Core fonts for the Web
Encyclopedia
Core fonts for the Web was a project begun by Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...

 in 1996 to make a standard pack of fonts for the Internet. It was terminated in 2002. It included the proprietary
Proprietary software
Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...

 fonts Andale Mono
Andale Mono
Andalé Mono is a monospaced sans-serif typeface designed by Steve Matteson for terminal emulation and software development environments, originally for the Taligent project by Apple Inc. and IBM...

, Arial
Arial
Arial, sometimes marketed or displayed in software as Arial MT, is a sans-serif typeface and set of computer fonts. Fonts from the Arial family are packaged with Microsoft Windows, some other Microsoft software applications, Apple Mac OS X and many PostScript 3 computer printers...

, Arial Black, Comic Sans MS
Comic Sans
Comic Sans MS is a casual script typeface modeled on fonts used in American comic books for several decades. Sans is short for sans-serif. The modern Comic Sans was designed by Vincent Connare and released in 1994 by Microsoft Corporation...

, Courier New, Georgia
Georgia (typeface)
Georgia is a transitional serif typeface designed in 1993 by Matthew Carter and hinted by Tom Rickner for the Microsoft Corporation, as the serif companion to the first Microsoft sans serif screen font, Verdana. Microsoft released the initial version of the font on November 1, 1996 as part of the...

, Impact
Impact (typeface)
Impact is a realist sans-serif typeface designed by Geoffrey Lee in 1965 and released by the Stephenson Blake foundry. Its ultra-thick strokes, compressed letterspacing, and minimal interior counterform are specifically aimed, as its name suggests, to "impact". Impact has a high x-height, reaching...

, Times New Roman, Trebuchet MS
Trebuchet MS
Trebuchet MS is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Vincent Connare for the Microsoft Corporation in 1996. It is named after the trebuchet, a medieval catapult...

, Verdana
Verdana
Verdana is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Matthew Carter for Microsoft Corporation, with hand-hinting done by Thomas Rickner, then at Monotype. Demand for such a typeface was recognized by Virginia Howlett of Microsoft's typography group...

 and Webdings
Webdings
Webdings is a TrueType dingbat font developed in 1997 and included in all versions of Microsoft Windows since that time. Most of the glyphs have no Unicode character equivalents.-New York City:...

, all of them in TrueType
TrueType
TrueType is an outline font standard originally developed by Apple Computer in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe's Type 1 fonts used in PostScript...

 font format packaged in executable files (".exe") for Microsoft Windows and in BinHexed Stuff-It archives (".sit.hqx") for Macintosh. These packages were published as a freeware
Freeware
Freeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee, but usually with one or more restricted usage rights. Freeware is in contrast to commercial software, which is typically sold for profit, but might be distributed for a business or commercial purpose in the...

 under a proprietary license imposing some restrictions on usage and distribution. They are still available from some third-party websites. The project included some of the latest TrueType versions of the fonts available in 2002. Updated versions of the fonts released in following years were not published as a freeware and are usually available only after purchasing a license or as a part of some commercial products.

Overview

The fonts were licensed to Microsoft by Monotype Corporation
Monotype Corporation
Monotype Imaging Holdings is a Delaware corporation based in Woburn, Massachusetts and specializing in typesetting and typeface design as well as text and imaging solutions for use with consumer electronics devices. Monotype Imaging Holdings is the owner of Monotype Imaging Inc., Linotype,...

 or designed for Microsoft by Microsoft's own font designers or external designers. The fonts were designed to:
  • Be highly legible on screen;
  • Offer a wide range of typographic “timbres” within a small number of typefaces; and
  • Support extensive internationalisation.


These design goals and the fonts' broad availability have made some of them extremely popular with web designers. However, these proprietary fonts (or some of them) are not distributed with some modern operating systems by default (e.g. in Android, Ubuntu
Ubuntu (operating system)
Ubuntu is a computer operating system based on the Debian Linux distribution and distributed as free and open source software. It is named after the Southern African philosophy of Ubuntu...

, FreeBSD
FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via BSD UNIX. Although for legal reasons FreeBSD cannot be called “UNIX”, as the direct descendant of BSD UNIX , FreeBSD’s internals and system APIs are UNIX-compliant...

, OpenSolaris
OpenSolaris
OpenSolaris was an open source computer operating system based on Solaris created by Sun Microsystems. It was also the name of the project initiated by Sun to build a developer and user community around the software...

 or some Symbian
Symbian
Symbian is a mobile operating system and computing platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Accenture. The Symbian platform is the successor to Symbian OS and Nokia Series 60; unlike Symbian OS, which needed an additional user interface system, Symbian includes a user...

 versions) and they are substituted by other fonts (e.g. by free software
Free software
Free software, software libre or libre software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with restrictions that only ensure that further recipients can also do...

 fonts, such as Liberation fonts
Liberation fonts
Liberation is the collective name of four TrueType font families: Liberation Sans, Liberation Sans Narrow, Liberation Serif and Liberation Mono...

, Ghostscript fonts, Droid fonts
Droid (font)
Droid is a font family created by Ascender Corporation for use by the Open Handset Alliance platform Android and licensed under the Apache License. The fonts are intended for use on the small screens of mobile handsets and were designed by Steve Matteson of Ascender Corporation...

, DejaVu fonts
DejaVu fonts
The DejaVu fonts are modifications of the Bitstream Vera fonts designed for greater coverage of Unicode, as well as providing more styles. The Bitstream Vera family was limited mainly to the characters in the Basic Latin and Latin-1 Supplement portions of Unicode but was released with a license...

 and others). All of these fonts in their latest versions are installed by default in latest versions of Mac OS X (e.g. Mac OS X 10.4 and newer), but older versions of Mac OS X did not install some of them by default (e.g. Andale Mono, Impact) and old versions of Mac OS also did not include many of them (e.g. Arial). Some of these fonts are also not installed by default in iOS (e.g. Andale Mono, Comic Sans MS, Impact, Webdings).

While the project has formally ended, the benefits of using broadly available fonts remain: to increase the likelihood that content will be displayed in chosen font or in a metric-compatible alternative.
In addition to the Core fonts for the Web, some newer fonts, such as those packaged with Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, OpenOffice.org or other software could form a new canon of core fonts. Broader web browser
Web browser
A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content...

 adoption of the web fonts
Web fonts
Web typography refers to the use of fonts on the World Wide Web. When HTML was first created, font faces and styles were controlled exclusively by the settings of each Web browser. There was no mechanism for individual Web pages to control font display until Netscape introduced the tag in 1995,...

 specification may ultimately render the notion of core fonts obsolete by allowing the real-time downloading and display of specific fonts.

Program termination and software licence agreement issues

The project was terminated in August 2002, allegedly due to frequent EULA violations. A Microsoft spokesman declared in 2002 that "Microsoft has also found that the downloads were being abused — repackaged, modified and shipped with commercial products in violation of the EULA." "Most users who wanted the fonts have downloaded them already." However, that same EULA allows redistribution if the packages are kept in their original format (.exe or .sit.hqx) and original filenames (e.g. times32.exe) and not used to add value
Value added
In economics, the difference between the sale price and the production cost of a product is the value added per unit. Summing value added per unit over all units sold is total value added. Total value added is equivalent to Revenue less Outside Purchases...

 to commercial products. As a result, these packages are still available for download on third-party websites under the terms of the original web fonts end user license agreement.

The EULA referenced below also requires that a copy be applied to transferees. The EULA is therefore directly linked to on, for example, the documentation page for the Sourceforge "corefonts" download package. If a third party offering the fonts for download does not offer a copy of the EULA, the legal status of such a download is questionable. However, a copy of the EULA is obtainable via the FAQ maintained on Microsoft's typography website and from some other third-party websites.

For Windows
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal...

, the fonts are provided as self-extracting executable
Executable
In computing, an executable file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a data file that must be parsed by a program to be meaningful. These instructions are traditionally machine code instructions for a physical CPU...

s (.exe); each includes an embedded cabinet file
Cabinet (file format)
In computing, CAB is the Microsoft Windows native compressed archive format. It supports compression and digital signing, and is used in a variety of Microsoft installation engines: Setup API, Device Installer, AdvPack and Windows Installer.Though Cabinet was originally called Diamond, its .CAB...

 that contains a font file in TrueType format (.ttf). For the Macintosh, the files are provided as BinHex
BinHex
BinHex, short for "binary-to-hexadecimal", is a binary-to-text encoding system that was used on the Mac OS for sending binary files through e-mail. It is similar to Uuencode, but combined both "forks" of the Mac file system together, along with extended file information...

ed Stuff-It
StuffIt
StuffIt is a family of computer software utilities for archiving and compressing files on the Macintosh and Microsoft Windows platforms: it was originally produced for the Macintosh. An old version for Linux and Sun Solaris 2.7 or later is also available...

 archives (.sit.hqx). It is not allowed to rename, edit or create any derivative works from the executables (e.g. arial32.exe) or archives (Arial.sit.hqx), other than subsetting when embedding them in documents. The fonts can be installed and used on non-Windows or non-Macintosh operating systems, so long as they are distributed in original form (original .exe files or .sit.hqx files) and with original name (e.g. arial32.exe). A cabinet file can be extracted in end-user's system with an appropriate software, if such a software is available.

The latest fonts versions that were available from Microsoft's Core fonts for the Web project were 2.x (e.g. 2.82 for Arial, Times New Roman and Courier New for MS Windows), published in 2000. Later versions (such as version 3 or version 5 with many new characters) were not available from this project. A Microsoft spokesman declared in 2002 that members of the open source community "will have to find different sources for updated fonts… Although the EULA did not restrict the fonts to just Windows and Mac OS they were only ever available as Windows .exe's and Mac archive files."

Even though the fonts are available from some third-party web sites (such as an anonymous SourceForge project) and are included with Mac OS, Håkon Wium Lie
Håkon Wium Lie
Håkon Wium Lie is a web pioneer, a standards activist, and, , the Chief Technology Officer of Opera Software.He is best known for proposing the concept of Cascading Style Sheets while working with Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau at CERN in 1994. As an employee at W3C, he developed CSS into a...

 (Chief technical officer
Chief technical officer
A chief technology officer is an executive-level position in a company or other entity whose occupant is focused on scientific and technological issues within an organization....

 of Opera Software
Opera Software
Opera Software ASA is a Norwegian software company, primarily known for its Opera family of web browsers with over 220 million users worldwide. Opera Software is also involved in promoting Web standards through participation in the W3C. The company has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway and is...

) cited the cancellation of the project as an example of Microsoft resisting interoperability
Interoperability
Interoperability is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together . The term is often used in a technical systems engineering sense, or alternatively in a broad sense, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to...

.

In July 2007, Apple announced that it had renewed its licensing agreement with Microsoft for the use of the latest versions of Microsoft Windows core fonts.

Files

The TrueType core fonts for the Web project included the following files under a proprietary license:
Filename Name Variants Latest font's version available from Microsoft's Core fonts for the Web project Copyright
arial32.exe Arial
Arial
Arial, sometimes marketed or displayed in software as Arial MT, is a sans-serif typeface and set of computer fonts. Fonts from the Arial family are packaged with Microsoft Windows, some other Microsoft software applications, Apple Mac OS X and many PostScript 3 computer printers...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.82 Monotype Corporation
Arial.sit.hqx Arial for Apple Mac OS regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.90 Monotype Corporation
courie32.exe Courier New for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000 regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.82 Monotype Corporation
CourierNew.sit.hqx Courier New for Apple Mac OS regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.61 Monotype Corporation
times32.exe Times New Roman for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000 regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.82 Monotype Corporation
TimesNew.sit.hqx Times New Roman for Apple Mac OS regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.91 Monotype Corporation
arialb32.exe Arial Black for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000 extra bold version 2.35 Monotype Corporation
ariblk.exe Arial Black for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 extra bold version 2.20 Monotype Corporation
ArialBlack.sit.hqx Arial Black for Apple Mac OS extra bold version 2.35 Monotype Corporation
andale32.exe Andale Mono
Andale Mono
Andalé Mono is a monospaced sans-serif typeface designed by Steve Matteson for terminal emulation and software development environments, originally for the Taligent project by Apple Inc. and IBM...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
regular version 2.00 Monotype Corporation
mtcom.exe Monotype.com for Windows 3.1 and 3.11
(later versions released as Andale Mono)
regular version 1.10 Monotype Corporation
andalemono.sit.hqx Andale Mono for Apple Mac OS regular version 2.00 Monotype Corporation
comic32.exe Comic Sans MS for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000 regular, bold version 2.10 Microsoft Corporation
comic.exe Comic Sans MS for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 regular, bold version 1.20 Microsoft Corporation
ComicSans.sit.hqx Comic Sans MS for Apple Mac OS regular, bold version 2.10 Microsoft Corporation
impact32.exe Impact
Impact (typeface)
Impact is a realist sans-serif typeface designed by Geoffrey Lee in 1965 and released by the Stephenson Blake foundry. Its ultra-thick strokes, compressed letterspacing, and minimal interior counterform are specifically aimed, as its name suggests, to "impact". Impact has a high x-height, reaching...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
regular version 2.35 Monotype Corporation
impact.exe Impact for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 regular version 2.20 Monotype Corporation
Impact.sit.hqx Impact for Apple Mac OS regular version 2.35 Monotype Corporation
georgi32.exe Georgia
Georgia (typeface)
Georgia is a transitional serif typeface designed in 1993 by Matthew Carter and hinted by Tom Rickner for the Microsoft Corporation, as the serif companion to the first Microsoft sans serif screen font, Verdana. Microsoft released the initial version of the font on November 1, 1996 as part of the...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.05 Microsoft Corporation
georgia.exe Georgia for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 1.00 Microsoft Corporation
Georgia.sit.hqx Georgia for Apple Mac OS regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.05 Microsoft Corporation
trebuc32.exe Trebuchet MS
Trebuchet MS
Trebuchet MS is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Vincent Connare for the Microsoft Corporation in 1996. It is named after the trebuchet, a medieval catapult...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 1.22 Microsoft Corporation
trebuc.exe Trebuchet MS for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 1.00 Microsoft Corporation
Trebuchet.sit.hqx Trebuchet MS for Apple Mac OS regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 1.15 Microsoft Corporation
verdan32.exe Verdana
Verdana
Verdana is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Matthew Carter for Microsoft Corporation, with hand-hinting done by Thomas Rickner, then at Monotype. Demand for such a typeface was recognized by Virginia Howlett of Microsoft's typography group...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.35 Microsoft Corporation
verdana.exe Verdana for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 1.01 Microsoft Corporation
Verdana.sit.hqx Verdana for Apple Mac OS regular, bold, italic, bold italic version 2.35 Microsoft Corporation
webdin32.exe Webdings
Webdings
Webdings is a TrueType dingbat font developed in 1997 and included in all versions of Microsoft Windows since that time. Most of the glyphs have no Unicode character equivalents.-New York City:...

 for Windows 9x, NT and Windows 2000
symbol version 1.03 Microsoft Corporation
webdings.exe Webdings for Windows 3.1 and 3.11 symbol version 1.01 Microsoft Corporation

Successors

In Windows Vista
Windows Vista
Windows Vista is an operating system released in several variations developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs...

 and Microsoft Office 2007
Microsoft Office 2007
Microsoft Office 2007 is a Windows version of the Microsoft Office System, Microsoft's productivity suite. Formerly known as Office 12 in the initial stages of its beta cycle, it was released to volume license customers on November 30, 2006 and made available to retail customers on January 30, 2007...

, Microsoft introduced ClearType
ClearType
ClearType is a trademark for Microsoft's implementation of subpixel rendering technology. ClearType attempts to improve the appearance of text on certain types of computer display screens by sacrificing color fidelity for additional intensity variation. This trade-off is asserted to work well on...

 Font Collection, which consists of 6 font families: Calibri
Calibri
Calibri is a humanist sans-serif typeface family under the Microsoft ClearType Font Collection.In Microsoft Office 2007, it replaced Times New Roman as the default typeface in Word and replaced Arial as the default in PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook, and WordPad...

, Cambria
Cambria (typeface)
Cambria is part of the suite of fonts that comes with Microsoft Windows Vista, Windows 7, Microsoft Office 2007, Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac and Microsoft Office 2011 for Mac, specifically designed for on-screen reading and to be aesthetically pleasing when printed at small sizes. It is a...

, Candara
Candara
Candara is a humanist sans-serif typeface, which is bundled with Microsoft Windows Vista and Windows 7. Candara’s verticals show both entasis and ekstasis on opposite sides of stems, high-branching arcades in the lowercase, large apertures in all open forms, and unique ogee curves on diagonals.The...

, Consolas
Consolas
Consolas is a monospaced typeface, designed by Lucas de Groot. It is a part of a new suite of fonts that take advantage of Microsoft's ClearType font rendering technology. It comes with Microsoft's Windows Vista, Windows 7, Microsoft Office 2007 and Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, and is available...

, Constantia
Constantia (typeface)
Constantia is part of the suite of typefaces that come with Microsoft Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Office 2007. The development began in 2003....

, Corbel
Corbel (typeface)
Corbel is a sans-serif typeface designed by Jeremy Tankard for Microsoft and released in 2005. It is a part of the new suite of fonts that come with Microsoft Windows Vista developed to take advantage of ClearType to improve the reading experience in Windows Vista and Office 2007.Corbel is designed...

. Version 1 of the fonts can be found in Microsoft's free Office 2007 viewers and converters, while version 5.00 of the fonts are shipped with Vista. However, these fonts are not widely used on web sites or widely accepted as successors of Core fonts for the Web.

Cariadings, the only Symbol encoded font in the ClearType Font Collection, was initially announced to be available with Vista, but is unavailable in the final Vista release. The font is available commercially from Ascender for $20.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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