Cornville, Arizona
Encyclopedia
Cornville is a census-designated place
(CDP) in Yavapai County
, Arizona
, United States
. The population was 3,335 at the 2000 census. The Cornville CDP includes the communities of Cornville and Page Springs.
Cornville and Page Springs are rapidly-growing suburban areas that serve as bedroom communities for nearby Sedona
and Cottonwood, Arizona
. Both communities are located along scenic Oak Creek, a tributary of the Verde River
. Lower Oak Creek has been designated an Important Bird Area by the National Audubon Society
. Page Springs hosts the large
Page Springs fish hatchery, operated by Arizona Game and Fish. Adjacent to the hatchery are creekside hiking trails and bird-watching areas.
Cornville's best known resident is U.S. Senator and 2008 Republican Presidential candidate John McCain
. McCain's home in the community, referred to in the media as his "Sedona Cabin," is where he and his running-mate, Alaska governor Sarah Palin
, prepared for their debates.
Cornville has a Greater Cornville Community Association http://www.greatercornville.org/ which meets monthly.
. The Sinagua had disappeared from the abandoned buildings at nearby Montezuma Castle National Monument
by the early 15th century. Some Hopi
clans claim descent from these Sinagua.
The earliest recorded written history of the area finds it occupied by the Yavapai people
. Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo
passed through what is now Cornville on May 7 or 8, 1583 on his way to what would later become Jerome, Arizona
. The Yavapai were quite friendly with the explorers, apparently regarding them as supernatural or godlike. Later expeditions over the next 25 years entered the region but with increasing hostility from the native American peoples which may stem in part from the advent of the Apache
and Navajo people
in the region. Failure to find mineral resources profitably extractable according to the standards of the day, and the distance from other Spanish settlements caused the Spaniards to cease exploration of the area. By the time the Mountain Men began to arrive in the late 1820s and settlers began to arrive again in the 1860s the people of the Cornville area were a mixed community of Apache (Dil-ze'e) and Yavapai (Wipukepaya), though the Apache are thought to have been more numerous on the east side of the Verde River. The area that is now lower Oak Creek was more or less on the border of the area occupied by the Dil-ze'e Chein-chii-ii (or Red Rock Clan) and Yaa-go-gain (White Land Clan) The US army gathered the Yavapai and Apache people in the area and in 1875 removed them in a tragic and brutal march and exile to the San Carlos Reservation in Eastern Arizona, but many Dilze'e remained in hiding in the Lower Oak Creek and adjoining White Hills area As late as 1876, numerous Dil-ze'e still lived on or near Lower Oak Creek. Relations between settlers and indigenous peoples in the Verde Valley were essentially peaceful from that point on and with the rapid increase in settlers along Oak Creek, although there were "Indian scares" into the 1880s mostly in connection with conflicts elswhere: In the words of settler W. A. Jordan, in about 1880 "The settlers were in no danger from this band of hunters [that he had just met between Clarkdale and Cornville], but they were so wrought up over the stories of massacres and murders that the Indians themselves were in the greatest danger." There was resistance among part though not all of the settler population to ending the prohibition on the return or the Dil-ze'e and Yavapai from San Carlos. Most remaining or Dil-ze'e and Yavapai lost hope of abiding peacefully and unmolested amidst increasing numbers of settlers and left to join returnees from the San Carlos Reservation in nearby communities in Camp Verde and Clarkdale. They did continue for many years to hunt throughout the valley and to gather food in the traditional ways
The first settlers in the Lower Oak Creek
area were Captain Andrew Jackson, a retired Confederate officer from Virginia, and his wife, Margaret, who arrived in the spring of 1876. Several other families including the Dickinsons, Munds, Copples, Pages Mullhollands and Tiptons had followed by the autumn of that year or the spring of 1877. The settlers quickly built an irrigation ditch serving farms on the west side of Oak Creek.
As to the adoption of the name of "Cornville", "At a meeting of Verde Valley pioneers, one of them said it was the intention to name it Cohnville, for a family named Cohn that lived there. When the papers came back from Washington, they had read it Cornville, so the settlers accepted the name." --Letter, L.J. Putsch, early Forest Ranger. However, there was no family name Cohn or Kohn in the Cornville area in 1880 according to the United States Census of 1880. However, there was a Mr. Cone who together with his partner a Mr. Houghton had purchased a proved homestead in what is now Page Springs from Benjamin Coppel in 1878, farmed a year and then rented the property to a family from Arkansas. Both Mr. Cone and Mr. Houghton sold their interests in the ranch to James Page in about 1880. The Cornville post office was established May 11, 1887 and Samuel Dickinson was postmaster until 1907 and it is therefore likely was the one who made application for the name "Cornville" for whatever reason. With the decline in the profitability of cattle and the Great Depression, much of Cornville was reduced to subsistence or near subsistence agriculture in the first half of 20th century though some families ranched the surrounding grazing lands while others went to work in the mines and smelters of Jerome, Clarkdale and Cottonwood when work was available. The town remained almost entirely agricultural until the late 1960s when numbers of retirees and residents who commute to work in nearby towns began to increase dramatically.
The community of Verde Santa Fe was founded in 1995. It is a home golf course community located in Cornville, along State Route 89A, between Cottonwood and Sedona. The community consists of nearly 1,000 homes in ten subdivisions.
In addition to Senator McCain, other notable residents of the area over the years have included rancher Frank Gyberg, sculptor John Henry Waddell and the late St Louis Rams owner Georgia Frontiere
.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the CDP has a total area of 13.2 square miles (34.2 km²), all of it land.
of 2000, there were 3,335 people, 1,311 households, and 895 families residing in the CDP. The population density
was 252.1 people per square mile (97.3/km²). There were 1,441 housing units at an average density of 108.9/sq mi (42.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.22% White
, 0.39% Black
or African American
, 0.84% Native American
, 0.60% Asian
, 0.06% Pacific Islander
, 2.70% from other races
, and 2.19% from two or more races. 9.12% of the population were Hispanic
or Latino
of any race.
There were 1,311 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples
living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,992, and the median income for a family was $42,333. Males had a median income of $31,567 versus $21,653 for females. The per capita income
for the CDP was $16,500. About 11.0% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Dilzhe’e Gathering Practice(s) Due to Federal Control of the Landscape
http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p036/rmrs_p036_277_281.pdf
Westerners (1975)
Census-designated place
A census-designated place is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns and villages...
(CDP) in Yavapai County
Yavapai County, Arizona
-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*89.3% White*0.6% Black*1.7% Native American*0.8% Asian*0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*2.5% Two or more races*5.0% Other races*13.6% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...
, Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 3,335 at the 2000 census. The Cornville CDP includes the communities of Cornville and Page Springs.
Cornville and Page Springs are rapidly-growing suburban areas that serve as bedroom communities for nearby Sedona
Sedona, Arizona
Sedona is a city that straddles the county line between Coconino and Yavapai counties in the northern Verde Valley region of the U.S. state of Arizona...
and Cottonwood, Arizona
Cottonwood, Arizona
Cottonwood is a city in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 11,171.-Geography:Cottonwood is located at ....
. Both communities are located along scenic Oak Creek, a tributary of the Verde River
Verde River
The Verde River is the north and northwestern watershed of the Salt River–Verde River Watershed that co-join and enter the Gila River at Phoenix, Arizona, located in the U.S. state of Arizona...
. Lower Oak Creek has been designated an Important Bird Area by the National Audubon Society
National Audubon Society
The National Audubon Society is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation. Incorporated in 1905, Audubon is one of the oldest of such organizations in the world and uses science, education and grassroots advocacy to advance its conservation mission...
. Page Springs hosts the large
Page Springs fish hatchery, operated by Arizona Game and Fish. Adjacent to the hatchery are creekside hiking trails and bird-watching areas.
Cornville's best known resident is U.S. Senator and 2008 Republican Presidential candidate John McCain
John McCain
John Sidney McCain III is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election....
. McCain's home in the community, referred to in the media as his "Sedona Cabin," is where he and his running-mate, Alaska governor Sarah Palin
Sarah Palin
Sarah Louise Palin is an American politician, commentator and author. As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 presidential election, she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major party and first Republican woman nominated for the vice-presidency.She was...
, prepared for their debates.
Cornville has a Greater Cornville Community Association http://www.greatercornville.org/ which meets monthly.
History
The Cornville area, particularly above and below the Cornville Bridge on Oak Creek, was well settled by the SinaguaSinagua
The Sinagua were a pre-Columbian cultural group occupying an area in central Arizona between the Little Colorado River and the Salt River including the Verde Valley and significant portions of the Mogollon Rim country between approximately 500 AD and 1425 AD.Early Sinagua sites consist of pit houses...
. The Sinagua had disappeared from the abandoned buildings at nearby Montezuma Castle National Monument
Montezuma Castle National Monument
Montezuma Castle National Monument, located near Camp Verde, Arizona, in the Southwestern United States, features well-preserved cliff-dwellings. They were built and used by the Pre-Columbian Sinagua people, northern cousins of the Hohokam, around 700 AD. Several Hopi clans trace their roots to...
by the early 15th century. Some Hopi
Hopi
The Hopi are a federally recognized tribe of indigenous Native American people, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. The Hopi area according to the 2000 census has a population of 6,946 people. Their Hopi language is one of the 30 of the Uto-Aztecan language...
clans claim descent from these Sinagua.
The earliest recorded written history of the area finds it occupied by the Yavapai people
Yavapai people
Yavapai are an indigenous people in Arizona. Historically, the Yavapai were divided into four geographical bands that considered themselves separate peoples: the Tolkapaya, or Western Yavapai, the Yavapé, or Northwestern Yavapai, the Kwevkapaya, or Southeastern Yavapai, and Wipukpa, or Northeastern...
. Spanish explorer Antonio de Espejo
Antonio de Espejo
Antonio de Espejo was a Spanish explorer who led an expedition into New Mexico and Arizona in 1582-1583. The expedition created interest in establishing a Spanish colony among the Pueblo Indians of the Rio Grande valley.-Life:...
passed through what is now Cornville on May 7 or 8, 1583 on his way to what would later become Jerome, Arizona
Jerome, Arizona
Jerome is a town in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. According to 2006 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the town is 353.-History:...
. The Yavapai were quite friendly with the explorers, apparently regarding them as supernatural or godlike. Later expeditions over the next 25 years entered the region but with increasing hostility from the native American peoples which may stem in part from the advent of the Apache
Apache
Apache is the collective term for several culturally related groups of Native Americans in the United States originally from the Southwest United States. These indigenous peoples of North America speak a Southern Athabaskan language, which is related linguistically to the languages of Athabaskan...
and Navajo people
Navajo people
The Navajo of the Southwestern United States are the largest single federally recognized tribe of the United States of America. The Navajo Nation has 300,048 enrolled tribal members. The Navajo Nation constitutes an independent governmental body which manages the Navajo Indian reservation in the...
in the region. Failure to find mineral resources profitably extractable according to the standards of the day, and the distance from other Spanish settlements caused the Spaniards to cease exploration of the area. By the time the Mountain Men began to arrive in the late 1820s and settlers began to arrive again in the 1860s the people of the Cornville area were a mixed community of Apache (Dil-ze'e) and Yavapai (Wipukepaya), though the Apache are thought to have been more numerous on the east side of the Verde River. The area that is now lower Oak Creek was more or less on the border of the area occupied by the Dil-ze'e Chein-chii-ii (or Red Rock Clan) and Yaa-go-gain (White Land Clan) The US army gathered the Yavapai and Apache people in the area and in 1875 removed them in a tragic and brutal march and exile to the San Carlos Reservation in Eastern Arizona, but many Dilze'e remained in hiding in the Lower Oak Creek and adjoining White Hills area As late as 1876, numerous Dil-ze'e still lived on or near Lower Oak Creek. Relations between settlers and indigenous peoples in the Verde Valley were essentially peaceful from that point on and with the rapid increase in settlers along Oak Creek, although there were "Indian scares" into the 1880s mostly in connection with conflicts elswhere: In the words of settler W. A. Jordan, in about 1880 "The settlers were in no danger from this band of hunters [that he had just met between Clarkdale and Cornville], but they were so wrought up over the stories of massacres and murders that the Indians themselves were in the greatest danger." There was resistance among part though not all of the settler population to ending the prohibition on the return or the Dil-ze'e and Yavapai from San Carlos. Most remaining or Dil-ze'e and Yavapai lost hope of abiding peacefully and unmolested amidst increasing numbers of settlers and left to join returnees from the San Carlos Reservation in nearby communities in Camp Verde and Clarkdale. They did continue for many years to hunt throughout the valley and to gather food in the traditional ways
The first settlers in the Lower Oak Creek
Oak Creek Canyon
Oak Creek Canyon is a river gorge located along the Mogollon Rim in northern Arizona located between the cities of Flagstaff and Sedona. The canyon is often described as a smaller cousin of the Grand Canyon because of its scenic beauty...
area were Captain Andrew Jackson, a retired Confederate officer from Virginia, and his wife, Margaret, who arrived in the spring of 1876. Several other families including the Dickinsons, Munds, Copples, Pages Mullhollands and Tiptons had followed by the autumn of that year or the spring of 1877. The settlers quickly built an irrigation ditch serving farms on the west side of Oak Creek.
As to the adoption of the name of "Cornville", "At a meeting of Verde Valley pioneers, one of them said it was the intention to name it Cohnville, for a family named Cohn that lived there. When the papers came back from Washington, they had read it Cornville, so the settlers accepted the name." --Letter, L.J. Putsch, early Forest Ranger. However, there was no family name Cohn or Kohn in the Cornville area in 1880 according to the United States Census of 1880. However, there was a Mr. Cone who together with his partner a Mr. Houghton had purchased a proved homestead in what is now Page Springs from Benjamin Coppel in 1878, farmed a year and then rented the property to a family from Arkansas. Both Mr. Cone and Mr. Houghton sold their interests in the ranch to James Page in about 1880. The Cornville post office was established May 11, 1887 and Samuel Dickinson was postmaster until 1907 and it is therefore likely was the one who made application for the name "Cornville" for whatever reason. With the decline in the profitability of cattle and the Great Depression, much of Cornville was reduced to subsistence or near subsistence agriculture in the first half of 20th century though some families ranched the surrounding grazing lands while others went to work in the mines and smelters of Jerome, Clarkdale and Cottonwood when work was available. The town remained almost entirely agricultural until the late 1960s when numbers of retirees and residents who commute to work in nearby towns began to increase dramatically.
The community of Verde Santa Fe was founded in 1995. It is a home golf course community located in Cornville, along State Route 89A, between Cottonwood and Sedona. The community consists of nearly 1,000 homes in ten subdivisions.
In addition to Senator McCain, other notable residents of the area over the years have included rancher Frank Gyberg, sculptor John Henry Waddell and the late St Louis Rams owner Georgia Frontiere
Georgia Frontiere
Georgia Frontiere was the majority owner and chairman of the St. Louis Rams football team and the most prominent female owner in a league historically dominated by males....
.
Geography
Cornville is located at 34°42′58"N 111°54′36"W (34.716202, -111.909905).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the CDP has a total area of 13.2 square miles (34.2 km²), all of it land.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 3,335 people, 1,311 households, and 895 families residing in the CDP. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 252.1 people per square mile (97.3/km²). There were 1,441 housing units at an average density of 108.9/sq mi (42.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.22% White
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, 0.39% Black
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
or African American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, 0.84% Native American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, 0.60% Asian
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, 0.06% Pacific Islander
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, 2.70% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 2.19% from two or more races. 9.12% of the population were Hispanic
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
or Latino
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
of any race.
There were 1,311 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 30.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 101.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.9 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,992, and the median income for a family was $42,333. Males had a median income of $31,567 versus $21,653 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the CDP was $16,500. About 11.0% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Attractions
Eliphante http://www.eliphante.org/, "three acres of fantastical domes, shacks and follies" created over 28 years by Michael Kahn and his wife, Leda Livant, is a little-known attraction in Cornville. Eliphante may be visited by appointment or during special events.Notable residents
- ToolTool (band)Tool is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1990, the group's line-up has included drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones, and vocalist Maynard James Keenan. Since 1995, Justin Chancellor has been the band's bassist, replacing their original bassist Paul D'Amour...
, A Perfect CircleA Perfect CircleA Perfect Circle is an American rock supergroup formed in 1999 by guitarist Billy Howerdel and Tool vocalist Maynard James Keenan. The original incarnation of the band also included Paz Lenchantin on bass, Troy Van Leeuwen on guitar, and Tim Alexander on drums...
, and PusciferPusciferPuscifer is a side project of Maynard James Keenan from the bands Tool and A Perfect Circle. As Keenan is the only permanent member and he considers the project to be his "creative subconscious", Puscifer could also be considered a pseudonym for his solo work....
vocalist Maynard James KeenanMaynard James KeenanMaynard James Keenan is an American rock singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, winemaker, and actor. Originally from Ohio, Keenan spent his high school and college years in Michigan. After serving in the Army in the early 1980s, he attended Kendall College of Art and Design in Grand Rapids...
is a current resident.
- Senator John McCainJohn McCainJohn Sidney McCain III is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election....
has a vacation home on Oak Creek, near Page Springs. - Sculptor John Henry Waddell had a studio in Cornville during the 1980s.
- St. Louis RamsSt. Louis RamsThe St. Louis Rams are a professional American football team based in St. Louis, Missouri. They are currently members of the West Division of the National Football Conference in the National Football League . The Rams have won three NFL Championships .The Rams began playing in 1936 in Cleveland,...
owner Georgia FrontiereGeorgia FrontiereGeorgia Frontiere was the majority owner and chairman of the St. Louis Rams football team and the most prominent female owner in a league historically dominated by males....
had a residence in Cornville.
Further reading
- Bureau of Land Management On Line Land Records, Land Patent Details, for Munds in Yavapai County: http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/PatentSearch/Detail.asp?PatentDocClassCode=SER&Accession=AZAZAA+014874&Index=3&QryID=8243.93&DetailTab=1
- Dr. James Byrkit, "Antonio de Espejo's Expedition to Jerome, Arizona May, 1583" in COTTONWOOD, CLARKDALE AND CORNVILLE HISTORY, edited by Isabel J. Simmons, (published by) the American Association of Retired Persons(1985)
- Coder, RAndall, Smith Roca & Hines. CHI CH’ IL (Acorns): Dissolution of Traditional
Dilzhe’e Gathering Practice(s) Due to Federal Control of the Landscape
http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p036/rmrs_p036_277_281.pdf
- Fain, Mildred, "Old Timers" in PIONEER STORIES OF ARIZONA'S VERDE VALLEY, edited by Jesse Goddard, Samuel Benedict and Pauline Boyer, (published by) the Verde Valley Pioneers Association (1954)
- Lenore Dumas, "A Remarkable Woman of the Early West" In THOSE EARLY DAYS: OLDTIMERS MEMOIRS OAK CREEK - SEDONA AND THE VERDE VALLEY REGION OF NORTHERN ARIZONA, (published by) The Sedona
Westerners (1975)
- W. A. Jordan, REminiscences of W. A. Jordan, "My only Indian Scare" in PIONEER STORIES OF ARIZONA'S VERDE VALLEY, edited by Jesse Goddard, Samuel Benedict and Pauline Boyer, (published by) the Verde Valley Pioneers Association (1954)
- Inez Lay, "Samuel Loy and His Neighbors of 1877" in PIONEER STORIES OF ARIZONA'S VERDE VALLEY, edited by Jesse Goddard, Samuel Benedict and Pauline Boyer, (published by) the Verde Valley Pioneers Association (1954)
- United States Federal Census for Arizona 1880 Yavapai County, District 28 pp. 1–5.
- James Page, "Pioneering" in PIONEER STORIES OF ARIZONA'S VERDE VALLEY, edited by Jesse Goddard, Samuel Benedict and Pauline Boyer (published by) the Verde Valley Pioneers Association (1954)
- Kate Ruland-Thorne, The Yavapai: Sedona's Native People, Thorne Enterprises 1993
- Isabel J. Simmons "Interview of Vincent Randall and Lulu Randall" in in COTTONWOOD, CLARKDALE AND CORNVILLE HISTORY, edited by Isabel J. Simmons, (published by) the American Association of Retired Persons(1985)