Counts of Hainaut
Encyclopedia
County of Hainaut
The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries with its capital at Mons . In English sources it is often given the archaic spelling Hainault....
, a historical region in the Low Countries
Low Countries
The Low Countries are the historical lands around the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse rivers, including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany....
(including the modern countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and parts of northern France and western Germany).
House of Reginar
- Reginar I (r. ?-898)
- Sigard (r. 898-908, m. 920)
- Hagano (m. 921)
- Reginar I (r. 908-915), second time
- Reginar IIRegnier II, Count of HainaultReginar II was Count of Hainaut from 915 until 932.-History:He was the son of Reginar, Duke of Lorraine and Hersent of France...
(r. 915-after 932) - Reginar III (r. before 940-958)
- Godfrey IGodfrey I, Duke of Lower LorraineGodfrey I was the count of Hainault from 958 and margrave or vice-duke of Lower Lorraine from 959, when that duchy was divided by Duke Bruno, who remained duke until his death in 965....
(r. before 958-964)
Then divided between Mons
Mons
Mons is a Walloon city and municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut, of which it is the capital. The Mons municipality includes the old communes of Cuesmes, Flénu, Ghlin, Hyon, Nimy, Obourg, Baudour , Jemappes, Ciply, Harmignies, Harveng, Havré, Maisières, Mesvin, Nouvelles,...
and Valenciennes
Valenciennes
Valenciennes is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.It lies on the Scheldt river. Although the city and region had seen a steady decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded...
.
- Counts of Mons
- Richar (r. 964-973)
- Reginald (r. 973)
- Reginar IVReginar IV, Count of MonsRegnier IV, Count of Mons was the son of Reginar III, Count of Hainaut. Lambert I of Leuven was his brother.-History:His father was Count of Hainaut until 958, but fell in disgrace with Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and lost his County to Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine.He received the County of...
(r. 973-974) - Godfrey IIGodfrey I, Count of VerdunGodfrey I , called the Prisoner or the Captive , sometimes the Old , was the count of Bidgau and Methingau from 959 and the count of Verdun from 963 to his death. In 969, he obtained the margravate of Antwerp and Ename...
(r. 974-998) - Reginar IVReginar IV, Count of MonsRegnier IV, Count of Mons was the son of Reginar III, Count of Hainaut. Lambert I of Leuven was his brother.-History:His father was Count of Hainaut until 958, but fell in disgrace with Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and lost his County to Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine.He received the County of...
(r. 998-1013), second time - Reginar VReginar V, Count of MonsReginar V, Count of Mons was the eldest son of Reginar IV, Count of Mons and Hedwige of France. His maternal grandparents were Hugh Capet of France and Adelaide of Aquitaine.-History and Family:He succeeded his father as Count of Mons in 1013...
(r. 1013-1039), acquired the southern part of the BrabantBrabant (landgraviat)The Landgraviat of Brabant must be distinguished from the Duchy of Brabant. The Duchy of Brabant was initially a feudal elevation of the landgraviat, but its name was applied to the entire country under the control of the Dukes of Brabant, from the 13th century on.This imperial fief was assigned to...
province around 1024 - Herman (r. 1039-1051), married RichildaRichilde, Countess of Mons and HainautRichilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut .Since the county of Hainaut would pass to the Counts of Flanders through marriage to her, she has often been mistakenly recorded a daughter of Regnier V of Mons, who was actually her father-in-law.She was married firstly to Herman of Mons, count of Hainaut,...
, acquired Valenciennes around 1045 or 1049
- Counts and Margraves of Valenciennes
- Amalric (r. 964-973)
- Warin (r. 973)
- Reginar IVReginar IV, Count of MonsRegnier IV, Count of Mons was the son of Reginar III, Count of Hainaut. Lambert I of Leuven was his brother.-History:His father was Count of Hainaut until 958, but fell in disgrace with Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and lost his County to Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine.He received the County of...
(r. 973-974) - ArnulfArnulf II, Count of FlandersArnulf II of Flanders was Count of Flanders from 965 until his death. He was the son of Baldwin III of Flanders and Mathilde Billung of Saxony, daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony-History:...
(r. 974-988) - Baldwin IBaldwin IV, Count of FlandersBaldwin IV of Flanders , known as the Bearded, was Count of Flanders from 988 until his death. He was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders...
(r. 988-1035) - Baldwin IIBaldwin V, Count of FlandersBaldwin V of Flanders was Count of Flanders from 1035 until his death.He was the son of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, who died in 1035.-History:...
(r. 1035-1045)
Valenciennes then to Mons, Hainaut reunited.
House of FlandersCounts of Flanders family treeThis is a family tree of the Counts of Flanders, from 864 to 1792, when the county of Flanders was annexed by France.-See also:*County of Flanders - Other family trees...
- Baldwin I (r. 1051-1070), also Count of Flanders
- Arnulf I (r. 1070-1071), son of Baldwin VI, also Count of Flanders
- Baldwin IIBaldwin II, Count of HainautBaldwin II of Mons was count of Hainaut from 1071 to his death. He was the younger son of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders and Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut.-History:...
(r. 1071-1098), son of Baldwin I - Baldwin IIIBaldwin III, Count of HainautBaldwin III was count of Hainaut from 1098 to his death. He was son of Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut and Ida of Leuven.-History:Baldwin succeeded to the county of Hainaut in 1102. Baldwin married Yolande of Guelders at a young age. He had been betrothed to Adelaide of Maurienne, a niece of Countess...
(r. 1098-1120), son of Baldwin II - Baldwin IVBaldwin IV, Count of HainautBaldwin IV was count of Hainaut from 1120 to his death. He was the son of Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut, and Yolande de Wassenberg.-History:...
(r. 1120-1171), son of Baldin III - Baldwin VBaldwin V, Count of HainautBaldwin V of Hainaut was count of Hainaut , count of Flanders as Baldwin VIII and margrave of Namur as Baldwin I .-History:...
(r. 1171-1195), son of Baldwin IV, also Count of FlandersCount of FlandersThe Count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the position by the French revolutionaries in 1790....
from 1191 - Baldwin VIBaldwin I of ConstantinopleBaldwin I , the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin VI Count of Hainaut, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the capture of Constantinople, the conquest of the greater part of the Byzantine...
(r. 1195-1205), son of Baldwin V, also Count of Flanders and Latin Emperor of Constantinople - Joan (r. 1205-1244), daughter of Baldwin VI, also Countess of Flanders
- Margaret I (r. 1244-1253), daughter of Baldwin VI, also Countess of Flanders, married first to Bouchard IV of AvesnesBouchard IV of AvesnesBouchard IV was the lord of Avesnes and Étrœungt. He was the son of James of Avesnes and Adela of Guise and brother of Walter, Count of Blois by marriage....
and then William of DampierreWilliam II of DampierreWilliam II was the lord of Dampierre from 1216 until his death. He was the son of Guy II, constable of Champagne, and Matilda, heiress of Bourbon.His brother, Archambaud VIII, inherited Bourbon and he Dampierre...
- The Counties of Flanders and Hainaut are claimed by Margaret's sons, the half-brothers John I of AvesnesJohn I of AvesnesJohn I of Avesnes was the count of Hainaut from 1246 to his death. Born in Houffalize, he was the eldest son of Margaret II of Flanders by her first husband, Bouchard IV of Avesnes...
and William III of DampierreWilliam III of DampierreWilliam III was the lord of Dampierre from 1231 and count of Flanders from 1247 until his death. He was the son of William II of Dampierre and Margaret II of Flanders....
in the War of the Succession of Flanders and HainaultWar of the Succession of Flanders and HainaultThe War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault was a series of feudal conflicts in the mid-thirteenth century between the children of Margaret II, Countess of Flanders...
. In 1246, King Louis IX of FranceLouis IX of FranceLouis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death. He was also styled Louis II, Count of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was an eighth-generation descendant of Hugh Capet, and thus a member of the House of Capet, and the son of Louis VIII and...
awards Hainaut to John, but Margaret refuses to hand over the government but was forced to do so in 1254 by John and the German anti-king William II, Count of Holland.
House of AvesnesHouse of AvesnesThe Avesnes family played an important role during the Middle Ages. The family has its roots in the small village Avesnes-sur-Helpe, in the north of France....
- John IJohn I of AvesnesJohn I of Avesnes was the count of Hainaut from 1246 to his death. Born in Houffalize, he was the eldest son of Margaret II of Flanders by her first husband, Bouchard IV of Avesnes...
(r. 1253-1257), son of Margaret I and Bouchard IV of AvesnesBouchard IV of AvesnesBouchard IV was the lord of Avesnes and Étrœungt. He was the son of James of Avesnes and Adela of Guise and brother of Walter, Count of Blois by marriage....
House of FlandersCounts of Flanders family treeThis is a family tree of the Counts of Flanders, from 864 to 1792, when the county of Flanders was annexed by France.-See also:*County of Flanders - Other family trees...
- Margaret I (r. 1257-1280), resumed control after John I's death
House of AvesnesHouse of AvesnesThe Avesnes family played an important role during the Middle Ages. The family has its roots in the small village Avesnes-sur-Helpe, in the north of France....
- John II (r. 1280-1304), son of John I, also Count of HollandCount of HollandThe Counts of Holland ruled over the County of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century.-House of Holland:The first count of Holland, Dirk I, was the son or foster-son of Gerolf, Count in Frisia...
- William IWilliam I, Count of HainautWilliam I, Count of Hainaut was Count William III of Avesnes, Count William III of Holland and Count William II of Zeeland from 1304 to his death...
(r. 1304-1337), son of John II, also Count of Holland - William IIWilliam II, Count of HainautWilliam II, Count of Hainaut was William IV of Avesnes, William IV of Holland and William III of Zeeland from 1337 to his death, succeeding his father, William I. He married Joanna, Duchess of Brabant and Limburg in 1334, but had no issue.- Military career and death :William fought in France as...
(r. 1337-1345), son of William I, also Count of Holland - Margaret II (r. 1345-1356), daughter of William I,
- jointly with her husband Louis IV, Holy Roman EmperorLouis IV, Holy Roman EmperorLouis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the King of Germany from 1314, the King of Italy from 1327 and the Holy Roman Emperor from 1328....
(d. 1347) and their son William III
- jointly with her husband Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
House of Bavaria
- William IIIWilliam I, Duke of BavariaWilliam I, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing , was the second son of the emperor Louis IV the Bavarian from his second wife Margaret of Holland and Hainaut...
(r. 1345-1388), son of Margaret II and Louis IV- jointly with his brothers Louis the BrandenburgerLouis V, Duke of BavariaLouis V, Duke of Bavaria, called the Brandenburger was Duke of Bavaria and as Louis I also Margrave of Brandenburg and Count of Tyrol. Louis V was the eldest son of Emperor Louis IV and his first wife Beatrix of Świdnica...
, Louis the RomanLouis VI the RomanLouis the Roman was the eldest son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian by his second wife, Margaret II, Countess of Hainault, and a member of the House of Wittelsbach. Louis was Duke of Bavaria as Louis VI and Margrave of Brandenburg as Louis II...
and Otto the Bavarian (1347-1349),
Stephen II of BavariaStephen II, Duke of BavariaDuke Stephen II of Bavaria , after 1347 Duke of Bavaria. He was the second son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian by his first wife Beatrix of Świdnica and a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty.-Biography:During the reign of Emperor Louis IV his son Stephen served as vogt of Swabia and Alsace...
(1347-1353) and Albert I
- jointly with his brothers Louis the Brandenburger
- Margaret returned in 1350 in opposition to her son and held Hainaut until 1356.
- Albert IAlbert I, Duke of BavariaDuke Albert I or Albrecht KG was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries...
, (Regent since 1358, ruled as count 1388-1404) - William IVWilliam II, Duke of Bavaria-StraubingDuke William II of Bavaria-Straubing KG was also count William VI of Holland, count William IV of Hainaut and count William V of Zeeland. He ruled from 1404 until 1417, when he died of a dog bite. William was a son of Albert I and Margaret of Brieg.-Biography:William, allied with the Hooks, was...
(r. 1404-1417), son of Albert I - JacquelineJacqueline, Countess of HainautJacqueline of Wittelsbach was Duchess of Bavaria-Straubing, Countess of Hainaut and Holland from 1417 to 1432...
(r. 1417-1432), daughter of William IV
- Jacqueline was opposed by her uncle John, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, son of Count Albert I in a war of succession. John's claims devolved upon Philip III, Duke of BurgundyPhilip III, Duke of BurgundyPhilip the Good KG , also Philip III, Duke of Burgundy was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty . During his reign Burgundy reached the height of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts...
, a nephew of William III, whose mother had been the sister of William. In 1432 he forced Jacqueline to abdicate from Hainaut and Holland in his favour.
House of BurgundyHouse of BurgundyThe House of Burgundy was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of Robert II of France....
- Philip I the Good (r. 1432-1467)
- Charles I the Bold (r. 1467-1477), son of Philip the Good
- Mary the RichMary of BurgundyMary of Burgundy ruled the Burgundian territories in Low Countries and was suo jure Duchess of Burgundy from 1477 until her death...
(r. 1477-1482), daughter of Charles the Bold, jointly with her husband Maximilian I, Holy Roman EmperorMaximilian I, Holy Roman EmperorMaximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
House of Habsburg
- Philip II the HandsomePhilip I of CastilePhilip I , known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, was the first Habsburg King of Castile...
(r. 1482-1506), son of Mary and Maximilian - Charles IICharles V, Holy Roman EmperorCharles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
(r. 1519-1556), son of Philip, also Holy Roman EmperorHoly Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
(as Charles V)
Charles II proclaimed the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 was an edict, promulgated by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, reorganizing the Seventeen Provinces.It was his plan to centralize the administrative units of Holy Roman Empire. The Pragmatic Sanction transformed this agglomeration of lands into a unified entity, of which...
eternally uniting Hainaut with the other lordships of the Low Countries in a personal union. When the Habsburg empire was divided among the heirs of Charles V, the Low Countries
Seventeen Provinces
The Seventeen Provinces were a personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century, roughly covering the current Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a good part of the North of France , and a small part of Western Germany.The Seventeen Provinces were originally held by...
, including Hainaut, went to Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
, of the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg.
- Philip IIIPhilip II of SpainPhilip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
(r. 1556-1598), son of Charles III, also King of Spain - Isabella Clara Eugenia (r. 1598-1621), daughter of Philip II,
- jointly with her husband Albert, Archduke of Austria)
- Philip IVPhilip IV of SpainPhilip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640...
(r. 1621-1665), grandson of Philip III, also King of Spain - Charles IIICharles II of SpainCharles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the ruler of large parts of Italy, the Spanish territories in the Southern Low Countries, and Spain's overseas Empire, stretching from the Americas to the Spanish East Indies...
(r. 1665-1700), son of Philip IV, also King of Spain
Between 1706 and 1714 the Low Countries were invaded by the English and the Dutch during the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch. As France and Spain were among the most powerful states of Europe, such a unification would have...
. The fief was claimed by the House of Habsburg and the House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713...
settled the succession and the County of Hainaut went to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.
- Charles IVCharles VI, Holy Roman EmperorCharles VI was the penultimate Habsburg sovereign of the Habsburg Empire. He succeeded his elder brother, Joseph I, as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia , Archduke of Austria, etc., in 1711...
(r. 1714-1740), great grandson of Philip III, als Holy Roman Emperor (elect) - Mary TheresaMaria Theresa of AustriaMaria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
(r. 1740-1780), daughter of Charles IV, married Francis I, Holy Roman EmperorFrancis I, Holy Roman EmperorFrancis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty... - Joseph I (r. 1780-1790), son of Maria Theresa and Francis I, also Holy Roman Emperor
- LeopoldLeopold II, Holy Roman EmperorLeopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
(r. 1790-1792), son of Maria Theresa and Francis I, also Holy Roman Emperor - Francis IIFrancis I, Holy Roman EmperorFrancis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty...
(r. 1792-1835), son of Leopold II, also Holy Roman Emperor
The title was factually abolished in the aftermath of the French revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
and the annexation of Flanders by France in 1795. Although, the title remained officially claimed by the descendants of Leopold II until the reign of Charles I of Austria.
House of Saxe-Coburg and GothaSaxe-Coburg and GothaSaxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha served as the collective name of two duchies, Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha, in Germany. They were located in what today are the states of Bavaria and Thuringia, respectively, and the two were in personal union between 1826 and 1918...
In the modern Kingdom of Belgium, the title of "Count of Hainaut" was traditionally given to the eldest son of the crown prince, who was himself styled "Duke of Brabant".In 2001, with the birth of Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, heir and eldest daughter of Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant, it was decided not to award her the title of Countess of Hainaut, but to abolish it.- Prince Leopold, Duke of BrabantPrince Leopold, Duke of BrabantPrince Leopold of Belgium, Duke of Brabant, Count of Hainaut , was the second child and only son and heir-apparent of Leopold II of Belgium and his wife, Archduchess Marie Henriette of...
(1859-1865), son of Leopold II of BelgiumLeopold II of BelgiumLeopold II was the second king of the Belgians. Born in Brussels the second son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie of Orléans, he succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865 and remained king until his death.Leopold is chiefly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free... - Baudouin I of Belgium (1930 - 1934), son of Leopold III of BelgiumLeopold III of BelgiumLeopold III reigned as King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951, when he abdicated in favour of the Heir Apparent,...
See also
- Countess of HainautCountess of Hainaut- House of Hainaut, 1070–1280 :- House of Avesnes, 1246–1257 :- House of Avesnes, 1280–1354 :- House of Wittelsbach, 1354–1432 :- House of Valois-Burgundy, 1432–1482 :- House of Habsburg, 1482–1700 :- House of Bourbon, 1700–1706:...
- County of HainautCounty of HainautThe County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries with its capital at Mons . In English sources it is often given the archaic spelling Hainault....
- Counts of Hainaut family treeCounts of Hainaut family treeThis is a family tree of the Counts of Hainaut, sometimes spelled though not pronounced Hainault from 1055 to 1432, when the County of Hainaut and the County of Holland are incorporated in the estates of the Duchy of Burgundy, following the end of the Hook and Cod wars...