Crepidotus
Encyclopedia
Crepidotus is a genus
of fungi in the family Crepidotaceae
. Species of Crepidotus all have small, convex to fan-shaped sessile
caps and grow on wood or plant debris. The genus has been studied extensively, and monograph
s of the North American, European and Neotropical species have been published.
Crepidotus means cracked ear.
first circumscribed
Crepidotus in 1821 as a tribe in the genus Agaricus, although he later (1836–1838) revised his concept. In 1857, Staude elevated Tribus Crepidotus to a genus, with Agaricus mollis (Schaeff) as the type species
. Early descriptions of the genus contained between six and forty-six species, depending on the author.
In 1947, Rolf Singer wrote a monograph about the genus, and unlike prior treatments, used microscopic characters to help delineate infrageneric (i.e., below genus-level classification) relationships. Based on his revisions, the genus included 30 species. Soon after, Pilát (1950) extended Singer's monograph, including additional species to bring the total species to 75. However, many of his Crepidotus taxa would later be transferred to other genera. Currently, approximately 150 species are widely accepted, although many more have been described.
and South America
n regions.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of fungi in the family Crepidotaceae
Crepidotaceae
The Crepidotaceae is a family of basidiomycete fungi.-Taxonomic Details:The Crepidotaceae have recently undergone a revision based on phylogenetic analyses...
. Species of Crepidotus all have small, convex to fan-shaped sessile
Sessility (botany)
In botany, sessility is a characteristic of plants whose flowers or leaves are borne directly from the stem or peduncle, and thus lack a petiole or pedicel...
caps and grow on wood or plant debris. The genus has been studied extensively, and monograph
Monograph
A monograph is a work of writing upon a single subject, usually by a single author.It is often a scholarly essay or learned treatise, and may be released in the manner of a book or journal article. It is by definition a single document that forms a complete text in itself...
s of the North American, European and Neotropical species have been published.
Crepidotus means cracked ear.
Description
Members of this genus are small, convex to fan-shaped, and sessile. Species have cheilocystidia Spore prints are yellow-brown to brown. All species of Crepidotus are known to be secondary decomposers of plant matter; most are saprobic on wood. Little is known about the ebility of various species; the usually small and insubstantial specimens discourage mycophagy.Taxonomy
Elias Magnus FriesElias Magnus Fries
-External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*...
first circumscribed
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, circumscription is the definition of the limits of a taxonomic group of organisms. One goal of taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxonomic group. Achieving stability can be simple or difficult....
Crepidotus in 1821 as a tribe in the genus Agaricus, although he later (1836–1838) revised his concept. In 1857, Staude elevated Tribus Crepidotus to a genus, with Agaricus mollis (Schaeff) as the type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
. Early descriptions of the genus contained between six and forty-six species, depending on the author.
In 1947, Rolf Singer wrote a monograph about the genus, and unlike prior treatments, used microscopic characters to help delineate infrageneric (i.e., below genus-level classification) relationships. Based on his revisions, the genus included 30 species. Soon after, Pilát (1950) extended Singer's monograph, including additional species to bring the total species to 75. However, many of his Crepidotus taxa would later be transferred to other genera. Currently, approximately 150 species are widely accepted, although many more have been described.
Phylogeny
Modern phylogenetic analysis using sequencing data from the 28S rRNA gene region shows that Crepidotus is monophyletic, and that Singer's original concept for the genus may be too narrowly defined. This research showed that a natural evolutionary lineage results if some Pleurotellus species and several taxa formerly aligned with Melanomphalia are included in the generic description.Distribution
Crepidotus species are cosmopolitan in distribution, and are well-documented from the Northern temperateTemperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...
and South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
n regions.
Species list
Historically, many species of Crepidotus have been described due to differences in single morphological character traits. Phylogenetic analysis is showing that these morphological differences are often due to phenotypic plasticity — species may adapt to different environments by assuming variations in growth forms. Recent taxonomic revisions have shown that several species formerly considered unique are conspecific. Further study is required to more accurately delineate infrageneric relationships in this taxa.- Crepidotus alabamensis
- Crepidotus albescens
- Crepidotus antillarum
- Crepidotus appalachianensis
- Crepidotus applanatus - "Flat crep"
- Crepidotus aureus
- Crepidotus autochthonus
- Crepidotus betulae
- Crepidotus brunnescens
- Crepidotus brunswickianus
- Crepidotus calolepis
- Crepidotus carpaticus
- Crepidotus caspari var. subglobisporus
- Crepidotus cesatii
- Crepidotus cinnabarinus
- Crepidotus cristatus
- Crepidotus croceitinctus
- Crepidotus crocophyllus
- Crepidotus distortus
- Crepidotus epibryus
- Crepidotus eucalyptinus
- Crepidotus fragilis
- Crepidotus fraxinicola
- Crepidotus fusisporus
- Crepidotus inhonestus
- Crepidotus latifolius
- Crepidotus longicomatus
- Crepidotus lundellii
- Crepidotus luteolus
- Crepidotus macedonicus
- Crepidotus malachius
- Crepidotus martini
- Crepidotus melleus
- Crepidotus mollisCrepidotus mollisCrepidotus mollis is a species of mushroom. The common names of the species is soft slipper and jelly crep.-Description:The cap is kidney shaped. The cap is white when it is young and when it gets older, it turns ochre. The flesh of the cap is white and can be broken easily. The gills are pale...
- "Soft Crepidotus" or "Soft slipper toadstool" - Crepidotus muscigenus
- Crepidotus nephrodes
- Crepidotus nyssicola
- Crepidotus occidentalis
- Crepidotus palmarum
- Crepidotus podocarpi
- Crepidotus rubrovinosus
- Crepidotus septicoides
- Crepidotus sinuosus
- Crepidotus sphaerosporus
- Crepidotus subaffinis
- Crepidotus submollis
- Crepidotus stenocystis
- Crepidotus thermophilus
- Crepidotus subverrucisporus
- Crepidotus uber
- Crepidotus variabilis
- Crepidotus versutusCrepidotus versutusCrepidotus versutus, commonly known as the evasive agaric, is a species of fungi in the family Crepidotaceae. It is saprobic on wood, like other Crepidotus species, but it can also decompose herbaceous forest litter...
- "Evasive agaric" - Crepidotus virgineus
External links
- Crepidotus at Index FungorumIndex FungorumIndex Fungorum, an international project to index all formal names in the Fungi Kingdom. Somewhat comparable to the IPNI, but with more contributing institutions....