Council of Bari
Encyclopedia
During the brief period of rapproachement between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Pope
, in the course of the First Crusade
the Council of Bari was called by Urban II in 1098 in a stated attempt to deal with the Great Schism
between the Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church
and to resolve the filioque dogmatic dispute that was one of the main contributors to the schism. The council was presided by the Pope and was attended by more than one hundred and eighty Catholic bishops, including a noticeable theologian Anselm of Canterbury
, the founder of scholasticism
who delivered the main speech defending the Latin doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit. The council also dealt with local church issues and supported Anselm in his dispute with the king William II of England
.
On the other hand, no high profile Orthodox theologians of the time, opposing the amendment of Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed by the Pope, such as contemporary Theophylact of Ohrid had participated in the council, even though the sources suggest the presence of a few Greek
bishops and monks from the Southern Italy. It is also not clear how much discussions actually took place, if any, and most likely the real goal of the event was simply to provide additional legitimation to the position of the Pope in the dispute with the Eastern Churches.
and Florence
councils a few hunred years later. The rift between the Churches is not mended to this day.
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
, in the course of the First Crusade
First Crusade
The First Crusade was a military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem...
the Council of Bari was called by Urban II in 1098 in a stated attempt to deal with the Great Schism
East–West Schism
The East–West Schism of 1054, sometimes known as the Great Schism, formally divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively...
between the Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
and to resolve the filioque dogmatic dispute that was one of the main contributors to the schism. The council was presided by the Pope and was attended by more than one hundred and eighty Catholic bishops, including a noticeable theologian Anselm of Canterbury
Anselm of Canterbury
Anselm of Canterbury , also called of Aosta for his birthplace, and of Bec for his home monastery, was a Benedictine monk, a philosopher, and a prelate of the church who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109...
, the founder of scholasticism
Scholasticism
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100–1500, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending orthodoxy in an increasingly pluralistic context...
who delivered the main speech defending the Latin doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit. The council also dealt with local church issues and supported Anselm in his dispute with the king William II of England
William II of England
William II , the third son of William I of England, was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales...
.
On the other hand, no high profile Orthodox theologians of the time, opposing the amendment of Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed by the Pope, such as contemporary Theophylact of Ohrid had participated in the council, even though the sources suggest the presence of a few Greek
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
bishops and monks from the Southern Italy. It is also not clear how much discussions actually took place, if any, and most likely the real goal of the event was simply to provide additional legitimation to the position of the Pope in the dispute with the Eastern Churches.
Results
The Catholic-dominated council backed up the Anselm's positions, supported the filoque clause and anathemed those who were opposed to it. By doing so it contributed little to healing the Schism and failed to reach the purposed objective of resolving the dogmatic dispute just as would LyonSecond Council of Lyon
The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, France, in 1274. Pope Gregory X presided over the council, called to act on a pledge by Byzantine emperor Michael VIII to reunite the Eastern church with the West...
and Florence
Council of Florence
The Council of Florence was an Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It began in 1431 in Basel, Switzerland, and became known as the Council of Ferrara after its transfer to Ferrara was decreed by Pope Eugene IV, to convene in 1438...
councils a few hunred years later. The rift between the Churches is not mended to this day.