregard these resources.
Kodagu consisted of village habitations and forests. For centuries, the Kodavas have maintain sacred groves (Dev kad/Devara Kadu) in their villages. It was strictly prohibited to hunt or cut trees in these forests, even today traditional Kodavas follow this. However forests other than these Devkad were owned by the community as a whole and hunting game as well as gathering firewood was permitted in them. But with the advent of the British in the 1800s and later people into the region indiscriminate hunting and plantation creation led to the clearance of the sacred groves and community woods. (see main article Kodava
) However even today Kodagu can still claim to have the largest density of sacred groves in all of India. Pathetic roads, severe power cuts, and unavailable drinking water have been very common laments. Despite these problems the people of Kodagu have managed to set up homestays to attract tourists. Whatever prosperity is there hence comes from the citizens and not from the government. However not all Kodavas are prosperous, only a few are in reality; most Kodavas hold very small farmlands and live in debts. Those who live in some parts of Kodagu like in Surlabi are very poor. Kodagu has been the least developed district of Karnataka in terms of Public works.
In 2011 the ministers of Karnataka wanted the UNESCO declared heritage status of 3 environmental western ghat hotspots in Kodagu (Brahmagiri, Talakaveri and Pushpagiri) removed. Power lines and hydro-electric projects planned by Karnataka and Kerala in Kodagu further exploit the resources of the region. These moves would enable the clearance of forests and agricultural lands for greedy, corrupt means. Kodagu being the catchment area of the river Kaveri, the river's water would also deplete due to such indiscriminate forest clearances.
Besides all these, the Kodavas are unheard of outside Karnataka. Originally all Kodavas are from Kodagu and their ancestors were the indigenous people of the land. They remained a separate province until 1956 when Mysore (now Karnataka) took it over under the State Reorganisation Act. Eversince Kannada has been able to influence Kodava completely. Kodava place names were changed into Kannada (like Dev kad which became Devara Kaadu, Peggala became Heggala, etc.) The Kodavas have a very distinct culture and language, despite this they are not recognised as an etno-linguistic minority. Even in terms of government resevration quotas they are neglected.
Districts of the proposed CLAR (Codava Land Autonomous Region;Codavasthan;Coorgland, a traditional geo political entity) along with the Okka (clans) native to those 45 nads (traditional administrative divisions):
NAME OF NAD OKKA NAMES MEN WOMEN
1. SURALABBI NAD Napanda 210 260
(Somwarpet Taluk) Gowdanda 60 80
Muddanda 88 96
Imudiyanda 150 155
Thambukuttira 160 165
Appuda 71 74
Addanda 73 77
Odiganda 45 60
Medura 129 140
Chamera 101 112
Kocchera 112 106
Ajjamakkada 33 37
Sedumudira 44 52
Motanalira 67 65
Kannikanda 200 250
Pudiyathanda 60 75
Odiyanda 152 182
Minnanda 140 138
Sarkanda 30 39
Kakera 34 37
Cholachanda 47 53
Bedakanda 43 40
Hosoklura 40 42
2.MANIKERI Nad Nanneravanda 53 74
(Madikeri Taluk) Nandineravanda 212 240
Aiyanda 89 98
Chetranda 85 102
Ponnachettira 112 122
3.PALERI NAD Aiyakuttira 74 81
Somwarpet taluk Oddachettira 45 50
Ukkerianda 31 45
Bijjanda 65 60
Sabbuda 29 34
Padiyattira 48 53
Muddura 60 67
Moolemanera 25 29
Kotera 70 71
4.MUTHUNAD Chandira 65 69
Madikeri Taluk Karera 88 102
Kokkalera 109 113
Siddanda 65 67
Jaddamandanda 41 47
Appura 43 45
Tulunadanda 47 54
Chennapanda 113 118
Ailapanda 99 104
Nandalapanda 47 63
5.PORAMALE NAD Aiyaraniyanda 45 54
(Madikeri Taluk) Badalera 33 34
Pandira 60 64
Pillanda 30 39
Ammachimaniyanda 27 27
Ponnappanda 32 31
Nellapattira 43 46
6.BADIGERI NAD Nandira 66 71
Madikeri Taluk Shantheyanda 88 93
Kalachanda 114 101
Kalachettira 43 41
Pandikuthira 27 32
Madlanda 33 27
7.GADINAD Pasura 85 89
Somwarpet Taluk Uduvera 86 91
Bakthanda 33 30
Bachalira 27 29
Mandeyanda 41 43
Kibrera 37 39
Bachinadanda 56 66
Poreyanda 37 39
Maruvanda 34 36
Bairajanda 21 29
Naganda 47 53
Morkhanda 49 63
Aarudda 35 35
Cheekanda 41 47
Motanalira 60 62
Uddinadanda 30 31
Geejaganda 46 47
Kullodanda 19 23
JATTIRA 12 20
8.AMMANJUTHINAD Bommanda 60 61
Virajpet Taluk Kongera 24 27
Kechanda 30 38
Monnikanda 40 43
Kancherira 60 64
9.CHANGANAD Kadira 33 37
Somwarpet taluk` Ningerira 12 14
Moodanda 30 33
Bheemanda 31 31
Motanda 29 32
Pattimada 12 13
Chettolira 14 18
10. EDAVANAD Hanchettira 45 47
Somwarpet taluk Senera 12 12
Settira 18 21
Sadmaniyanda 17 16
Daddera 15 17
Mallajira 22 27
11.THAVUNAD Napulira 70 75
Madikeri taluk Paravanda 71 80
Dudranda 82 80
Koleyanda 65 67
Mapira 70 76
Baloda 40 42
Kottkathira 60 63
Allangada 35 37
Anjanda 24 27
Mangerira 17 22
Mudraniyanda 30 38
12.BENGNAD Kalmadanda 100 107
Madikeri taluk Ajjinanda 70 77
Pattamada 80 87
Cheeyabera 35 40
Kipaadanda 33 30
Bollarpanda 41 42
Kunchettira 45 53
Mepadanda 24 24
Indanda 26 29
Bacharaniyanda 120 136
Kimmudira 40 41
Bolandanda 63 63
Baddira 64 70
Apadanda 37 39
Koopadira 45 60
Palangetira 32 34
Thotathammanda 19 21
Byrettira 60 67
Kekada 40 40
Mandapanda 44 46
Podanolanda 47 48
Bodanda 31 29
Poovadera 27 26
Boppadthanda 31 32
Chadiyanda 27 26
Oddolera 35 36
13. KUYYANGERI NAD Kuttetira 73 71
Madikeri taluk Thelapanda 70 74
Chowrira 160 165
Vanchira 70 74
Neravanda 160 179
Ayyuda 24 26
Mukkatira 70 68
Acheda 30 32
Mundotira 41 40
Jabbanda 43 42
Munjandira 39 44
Mandaneravanda 55 57
Podavada 40 44
Paikera 41 43
Poopanda 40 46
Podeyanda 39 41
Chowndira 45 46
Chimmanda 39 45
Chelmanda 38 43
Mandherita 39 41
14.KANTHAMUNAD Keekanda 31 42
Madikeri taluk Olpuchira 33 36
Porikera 45 48
Kunjilanda 40 40
Baduvanda 80 83
Thirkacherira 30 31
Madeyanda 31 31
Ammatanda 101 99
Bachettira 70 73
Thirtera 37 38
Kotera 88 89
Almachanda 60 63
Avaremadanda 77 77
Kikkerianda 30 34
Pandanda 200 220
Devandira 40 49
Pudiokkada 60 68
Mukkatira 47 47
Pothera 28 38
Pothanda 30 31
Kembadathanda 43 43
Paleyanda 61 64
Bonira 18 21
Chindulira 17 23
Bariyanda 31 34
15.NELLIAPUDIKERI NAD Kukkera 75 80
Somwarpet taluk 50% Sadera 30 37
Madikeri taluk 50% Achakalera 20 26
Kadumanda 40 43
Nandetira 42 44
Thathapanda 21 25
Changadamakkada 20 23
Thondiyanda 37 48
Paccharanda 39 39
16. PORENAL NAD Kechetira 60 63
Madikeri taluk Lakkapanda 18 19
Madetira 30 31
Coravanda 43 41
Mukkatira 66 68
Ajjiranda 30 38
Changrandira 37 41
17.HOROOR MUDGERI NAD Pullera 41 51
Somwarpet taluk Jaggaranda 45 49
Kechira 30 32
18.ULUGULI MODGERI NAD Dasanda 45 47
Somwarpet taluk Chikkanda 30 38
Nagasettira 41 44
Mollera 130 132
19.KAGGODU NAD Bollianda 60 62
Madikeri taluk Manduda 30 31
Mandovanda 32 32
Kannachanda 27 29
Thennira 40 45
Manjira 27 37
Mukkatira 60 61
Kolumadanda 66 67
Kotera 44 47
20.NOORAKNAD Cholapanda 30 38
Somwarpet taluk Putterira 61 66
Kongetira 70 78
Ballaranda 40 41
Porimanda 30 39
Mullanda 33 37
Batra 27 26
Adikera 40 49
Boppattira 35 38
21.THALERI NAD Balyandamada 45 60
Virajpet taluk Kaibilira 70 78
Chimmanamada 73 77
Madira 60 67
Mukkatira 200 230
Chimmunira 70 76
Machamada 200 232
Jokamada 45 46
Thabbangada 43 48
Thabbalera 41 46
Thadiyangada 47 51
Theethira 200 250
Chindamada 38 41
Noorera 40 43
Poyilengada 32 37
Bachira 45 60
Bojjangada 60 62
Mannera 43 48
Mallamada 41 39
Maramada 50 52
Mayanamada 61 70
Changulangada 75 78
Mandamada 45 55
Mundumada 38 50
Andamada 40 38
22.ANJIGERI NAD Ajjikuttira 260 270
Virajpet taluk Chakkera 265 268
Mandangada 60 63
Kolera 245 240
Ittira 170 172
Kodaangada 40 45
Bayavanda 60 63
Pottengada 48 49
Hottengada 47 47
Banangada 40 52
Mallanda 50 51
Bananda 51 49
Byranda 38 37
Chodumada 60 69
Kirundanda 38 40
Kakamada 70 75
Ganangada 40 42
Gadanda 43 40
Chendimada 50 58
Mandachanda 38 39
Guddamada 36 40
Kallengada 41 53
23.MARENAD Arngipanera 40 43
Virajpet taluk Annira 50 59
Mallengada 70 100
Nellira 150 151
Balyameederira 78 76
Meederira 62 68
Kuppudira 78 79
Kayapanda 73 78
Uluvangada 50 57
Chonira 46 46
24.KURCHI THORENAD Ajjamada 200 199
Virajpet taluk Kaipalera 43 40
Chettangada 44 46
Chettanimada 39 39
Chotteyandamada 40 41
Kunhimada 39 41
Manira 41 45
Kattera 65 68
Ipumada 38 38
25. PATHKATNAD Machangada 90 100
Virajpet taluk Machimada 100 129
Puchimada 85 100
Kandera 70 76
Cheriyanda 41 43
Chottekmada 53 49
Kechamada 44 47
Kottengada 43 47
Kunhimada 40 39
Kottanda 45 48
Kechetira 38 45
Muddiada 60 65
Addengada 78 86
Adengada 100 120
Thirunellimada 40 52
Cheniyapanda 45 47
26. BOTTIATH NAD Nellamada 41 40
Virajpet taluk Puchanda 42 53
Kookanda 39 49
Atrangada 48 53
Kuttandira 34 46
Kadyamada 120 123
Chottekalapanda 31 48
Kokkanda 48 60
Koppira 65 64
Mukkatira 49 57
Maneyappanda 200 250
Kelapanda 78 87
Chendira 60 58
Chemmatira 41 55
Madrira 100 120
Jammada 200 220
Matharanda 81 82
Mookalera 37 46
27.KUTHNAD Immandira 60 68
Virajpet taluk Ammekanda 63 67
Mullengada 42 48
Mukalemada 34 36
Kademada 200 221
Kalengada 220 225
Karthura 35 38
Chandura 36 38
Ballanamada 49 63
Pandimada 40 66
Theethamada 43 74
Gummatira 70 71
Theethimada 71 73
Cheranda 119 126
Namera 60 67
28.AIVATH NAD Karthamada 250 260
Virajpet taluk Kalakanda 70 83
Chennira 38 51
Kallera 39 48
Bollera 100 107
Chottanda 47 65
Chottangada 80 85
Bottangada 250 260
29.THODANAD Pemmanamada 47 53
Virajpet taluk Mallangada 88 104
Kattengada 37 51
Allumada 38 39
Dekamada 31 43
Deyanda 33 41
Deyira 33 47
Gudiyangada 29 35
Chattamada 42 56
Kottangada 48 53
Mallapanera 36 36
Kachapanera 33 39
Kallangada 60 69
Kotraganda 63 65
Kotramada 67 67
30. BERALI NAD Mookachanda 46 46
Virajpet taluk Balladichanda 120 127
Appanderanda 80 88
Nambudumada 60 69
Konganda 170 182
Kanjithanda 180 187
Kuppanda 150 157
Kolathanda 70 72
Kenjangada 40 42
Mechanda 75 78
Chemira 60 62
Thathira 38 43
Mangera 36 53
Muruvanda 90 98
Malanda 70 75
31.PERAVANAD Nanamanda 36 43
Virajpet taluk Nayada 80 83
Mukkatira 70 76
Chonamada 28 43
Chendrimada 200 212
Guddanda 220 225
Puchimanda 60 61
Pudiyanda 37 38
Machettira 58 73
Kambiranda 200 218
Buttianda 207 214
Boppanda 86 89
32.POONAD Annalamada 75 78
Virajpet taluk Cheyanda 38 46
Keekanamada 70 79
Keekira 60 68
Kalimada 140 156
33.KANGALATH NAD Sannuvanda 100 106
Virajpet taluk Bolajira 38 46
Appattira 36 47
Kalapanda 70 78
Koniyanda 35 36
Benjanda 38 39
Chiriyapanda 100 107
34.ARKERI NAD Paruvangada 150 156
Virajpet taluk Kokkengada 140 150
Podamada 135 149
Derapanda 35 40
Devappanda 34 43
Kayamada 37 38
Thanachira 29 40
Maaneppanda 26 36
35.KIRUNAL NAD Pullangada 100 117
Virajpet taluk Kodengada 70 73
Alamengada 100 126
Aramanamada 120 129
Kopattira 31 32
Kollimada 80 85
Kokkalemada 70 76
Malachira 100 123
Cheppudira 220 221
Ballimada 57 59
Ponnimada 56 60
Theetharamada 61 68
Bachamada 80 85
Bachangada 37 38
Chettimada 40 39
Chullimada 39 43
Sullimada 46 46
Cheeranda 36 39
Chandangada 21 38
Kallichanda 150 57
Alemada 100 107
Kiriyamada 100 117
Macchiyanda 43 62
Mekathanda 55 57
36.EDENALNAD Mukkatira 121 127
Virajpet taluk Puggera 120 128
Chendanda 200 215
Ichanda 50 55
Ulliyada 70 75
Mandepanda 250 260
Coluvanda 150 159
Mundachalira 100 107
Mookonda 70 72
Allapanda 150 153
Chembanda 100 115
Ajjinikanda 200 205
Chomeyanda 96 97
Porkovanda 70 75
Balliamanda 40 47
Thathanda 50 57
Balekuttira 45 47
Bollachanda 70 74
Kundachira 75 77
Kundira 70 79
Kundranda 50 51
Machapanda 55 56
Chotteyanda 20 28
Balluda 15 20
37.UMMATH NAD Inanda 200 209
Virajpet taluk Madapanda 50 56
Kollira 70 78
Pandiyanda 70 76
Pudrimada 50 53
Mukkatira 100 111
Kavadichanda 60 61
Kunjanda 40 48
Mandeda 80 89
Chillavanda 50 59
Devanira 70 73
Baduvamanda 60 64
Nellachanda 50 51
Nellamakkada 100 121
Mookovanda 60 67
Kuttanda 200 212
Machimanda 101 121
38.BOTOLINAD Ammanakuttanda 70 73
Virajpet taluk Pattada 150 155
Vaterira 70 78
Puliyanda 200 207
Chokanda 55 58
Chovanda 50 53
Ammanichanda 75 78
Konerira 70 72
Achapanda 70 71
Bolliapanda 37 38
Poreyara 30 29
Karthachira 50 53
Karnanda 70 73
Kuppachira 65 67
Keethiyanda 150 161
Kottianda 40 47
Chandapanda 70 76
Battakalanda 60 61
Kanathanda 70 75
Kabbachira 80 81
Kaalamanda 66 64
39.BEPPUNAD Ammeyanda 60 67
Virajpet Taluk 50% Ammandira 50 59
Madikeri taluk 50% Mathanda 200 213
Kallira 70 75
Palanganda 200 207
Ichodiyanda 70 76
Berera 55 58
Kongiranda 50 53
Kangira 55 56
Ballatikalanda 100 112
Kodira 200 223
Palachanda 100 121
Cholanda 50 55
Allapira 50 55
Ballachanda 300 320
Mukkatira 500 499
Mandetira 150 165
Ichettira 200 221
Mevada 80 85
Mullera 56 58
Moolera 57 58
Poolanda 70 75
Kotera 66 69
Maddanda 60 55
Buduvanda 70 55
Ballianda 78 77
Changanda 67 69
Charmanda 39 45
Codanda 250 271
Chappanda 66 65
Kuimanda 69 71
Alamanda 100 111
Nayakanda 250 258
Kumbiyanda 60 68
Koothanda 200 221
Kullachanda 75 79
Chonanda 65 68
Ponjanda 100 105
Palecanda 200 243
Poyetira 60 65
Changulanda 150 155
Pemmanda 100 102
Maletira 250 260
Kuliayakanda 55 58
Annerkanda 75 78
Chathanda 50 55
Kethanda 65 64
Cheeyandira 60 62
40.BYRANAD Macharanda 150 155
Virajpet taluk Mukkatira 100 103
Kethira 55 57
Kethiyanda 67 66
Mekerira 67 69
Machetira 76 78
Uddapanda 66 68
Charimanda 75 78
41.KADIYATHNAD Karineravanda 120 125
Madikeri taluk Nambiyappanda 75 78
Chonchira 60 65
Palengada 70 75
Palera 60 65
Bepadiyanda 75 78
Ithichanda 100 101
Mukkatira 150 161
Kadira 55 58
Biddanda 300 340
Palandira 100 107
Balliatanda 75 79
Bellathanda 75 76
Cheriyatanda 50 60
Mundyolanda 100 121
Bolakaranda 120 127
Bovveriyanda 125 130
Vallanda 75 80
Pattacheravanda 150 155
Moodera 120 125
Kannanda 150 165
Thothiyanda 50 40
Chenanda 160 170
Meriyanda 130 135
Cheyyanda 60 65
Kolira 29 35
Cheruvalanda 80 90
Kummanda 75 78
Nadikerianda 150 168
Annadiyanda 70 75
Macchanda 75 72
Marichanda 60 50
Choyamadanda 55 58
Nidumanda 60 67
Patrapanda 100 105
Appaneravanda 150 155
Bolthanda 100 121
Elthanda 70 72
Bollanda 75 78
Bollachettira 100 115
Padeyanda 66 56
Naaliyanda 100 109
Vanjanda 66 65
Kaddaniyanda 50 51
Badumanda 150 155
Myndapanda 55 60
Nerpanda 55 56
Battiyanda 56 53
Chavanda 50 56
Mandathanda 60 65
Periyanda 75 73
Chottera 101 100
Kochamanda 65 64
Ponnachanda 60 65
42.PADINAD Battira 55 57
Madikeri taluk Ponnolthanda 150 165
Apparanda 270 280
Padiyanda 50 55
Allaranda 60 68
Kaliyanda 278 279
Kalyatanda 170 176
Bachamanda 80 83
Anjaparavanda 150 157
Nambadammanda 65 67
Udiyanda 120 125
Bidderianda 56 58
Apperiyanda 61 62
Boliyadira 70 77
Kodimaniyanda 175 180
Karthanda 61 63
Natolanda 100 105
Madanda 100 116
Aiyaneravanda 43 45
Mechiyanda 70 72
Karavattira 60 63
Badakada 60 65
Kambeyanda 75 78
Ketolira 100 106
Areyada 200 212
43.NELJI NAD Chettiyaranda 55 56
Madikeri taluk Mukkatira 75 78
Appumaniyanda 65 70
Mekmaniyanda 67 69
Baleyada 80 84
Bayada 55 60
Manavattira 300 350
Kotera 100 120
Badanjettira 56 57
Cheeyakapoovanda 150 155
Mundanda 200 220
Appachettolanda 120 125
Monnanda 110 108
Moovera 175 180
Maadeyanda 78 80
Mandira 100 111
Tholanda 100 108
Napaneravanda 76 77
Paleyada 68 66
44.BALLATH NAD Karavanda 60 66
Madikeri taluk Chirotira 55 59
Pebbattira 65 66
Machuda 50 56
Thekkabottolanda 75 80
Bottolanda 150 153
Appachira 75 77
Chengettira 55 56
Nuchimaniyanda 100 117
Thapanda 66 68
Pemmudianda 76 73
45.NOORAMBADA NAD Kulletira 170 173
Madikeri taluk Keletira 100 105
Chokira 70 76
Ajjetira 100 102
Kuttanjettira 80 89
Kanambira 65 68
Kundyolanda 100 109
Kandanda 101 108
Biddatanda 125 120
Thirodira 76 73
Kallengada 65 68
Chicholiyanda 55 58
Shivachaliyanda 76 78
Katumaniyanda 65 67
Ballanda 55 53
Kondira 70 69
Boppera 65 67
Bollepanda 78 80
Kanganda 85 88
59418 62984
Men: 59418
Women: 62984
Total: 1,22,402
CNC has been demanding an Autonomous Hill Council on the lines of Ladakh and Darjeeling.
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n state of Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
. Until 2000 the name of CNC was Kodagu Rajya Mukti Morcha (KRMM or Kodagu
Kodagu
Kodagu , also known by its anglicised former name of Coorg, is an administrative district in Karnataka, India. It occupies an area of in the Western Ghats of southwestern Karnataka. As of 2001, the population was 548,561, 13.74% of which resided in the district's urban centres, making it the least...
State Liberation Front). The CNC is struggling for Codava land autonomous region under the 6th schedule of the Constitution and constitutional special guarantee for Codava (Kodava
Kodava
The Kodavas are a patrilineal ethno-lingual group from the region of Kodagu, in Karnataka state of southern India who traditionally were land-owning agriculturists with martial traditions and natively speak Kodava takk...
) Jamma land and Jamma malai land under Article 370 and 371 of the Constitution,as has been done in relation to the lands of State of J and K and North Eastern states of India, Ethno linguistic tribal minority nationality status to Codavas under Article 340 and 342 of the Constitution, inclusion of Codava Thakk (see Kodava takk
Kodava Takk
Kodava Takk or Kodava takka, is the original language of the south Karnataka district of Kodagu. The language is often called Kodava or Coorg language in English. The number of speakers is estimated at up to about 500,000. It is the primary language of Kodavas, but a large portion of other...
) in the 8th schedule of the Constitution, Constitution special guarantee for Codava customary personal laws and heritage, on the lines of Mizos and Nagas. Also exemption to carry weapons (due to martial traditions similar to Sikhs and Nagas) should be guaranteed under the Constitution of India without any hindrance for ever. The Organisation's President is N. U. Nachappa Codava. Also universal recognition for Codava race and internal political self determination rights for Codavas.
The ancient Kodavas tilled their own lands and owned them in exchange for miliary service. A system of land tenure, known as Jamma, was formerly instituted in Kodagu from the time of the Rajas. Jamma agricultural lands (generally reserved for wet-rice cultivation) were held almost exclusively by Kodavas as a hereditary right, and were both indivisible and inalienable. Importantly, rights over the adjacent forests (bane) were also attached to Jamma tenure, such that relatively expansive agricultural-forestry estates across Kodagu. Importantly, rights over the adjacent forests (bane) were also attached to Jamma tenure, such that relatively expansive agricultural-forestry estates. A unique feature of Jamma tenure is that tree rights remained with the Rajas, and were subsequently transferred to the colonial and post-independence governments and remains an import determinant of land use practices in the district. However this has led to the exploitation of the forest and tree rights by corrupt government officials who disregard these resources.
Kodagu consisted of village habitations and forests. For centuries, the Kodavas have maintain sacred groves (Dev kad/Devara Kadu) in their villages. It was strictly prohibited to hunt or cut trees in these forests, even today traditional Kodavas follow this. However forests other than these Devkad were owned by the community as a whole and hunting game as well as gathering firewood was permitted in them. But with the advent of the British in the 1800s and later people into the region indiscriminate hunting and plantation creation led to the clearance of the sacred groves and community woods. (see main article Kodava
Kodava
The Kodavas are a patrilineal ethno-lingual group from the region of Kodagu, in Karnataka state of southern India who traditionally were land-owning agriculturists with martial traditions and natively speak Kodava takk...
) However even today Kodagu can still claim to have the largest density of sacred groves in all of India. Pathetic roads, severe power cuts, and unavailable drinking water have been very common laments. Despite these problems the people of Kodagu have managed to set up homestays to attract tourists. Whatever prosperity is there hence comes from the citizens and not from the government. However not all Kodavas are prosperous, only a few are in reality; most Kodavas hold very small farmlands and live in debts. Those who live in some parts of Kodagu like in Surlabi are very poor. Kodagu has been the least developed district of Karnataka in terms of Public works.
In 2011 the ministers of Karnataka wanted the UNESCO declared heritage status of 3 environmental western ghat hotspots in Kodagu (Brahmagiri, Talakaveri and Pushpagiri) removed. Power lines and hydro-electric projects planned by Karnataka and Kerala in Kodagu further exploit the resources of the region. These moves would enable the clearance of forests and agricultural lands for greedy, corrupt means. Kodagu being the catchment area of the river Kaveri, the river's water would also deplete due to such indiscriminate forest clearances.
Besides all these, the Kodavas are unheard of outside Karnataka. Originally all Kodavas are from Kodagu and their ancestors were the indigenous people of the land. They remained a separate province until 1956 when Mysore (now Karnataka) took it over under the State Reorganisation Act. Eversince Kannada has been able to influence Kodava completely. Kodava place names were changed into Kannada (like Dev kad which became Devara Kaadu, Peggala became Heggala, etc.) The Kodavas have a very distinct culture and language, despite this they are not recognised as an etno-linguistic minority. Even in terms of government resevration quotas they are neglected.
Districts of the proposed CLAR (Codava Land Autonomous Region;Codavasthan;Coorgland, a traditional geo political entity) along with the Okka (clans) native to those 45 nads (traditional administrative divisions):
NAME OF NAD OKKA NAMES MEN WOMEN
1. SURALABBI NAD Napanda 210 260
(Somwarpet Taluk) Gowdanda 60 80
Muddanda 88 96
Imudiyanda 150 155
Thambukuttira 160 165
Appuda 71 74
Addanda 73 77
Odiganda 45 60
Medura 129 140
Chamera 101 112
Kocchera 112 106
Ajjamakkada 33 37
Sedumudira 44 52
Motanalira 67 65
Kannikanda 200 250
Pudiyathanda 60 75
Odiyanda 152 182
Minnanda 140 138
Sarkanda 30 39
Kakera 34 37
Cholachanda 47 53
Bedakanda 43 40
Hosoklura 40 42
2.MANIKERI Nad Nanneravanda 53 74
(Madikeri Taluk) Nandineravanda 212 240
Aiyanda 89 98
Chetranda 85 102
Ponnachettira 112 122
3.PALERI NAD Aiyakuttira 74 81
Somwarpet taluk Oddachettira 45 50
Ukkerianda 31 45
Bijjanda 65 60
Sabbuda 29 34
Padiyattira 48 53
Muddura 60 67
Moolemanera 25 29
Kotera 70 71
4.MUTHUNAD Chandira 65 69
Madikeri Taluk Karera 88 102
Kokkalera 109 113
Siddanda 65 67
Jaddamandanda 41 47
Appura 43 45
Tulunadanda 47 54
Chennapanda 113 118
Ailapanda 99 104
Nandalapanda 47 63
5.PORAMALE NAD Aiyaraniyanda 45 54
(Madikeri Taluk) Badalera 33 34
Pandira 60 64
Pillanda 30 39
Ammachimaniyanda 27 27
Ponnappanda 32 31
Nellapattira 43 46
6.BADIGERI NAD Nandira 66 71
Madikeri Taluk Shantheyanda 88 93
Kalachanda 114 101
Kalachettira 43 41
Pandikuthira 27 32
Madlanda 33 27
7.GADINAD Pasura 85 89
Somwarpet Taluk Uduvera 86 91
Bakthanda 33 30
Bachalira 27 29
Mandeyanda 41 43
Kibrera 37 39
Bachinadanda 56 66
Poreyanda 37 39
Maruvanda 34 36
Bairajanda 21 29
Naganda 47 53
Morkhanda 49 63
Aarudda 35 35
Cheekanda 41 47
Motanalira 60 62
Uddinadanda 30 31
Geejaganda 46 47
Kullodanda 19 23
JATTIRA 12 20
8.AMMANJUTHINAD Bommanda 60 61
Virajpet Taluk Kongera 24 27
Kechanda 30 38
Monnikanda 40 43
Kancherira 60 64
9.CHANGANAD Kadira 33 37
Somwarpet taluk` Ningerira 12 14
Moodanda 30 33
Bheemanda 31 31
Motanda 29 32
Pattimada 12 13
Chettolira 14 18
10. EDAVANAD Hanchettira 45 47
Somwarpet taluk Senera 12 12
Settira 18 21
Sadmaniyanda 17 16
Daddera 15 17
Mallajira 22 27
11.THAVUNAD Napulira 70 75
Madikeri taluk Paravanda 71 80
Dudranda 82 80
Koleyanda 65 67
Mapira 70 76
Baloda 40 42
Kottkathira 60 63
Allangada 35 37
Anjanda 24 27
Mangerira 17 22
Mudraniyanda 30 38
12.BENGNAD Kalmadanda 100 107
Madikeri taluk Ajjinanda 70 77
Pattamada 80 87
Cheeyabera 35 40
Kipaadanda 33 30
Bollarpanda 41 42
Kunchettira 45 53
Mepadanda 24 24
Indanda 26 29
Bacharaniyanda 120 136
Kimmudira 40 41
Bolandanda 63 63
Baddira 64 70
Apadanda 37 39
Koopadira 45 60
Palangetira 32 34
Thotathammanda 19 21
Byrettira 60 67
Kekada 40 40
Mandapanda 44 46
Podanolanda 47 48
Bodanda 31 29
Poovadera 27 26
Boppadthanda 31 32
Chadiyanda 27 26
Oddolera 35 36
13. KUYYANGERI NAD Kuttetira 73 71
Madikeri taluk Thelapanda 70 74
Chowrira 160 165
Vanchira 70 74
Neravanda 160 179
Ayyuda 24 26
Mukkatira 70 68
Acheda 30 32
Mundotira 41 40
Jabbanda 43 42
Munjandira 39 44
Mandaneravanda 55 57
Podavada 40 44
Paikera 41 43
Poopanda 40 46
Podeyanda 39 41
Chowndira 45 46
Chimmanda 39 45
Chelmanda 38 43
Mandherita 39 41
14.KANTHAMUNAD Keekanda 31 42
Madikeri taluk Olpuchira 33 36
Porikera 45 48
Kunjilanda 40 40
Baduvanda 80 83
Thirkacherira 30 31
Madeyanda 31 31
Ammatanda 101 99
Bachettira 70 73
Thirtera 37 38
Kotera 88 89
Almachanda 60 63
Avaremadanda 77 77
Kikkerianda 30 34
Pandanda 200 220
Devandira 40 49
Pudiokkada 60 68
Mukkatira 47 47
Pothera 28 38
Pothanda 30 31
Kembadathanda 43 43
Paleyanda 61 64
Bonira 18 21
Chindulira 17 23
Bariyanda 31 34
15.NELLIAPUDIKERI NAD Kukkera 75 80
Somwarpet taluk 50% Sadera 30 37
Madikeri taluk 50% Achakalera 20 26
Kadumanda 40 43
Nandetira 42 44
Thathapanda 21 25
Changadamakkada 20 23
Thondiyanda 37 48
Paccharanda 39 39
16. PORENAL NAD Kechetira 60 63
Madikeri taluk Lakkapanda 18 19
Madetira 30 31
Coravanda 43 41
Mukkatira 66 68
Ajjiranda 30 38
Changrandira 37 41
17.HOROOR MUDGERI NAD Pullera 41 51
Somwarpet taluk Jaggaranda 45 49
Kechira 30 32
18.ULUGULI MODGERI NAD Dasanda 45 47
Somwarpet taluk Chikkanda 30 38
Nagasettira 41 44
Mollera 130 132
19.KAGGODU NAD Bollianda 60 62
Madikeri taluk Manduda 30 31
Mandovanda 32 32
Kannachanda 27 29
Thennira 40 45
Manjira 27 37
Mukkatira 60 61
Kolumadanda 66 67
Kotera 44 47
20.NOORAKNAD Cholapanda 30 38
Somwarpet taluk Putterira 61 66
Kongetira 70 78
Ballaranda 40 41
Porimanda 30 39
Mullanda 33 37
Batra 27 26
Adikera 40 49
Boppattira 35 38
21.THALERI NAD Balyandamada 45 60
Virajpet taluk Kaibilira 70 78
Chimmanamada 73 77
Madira 60 67
Mukkatira 200 230
Chimmunira 70 76
Machamada 200 232
Jokamada 45 46
Thabbangada 43 48
Thabbalera 41 46
Thadiyangada 47 51
Theethira 200 250
Chindamada 38 41
Noorera 40 43
Poyilengada 32 37
Bachira 45 60
Bojjangada 60 62
Mannera 43 48
Mallamada 41 39
Maramada 50 52
Mayanamada 61 70
Changulangada 75 78
Mandamada 45 55
Mundumada 38 50
Andamada 40 38
22.ANJIGERI NAD Ajjikuttira 260 270
Virajpet taluk Chakkera 265 268
Mandangada 60 63
Kolera 245 240
Ittira 170 172
Kodaangada 40 45
Bayavanda 60 63
Pottengada 48 49
Hottengada 47 47
Banangada 40 52
Mallanda 50 51
Bananda 51 49
Byranda 38 37
Chodumada 60 69
Kirundanda 38 40
Kakamada 70 75
Ganangada 40 42
Gadanda 43 40
Chendimada 50 58
Mandachanda 38 39
Guddamada 36 40
Kallengada 41 53
23.MARENAD Arngipanera 40 43
Virajpet taluk Annira 50 59
Mallengada 70 100
Nellira 150 151
Balyameederira 78 76
Meederira 62 68
Kuppudira 78 79
Kayapanda 73 78
Uluvangada 50 57
Chonira 46 46
24.KURCHI THORENAD Ajjamada 200 199
Virajpet taluk Kaipalera 43 40
Chettangada 44 46
Chettanimada 39 39
Chotteyandamada 40 41
Kunhimada 39 41
Manira 41 45
Kattera 65 68
Ipumada 38 38
25. PATHKATNAD Machangada 90 100
Virajpet taluk Machimada 100 129
Puchimada 85 100
Kandera 70 76
Cheriyanda 41 43
Chottekmada 53 49
Kechamada 44 47
Kottengada 43 47
Kunhimada 40 39
Kottanda 45 48
Kechetira 38 45
Muddiada 60 65
Addengada 78 86
Adengada 100 120
Thirunellimada 40 52
Cheniyapanda 45 47
26. BOTTIATH NAD Nellamada 41 40
Virajpet taluk Puchanda 42 53
Kookanda 39 49
Atrangada 48 53
Kuttandira 34 46
Kadyamada 120 123
Chottekalapanda 31 48
Kokkanda 48 60
Koppira 65 64
Mukkatira 49 57
Maneyappanda 200 250
Kelapanda 78 87
Chendira 60 58
Chemmatira 41 55
Madrira 100 120
Jammada 200 220
Matharanda 81 82
Mookalera 37 46
27.KUTHNAD Immandira 60 68
Virajpet taluk Ammekanda 63 67
Mullengada 42 48
Mukalemada 34 36
Kademada 200 221
Kalengada 220 225
Karthura 35 38
Chandura 36 38
Ballanamada 49 63
Pandimada 40 66
Theethamada 43 74
Gummatira 70 71
Theethimada 71 73
Cheranda 119 126
Namera 60 67
28.AIVATH NAD Karthamada 250 260
Virajpet taluk Kalakanda 70 83
Chennira 38 51
Kallera 39 48
Bollera 100 107
Chottanda 47 65
Chottangada 80 85
Bottangada 250 260
29.THODANAD Pemmanamada 47 53
Virajpet taluk Mallangada 88 104
Kattengada 37 51
Allumada 38 39
Dekamada 31 43
Deyanda 33 41
Deyira 33 47
Gudiyangada 29 35
Chattamada 42 56
Kottangada 48 53
Mallapanera 36 36
Kachapanera 33 39
Kallangada 60 69
Kotraganda 63 65
Kotramada 67 67
30. BERALI NAD Mookachanda 46 46
Virajpet taluk Balladichanda 120 127
Appanderanda 80 88
Nambudumada 60 69
Konganda 170 182
Kanjithanda 180 187
Kuppanda 150 157
Kolathanda 70 72
Kenjangada 40 42
Mechanda 75 78
Chemira 60 62
Thathira 38 43
Mangera 36 53
Muruvanda 90 98
Malanda 70 75
31.PERAVANAD Nanamanda 36 43
Virajpet taluk Nayada 80 83
Mukkatira 70 76
Chonamada 28 43
Chendrimada 200 212
Guddanda 220 225
Puchimanda 60 61
Pudiyanda 37 38
Machettira 58 73
Kambiranda 200 218
Buttianda 207 214
Boppanda 86 89
32.POONAD Annalamada 75 78
Virajpet taluk Cheyanda 38 46
Keekanamada 70 79
Keekira 60 68
Kalimada 140 156
33.KANGALATH NAD Sannuvanda 100 106
Virajpet taluk Bolajira 38 46
Appattira 36 47
Kalapanda 70 78
Koniyanda 35 36
Benjanda 38 39
Chiriyapanda 100 107
34.ARKERI NAD Paruvangada 150 156
Virajpet taluk Kokkengada 140 150
Podamada 135 149
Derapanda 35 40
Devappanda 34 43
Kayamada 37 38
Thanachira 29 40
Maaneppanda 26 36
35.KIRUNAL NAD Pullangada 100 117
Virajpet taluk Kodengada 70 73
Alamengada 100 126
Aramanamada 120 129
Kopattira 31 32
Kollimada 80 85
Kokkalemada 70 76
Malachira 100 123
Cheppudira 220 221
Ballimada 57 59
Ponnimada 56 60
Theetharamada 61 68
Bachamada 80 85
Bachangada 37 38
Chettimada 40 39
Chullimada 39 43
Sullimada 46 46
Cheeranda 36 39
Chandangada 21 38
Kallichanda 150 57
Alemada 100 107
Kiriyamada 100 117
Macchiyanda 43 62
Mekathanda 55 57
36.EDENALNAD Mukkatira 121 127
Virajpet taluk Puggera 120 128
Chendanda 200 215
Ichanda 50 55
Ulliyada 70 75
Mandepanda 250 260
Coluvanda 150 159
Mundachalira 100 107
Mookonda 70 72
Allapanda 150 153
Chembanda 100 115
Ajjinikanda 200 205
Chomeyanda 96 97
Porkovanda 70 75
Balliamanda 40 47
Thathanda 50 57
Balekuttira 45 47
Bollachanda 70 74
Kundachira 75 77
Kundira 70 79
Kundranda 50 51
Machapanda 55 56
Chotteyanda 20 28
Balluda 15 20
37.UMMATH NAD Inanda 200 209
Virajpet taluk Madapanda 50 56
Kollira 70 78
Pandiyanda 70 76
Pudrimada 50 53
Mukkatira 100 111
Kavadichanda 60 61
Kunjanda 40 48
Mandeda 80 89
Chillavanda 50 59
Devanira 70 73
Baduvamanda 60 64
Nellachanda 50 51
Nellamakkada 100 121
Mookovanda 60 67
Kuttanda 200 212
Machimanda 101 121
38.BOTOLINAD Ammanakuttanda 70 73
Virajpet taluk Pattada 150 155
Vaterira 70 78
Puliyanda 200 207
Chokanda 55 58
Chovanda 50 53
Ammanichanda 75 78
Konerira 70 72
Achapanda 70 71
Bolliapanda 37 38
Poreyara 30 29
Karthachira 50 53
Karnanda 70 73
Kuppachira 65 67
Keethiyanda 150 161
Kottianda 40 47
Chandapanda 70 76
Battakalanda 60 61
Kanathanda 70 75
Kabbachira 80 81
Kaalamanda 66 64
39.BEPPUNAD Ammeyanda 60 67
Virajpet Taluk 50% Ammandira 50 59
Madikeri taluk 50% Mathanda 200 213
Kallira 70 75
Palanganda 200 207
Ichodiyanda 70 76
Berera 55 58
Kongiranda 50 53
Kangira 55 56
Ballatikalanda 100 112
Kodira 200 223
Palachanda 100 121
Cholanda 50 55
Allapira 50 55
Ballachanda 300 320
Mukkatira 500 499
Mandetira 150 165
Ichettira 200 221
Mevada 80 85
Mullera 56 58
Moolera 57 58
Poolanda 70 75
Kotera 66 69
Maddanda 60 55
Buduvanda 70 55
Ballianda 78 77
Changanda 67 69
Charmanda 39 45
Codanda 250 271
Chappanda 66 65
Kuimanda 69 71
Alamanda 100 111
Nayakanda 250 258
Kumbiyanda 60 68
Koothanda 200 221
Kullachanda 75 79
Chonanda 65 68
Ponjanda 100 105
Palecanda 200 243
Poyetira 60 65
Changulanda 150 155
Pemmanda 100 102
Maletira 250 260
Kuliayakanda 55 58
Annerkanda 75 78
Chathanda 50 55
Kethanda 65 64
Cheeyandira 60 62
40.BYRANAD Macharanda 150 155
Virajpet taluk Mukkatira 100 103
Kethira 55 57
Kethiyanda 67 66
Mekerira 67 69
Machetira 76 78
Uddapanda 66 68
Charimanda 75 78
41.KADIYATHNAD Karineravanda 120 125
Madikeri taluk Nambiyappanda 75 78
Chonchira 60 65
Palengada 70 75
Palera 60 65
Bepadiyanda 75 78
Ithichanda 100 101
Mukkatira 150 161
Kadira 55 58
Biddanda 300 340
Palandira 100 107
Balliatanda 75 79
Bellathanda 75 76
Cheriyatanda 50 60
Mundyolanda 100 121
Bolakaranda 120 127
Bovveriyanda 125 130
Vallanda 75 80
Pattacheravanda 150 155
Moodera 120 125
Kannanda 150 165
Thothiyanda 50 40
Chenanda 160 170
Meriyanda 130 135
Cheyyanda 60 65
Kolira 29 35
Cheruvalanda 80 90
Kummanda 75 78
Nadikerianda 150 168
Annadiyanda 70 75
Macchanda 75 72
Marichanda 60 50
Choyamadanda 55 58
Nidumanda 60 67
Patrapanda 100 105
Appaneravanda 150 155
Bolthanda 100 121
Elthanda 70 72
Bollanda 75 78
Bollachettira 100 115
Padeyanda 66 56
Naaliyanda 100 109
Vanjanda 66 65
Kaddaniyanda 50 51
Badumanda 150 155
Myndapanda 55 60
Nerpanda 55 56
Battiyanda 56 53
Chavanda 50 56
Mandathanda 60 65
Periyanda 75 73
Chottera 101 100
Kochamanda 65 64
Ponnachanda 60 65
42.PADINAD Battira 55 57
Madikeri taluk Ponnolthanda 150 165
Apparanda 270 280
Padiyanda 50 55
Allaranda 60 68
Kaliyanda 278 279
Kalyatanda 170 176
Bachamanda 80 83
Anjaparavanda 150 157
Nambadammanda 65 67
Udiyanda 120 125
Bidderianda 56 58
Apperiyanda 61 62
Boliyadira 70 77
Kodimaniyanda 175 180
Karthanda 61 63
Natolanda 100 105
Madanda 100 116
Aiyaneravanda 43 45
Mechiyanda 70 72
Karavattira 60 63
Badakada 60 65
Kambeyanda 75 78
Ketolira 100 106
Areyada 200 212
43.NELJI NAD Chettiyaranda 55 56
Madikeri taluk Mukkatira 75 78
Appumaniyanda 65 70
Mekmaniyanda 67 69
Baleyada 80 84
Bayada 55 60
Manavattira 300 350
Kotera 100 120
Badanjettira 56 57
Cheeyakapoovanda 150 155
Mundanda 200 220
Appachettolanda 120 125
Monnanda 110 108
Moovera 175 180
Maadeyanda 78 80
Mandira 100 111
Tholanda 100 108
Napaneravanda 76 77
Paleyada 68 66
44.BALLATH NAD Karavanda 60 66
Madikeri taluk Chirotira 55 59
Pebbattira 65 66
Machuda 50 56
Thekkabottolanda 75 80
Bottolanda 150 153
Appachira 75 77
Chengettira 55 56
Nuchimaniyanda 100 117
Thapanda 66 68
Pemmudianda 76 73
45.NOORAMBADA NAD Kulletira 170 173
Madikeri taluk Keletira 100 105
Chokira 70 76
Ajjetira 100 102
Kuttanjettira 80 89
Kanambira 65 68
Kundyolanda 100 109
Kandanda 101 108
Biddatanda 125 120
Thirodira 76 73
Kallengada 65 68
Chicholiyanda 55 58
Shivachaliyanda 76 78
Katumaniyanda 65 67
Ballanda 55 53
Kondira 70 69
Boppera 65 67
Bollepanda 78 80
Kanganda 85 88
59418 62984
Men: 59418
Women: 62984
Total: 1,22,402
- VirajpetVirajpetThe town of Virajpet is the second town of the district of Kodagu, in Karnataka. It is the main town of the Virajpet taluka, in the south of the district. The name is an abbreviation of Virarajendrapete after the former ruler of Kodagu, Virarajendra, and this latter form is still sometimes used.It...
District- Virajpet taluk
- Pollibetta taluk
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taluk - Ponnampet taluk
- Srimangla taluk
- Madikeri District
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taluk - Madikeri taluk
- Murnad taluk
- Jodupala taluk
- Napoklu taluk
- BhagamandalaBhagamandalaBhagamandala is a pilgrimage place in Kodagu, Karnataka, in India. It is situated on the river Kaveri in its upstream stretches. At this place, the Kaveri is joined by two tributaries, the Kannike and the mythical Sujyoti river...
taluk
- Suntikoppa
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District - SomwarpetSomwarpetSomwarpet is a panchayat town in Kodagu district in the Indian state of Karnataka...
District- Somwarpet taluk
- ShanivarsantheShanivarsantheShanivarsanthe/Sanivarsanthe is a small town in Kodagu district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is one of the town of Somwarpet taluka, in the north-east of the district....
taluk
CNC has been demanding an Autonomous Hill Council on the lines of Ladakh and Darjeeling.