Crofting
Encyclopedia
Crofting is a form of land tenure and small-scale food production unique to the Scottish Highlands
, the Islands of Scotland, and formerly on the Isle of Man
.
Within crofting townships, individual crofts
are established on the better land, and a large area of poor quality hill ground is shared by all the crofters of the township for grazing.
Crofting is characterised by its common working communities, or “townships”.
Individual crofts are typically established on 2 – 5 ha of “in-bye” for better quality forage, arable and vegetable production.
Each township manages poorer quality hill ground as common grazing for cattle and sheep.
Land use in the crofting counties is constrained by climate, soils and topography. Agriculturally, virtually all of the land in the Highlands and Islands is classified as Severely Disadvantaged in terms of Less Favoured Area Directive, yet these areas receive the lowest LFA payments. Most crofters find it impractical to make a living from crofting agriculture alone; thus, most crofters pursue a number of activities to earn their livelihood.
Despite its challenges, crofting is important to the Highlands and Islands.
At March 2002 there were 17,721 crofts, and 12,000 to 13,000 crofters (some crofters have the tenancy of more than one croft or there is croft absenteeism where tenancies are held but crofts are not farmed).
About 30,000 family members lived in crofting households, or around 10% of the population of the Highlands and Islands.
Crofting households represented around 30% those in the rural areas of the Highlands, and up to 65% of households in Shetland, the Western Isles and Skye.
There were 770,000 hectares under crofting tenure, roughly 25% of the agricultural land area in the Crofting Counties.
Crofters had around 20% of all beef cattle (120,000 head) and 45% of breeding ewes (1.5 million sheep).
, largely as a means of sustaining populations.
It is found predominantly in the Western and Northern isles and in the coastal fringes of the western and northern Scottish mainland.
The Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886
provided for security of tenure, a key issue as most crofters remain tenants.
The Act encouraged tenants to improve the land ground under their control, as it ensured that the control could be transferred within families and on to future generations.
Scottish Highlands
The Highlands is an historic region of Scotland. The area is sometimes referred to as the "Scottish Highlands". It was culturally distinguishable from the Lowlands from the later Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands...
, the Islands of Scotland, and formerly on the Isle of Man
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man , otherwise known simply as Mann , is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is...
.
Within crofting townships, individual crofts
Croft (land)
A croft is a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable with a crofter's dwelling thereon. A crofter is one who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer.- Etymology :...
are established on the better land, and a large area of poor quality hill ground is shared by all the crofters of the township for grazing.
Practice
Crofting is a social system in which small-scale food production plays a defining role.Crofting is characterised by its common working communities, or “townships”.
Individual crofts are typically established on 2 – 5 ha of “in-bye” for better quality forage, arable and vegetable production.
Each township manages poorer quality hill ground as common grazing for cattle and sheep.
Land use in the crofting counties is constrained by climate, soils and topography. Agriculturally, virtually all of the land in the Highlands and Islands is classified as Severely Disadvantaged in terms of Less Favoured Area Directive, yet these areas receive the lowest LFA payments. Most crofters find it impractical to make a living from crofting agriculture alone; thus, most crofters pursue a number of activities to earn their livelihood.
Despite its challenges, crofting is important to the Highlands and Islands.
At March 2002 there were 17,721 crofts, and 12,000 to 13,000 crofters (some crofters have the tenancy of more than one croft or there is croft absenteeism where tenancies are held but crofts are not farmed).
About 30,000 family members lived in crofting households, or around 10% of the population of the Highlands and Islands.
Crofting households represented around 30% those in the rural areas of the Highlands, and up to 65% of households in Shetland, the Western Isles and Skye.
There were 770,000 hectares under crofting tenure, roughly 25% of the agricultural land area in the Crofting Counties.
Crofters had around 20% of all beef cattle (120,000 head) and 45% of breeding ewes (1.5 million sheep).
History
A form of land tenure and small-scale food production unique to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, it evolved from a turbulent period in the areas’ history, the Highland ClearancesHighland Clearances
The Highland Clearances were forced displacements of the population of the Scottish Highlands during the 18th and 19th centuries. They led to mass emigration to the sea coast, the Scottish Lowlands, and the North American colonies...
, largely as a means of sustaining populations.
It is found predominantly in the Western and Northern isles and in the coastal fringes of the western and northern Scottish mainland.
The Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886
Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886
The Crofters' Holdings Act, 1886 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created legal definitions of crofting parish and crofter, granted security of tenure to crofters and produced the first Crofters Commission, a land court which ruled on disputes between landlords and crofters...
provided for security of tenure, a key issue as most crofters remain tenants.
The Act encouraged tenants to improve the land ground under their control, as it ensured that the control could be transferred within families and on to future generations.