Cuban-American National Foundation
Encyclopedia
Cuban exile
The term "Cuban exile" refers to the many Cubans who have sought alternative political or economic conditions outside the island, dating back to the Ten Years' War and the struggle for Cuban independence during the 19th century...
organization. Established in Florida in 1981 by Jorge Mas Canosa
Jorge Mas Canosa
Jorge Mass Canosa was a Cuban-American activist best known for his strong opposition to Fidel Castro and his leadership of the Cuban American National Foundation. He was considered by some to be the leading figure in the Cuban exile community in Miami, Florida...
and Raul Masvidal
Raul Masvidal
Raul Masvidal is a Cuban-American banker and real estate developer. He is one of the three original founders of the Cuban American National Foundation.-Cuban activism:...
, CANF is an organization with numerous members in the United States and other countries. Following the death of its founder in 1997, CANF began to lose its ideological cohesion provided by Mas Canosa, which led a substantial segment of its membership to split and form the Cuban Liberty Council
Cuban Liberty Council
The Cuban Liberty Council is a not-for-profit organization whose stated goal is to promote liberty and democracy in Cuba.- Activities:CLC was founded October 10, 2001...
in 2001.
CANF used to be a strong advocate for isolation of Cuba by the USA but in April 2009 they published an article calling for lifting US restrictions on aid and travel to Cuba, and aiding civil society groups there. The shift might promote a new phase in the USA-Cuba relations
CANF has offices in Miami, Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
and New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
and chapters in Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
, the greater New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
area, Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
, several cities in Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...
, New Orleans, and Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
.
For two decades CANF has worked to create a consensus on U.S. policy
Cuba-United States relations
Cuba and the United States of America have had an interest in one another since well before either of their independence movements. Plans for purchase of Cuba from the Spanish Empire were put forward at various times by United States...
that is opposed to the current Cuban government. Between 1990 and 1992, it received a quarter million dollars from the National Endowment for Democracy
National Endowment for Democracy
The National Endowment for Democracy, or NED, is a U.S. non-profit organization that was founded in 1983 to promote US-friendly democracy by providing cash grants funded primarily through an annual allocation from the U.S. Congress...
, an organization financed by the US government.
CANF also operates the radio station La Voz de la Fundación which it attempts to transmit to Cuba and led the effort to establish the U.S. Information Agency's
United States Information Agency
The United States Information Agency , which existed from 1953 to 1999, was a United States agency devoted to "public diplomacy". In 1999, USIA's broadcasting functions were moved to the newly created Broadcasting Board of Governors, and its exchange and non-broadcasting information functions were...
Radio Martí
Radio Martí
Radio y Televisión Martí is a radio and television broadcaster based in Miami, Florida, financed by the United States government , which transmits Spanish radio broadcasts to Cuba...
(1985) and TV Martí
TV Martí
TV Martí was created by the US government to provide news and current affairs programming to Cuba. It is named after Cuban independence leader José Martí, and is the television equivalent to Radio Marti.-History:...
(1990). Radio Martí and TV Martí are official U.S. broadcasting operations directed to the Cuban people.
Controversy
The Cuban American National Foundation has been accused by the Cuban government of planning and funding terrorist attacks within Cuba, including a September 1997 bombing that killed an Italian tourist in Havana. Most notably, the Cuban-born anti-Castro terrorist Luis Posada CarrilesLuis Posada Carriles
Luis Clemente Faustino Posada Carriles is a Cuban-born Venezuelan anti-communist and former Central Intelligence Agency agent....
claimed in 1998 that he received financial support from the Cuban American National Foundation for a bombing campaign carried out in 1997, although he has denied ties with the fatal attack. Posada has also been linked with the 1976 bombing of Cubana Airlines flight 455
Cubana Flight 455
Cubana Flight 455 was a Cuban flight from Barbados to Jamaica that was brought down by a terrorist attack on October 6, 1976. All 78 people on board the Douglas DC-8 aircraft were killed in what was then the deadliest terrorist airline attack in the Western hemisphere...
, which killed 73 passengers (all of whom were civilians). In August 1997 CANF released a statement unconditionally supporting terrorist attacks against Cuba; the CANF chairman at the time stated that "We do not think of these as terrorist actions".
Several ranking members of the CANF have been the subject of major drug trafficking prosecutions, and a few even had to step down from leadership positions at the institution due to drug trafficking charges, including Gaspar Jiménez and Rolando Mendoza. Additionally, militants associated with the CANF, such as Luis Posada Carriles
Luis Posada Carriles
Luis Clemente Faustino Posada Carriles is a Cuban-born Venezuelan anti-communist and former Central Intelligence Agency agent....
(who claims to have been funded by Jorge Mas Canosa) and his CORU group, and the Contras
Contras
The contras is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing Nicaragua's FSLN Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle's dictatorship...
(Pepe Hernández having been a Contra combatant, and several CANF members having ostensibly provided them with humanitarian aid), have been accused of large-scale drug trafficking.
Jose Antonio Llama
According to Jose Antonio LlamaJose Antonio Llama
Jose Antonio Llama was a former director on the executive board of the Cuban American National Foundation . Llama also took part in the United States Central Intelligence Agency backed Bay of Pigs Invasion....
, former director of the executive board of CANF, the paramilitary
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....
role of CANF was established in June 1992 during an annual congress meeting in Naples, Florida
Naples, Florida
Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of July 1, 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 21,653. Naples is a principal city of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated total population of 315,839 on July 1, 2007...
. The idea was born when a member recommended "doing more than lobbying
Lobbying
Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies. Lobbying is done by various people or groups, from private-sector individuals or corporations, fellow legislators or government officials, or...
in Washington" to overthrow the Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
n Communist government of Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
. Jorge Mas Canosa
Jorge Mas Canosa
Jorge Mass Canosa was a Cuban-American activist best known for his strong opposition to Fidel Castro and his leadership of the Cuban American National Foundation. He was considered by some to be the leading figure in the Cuban exile community in Miami, Florida...
and Francisco Jose Hernandez
Francisco Jose Hernandez
Francisco Jose Hernandez, known as "Pepe", born in 1936 is a Cuban exile of the 1960s, anti-Castro, and Bay of Pigs Invasion participant who is co-founder and president of the Cuban American National Foundation that claims to be taking a less overt position against the Cuban form of...
, known as "Pepe", were selected as leaders to choose the group for armed operations. Llama has maintained that foundations general board of directors were unaware, including at the time, the board chairman Jorge Mas Santos. With the group established in 1992, the following year brought about more extensive planning, including consideration on what will need to be purchased to carry out their missions. During the 1993 meeting in Puerto Rico, Jose "Pepe" Hernandez was selected as the groups leader due to his "...known record as a fighter in the 2506 Brigade
Brigade 2506
Brigade 2506 was the name given to a CIA-sponsored group of Cuban exiles formed in 1960 to attempt the military overthrow of the Cuban government headed by Fidel Castro...
and the Marines
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to deliver combined-arms task forces rapidly. It is one of seven uniformed services of the United States...
."
Llama who made a fortune installing air conditioners in Soviet vehicles, admitted in an interview with El Nuevo Herald
El Nuevo Herald
El Nuevo Herald is a McClatchy newspaper published daily in Spanish in Miami, Florida, in the United States. El Nuevo Heralds sister paper is The Miami Herald, also produced by the McClatchy Company.-About El Nuevo Herald:...
, the plot to kill Castro and cited other members of CANF as assisting in securing items, funding and participating in the planning. Llama stated he was coming forward because CANF had stolen 1.4 million USD of his own money, between 1994 to 1997, to plan the operation which did not go forward. Llama was considering a lawsuit to recoup his money..
Llamas admission came with a list of items acquired for carrying out the task of assassination, these included: a cargo helicopter
Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...
, 10 ultralight radio-controlled planes
Radio-controlled aircraft
A radio-controlled aircraft is controlled remotely by a hand-held transmitter and a receiver within the craft...
, seven vessels and explosives. One of those vessels was the Midnight Express fast boat
Go-fast boat
A go-fast boat, or cigarette boat, is a small, fast boat designed with a long narrow platform and a planing hull to enable it to reach high speeds....
, meant to take the CANF leader at the time, Jorge Mas Canosa
Jorge Mas Canosa
Jorge Mass Canosa was a Cuban-American activist best known for his strong opposition to Fidel Castro and his leadership of the Cuban American National Foundation. He was considered by some to be the leading figure in the Cuban exile community in Miami, Florida...
to Cuba if a power struggle erupted or the missions were successful. Another of those vessels was "La Esperanza" which was confiscated by the United States Department of the Treasury
United States Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue...
following the indictments of four cuban exile
Cuban exile
The term "Cuban exile" refers to the many Cubans who have sought alternative political or economic conditions outside the island, dating back to the Ten Years' War and the struggle for Cuban independence during the 19th century...
s plotting to assassinate Fidel Castro. The weapons and equipment cache on the yacht "La Esperanza" listed:
- (2) .50 caliber12 mm caliberThis article lists firearm cartridges which have a bullet in the to caliber range.*Length refers to the cartridge case length.*OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge.*Bullet refers to the diameter of the bullet....
sniper rifleSniper rifleIn military and law enforcement terminology, a sniper rifle is a precision-rifle used to ensure more accurate placement of bullets at longer ranges than other small arms. A typical sniper rifle is built for optimal levels of accuracy, fitted with a telescopic sight and chambered for a military...
s - GPS equipmentGlobal Positioning SystemThe Global Positioning System is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites...
- night-vision goggles
- light weight radios
- 12 rounds for a .357 pistol
The pistol matching the .357 rounds were never discovered. One of the .50 caliber sniper rifles belonged to Francisco "Pepe" Hernandez, president of CANF. La Esperanza set sail from the private dock of an undisclosed CANF foundation member.
Numbered pamphlet series
- U.S. radio broadcasting to Cuba: policy implications Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1982 (CANF pamphlet #1)
- The Cuban Scene: censors & dissenters by Carlos Ripoll Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1982 (CANF pamphlet #2)
- Fidel Castro and the bankers: the mortgaging of a revolution by Ernesto Betancourt and Wilson Dizard Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1983 (CANF pamphlet #3)
- U.S. policy options in Central America by Eduardo UlibarriEduardo UlibarriEduardo Ulibarri Bilbao is an award winning Costa Rican journalist.- Early life :Eduardo Ulibarri was born in Remedios, Cuba on February 3, 1952...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1982 (CANF pamphlet #4) - The revolution on balance by Hugh ThomasHugh ThomasHugh Thomas , is a British historian and life peer.Hugh Thomas may also refer to:* Hugh Thomas , American choral conductor, pianist and educator* Hugh Thomas , Australian rules football coach...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1983 (CANF pamphlet #5) - Cuba and the Cubans by Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1983 (CANF pamphlet #7)
- Castro's Narcotics Trade Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1983 (CANF pamphlet #8)
- Thinking about Cuba: unscrambling Cuban messages Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1983 (CANF pamphlet #9)
- Castro, Israel & the PLO by David Kopilow Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1984 (CANF pamphlet #10)
- Cuba as a model and a challenge by Kenneth N Skoug Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1984 (CANF pamphlet #11)
- Cuba's financial crisis: the secret report from Banco Nacional de Cuba, February 1985 Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1985 (CANF pamphlet #12)
- The children of Mariel from shock to integration: Cuban refugee children in South Florida schools by Helga Silva Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1985 (CANF pamphlet #13)
- The Kennedy Khrushchev pact and the Sandinistas by Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1985 (CANF pamphlet #14)
- Harnessing the intellectuals: censoring writers and artists in today's Cuba by Carlos Ripoll Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1985 (CANF pamphlet #15)
- Nicaragua's Slow March to Communism by Joshua MuravchikJoshua MuravchikJoshua Muravchik is a scholar formerly at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and now a fellow at the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University....
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1986 (CANF pamphlet #16) - Follow the leader in the Horn by William E. RatliffWilliam RatliffWilliam Ratliff is a research fellow and curator of Americas Collection at Stanford University's Hoover Institution, specializing in Latin America, China, and U.S. foreign policy. He is also a research fellow of the Independent Institute and has written on the economic and political development in...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1986 (CANF pamphlet #17) - Reagan on Cuba by Ronald ReaganRonald ReaganRonald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....
, intro. by George H. W. BushGeorge H. W. BushGeorge Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States . He had previously served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States , a congressman, an ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence.Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1986 (CANF pamphlet #18) - Political hospitality and tourism: Cuba and Nicaragua by Paul HollanderPaul HollanderPaul Hollander is an American scholar, journalist, and conservative political writer. He is known for his criticisms of Communism and left-wing politics. In 1956, he escaped to the west from his native country. He has a Ph.D in Sociology from Princeton University, 1963 and a B.A. from the London...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1986 (CANF pamphlet #19) - Fidel Castro and the United States press by John WallachJohn WallachJohn Wallach was an American journalist, author and editor as well as founder of Seeds of Peace international camp in Maine. He was a 1964 graduate of Middlebury College, where he gave the 1999 commencement address. In 2001, Wallach also gave a special address to a joint session of the Maine...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1985 (CANF pamphlet #20) - Castros Puerto Rican Obsession Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1987 (CANF pamphlet #21)
- Political imprisonment in Cuba by Amnesty InternationalAmnesty InternationalAmnesty International is an international non-governmental organisation whose stated mission is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."Following a publication of Peter Benenson's...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1987 (CANF pamphlet #22) - General del Pino speaks: an insight into elite corruption and military dissension in Castro's Cuba by Rafael del PinoRafael del PinoRafael del Pino y Moreno was one of the wealthiest men in Europe. He had a net worth of approximately 8.6 billion US dollars in 2007. Del Pino founded the construction company Ferrovial in 1952, which became one of Spain's largest builders...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #23) - Towards a New US Cuba Policy Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #24)
- The Cuban university under the revolution by Eusebio Mujal-Leon Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #25)
- Narco-terrorism and the Cuban connection by Rachel EhrenfeldRachel EhrenfeldDr. Rachel Ehrenfeld is an expert on terrorism and corruption-related topics. These include terror financing, economic warfare, and narco-terrorism. She has lectured on these issues in many countries, and has advised banking communities, law enforcement agencies, and governments.Dr. Ehrenfeld...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #26) - Castro's America department: coordinating Cuba's support for Marxist-Leninist violence in the Americas by Rex HudsonRex HudsonRex Haughton Hudson was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched two innings for the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Atlanta Braves on July 27, 1974. He allowed a three-run home run to Hank Aaron in that game. -External links:...
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #27) - Is Cuba changing? by Susan Kaufman Purcell Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #28)
- The Cuban revolution at 30: proceedings from a conference Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1988 (CANF pamphlet #29)
- Cuba's cloudy future by Susan Kaufman Purcell Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1990 (CANF pamphlet #30)
- Castro's "special period in a time of peace": proceedings from a conference sponsored by the Cuban American National Foundation, October 11, 1990, The Four Seasons Hotel. Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1990 (CANF pamphlet #31)
- Bush on Cuba by George H. W. Bush, intro. by Dan QuayleDan QuayleJames Danforth "Dan" Quayle served as the 44th Vice President of the United States, serving with President George H. W. Bush . He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Indiana....
Washington, DC: Cuban American National Foundation 1991 (CANF pamphlet #32)
Other
- "U.S. policy and the future of Cuba: the Cuban Democracy Act and U.S. travel to Cuba" joint hearings in the U.S. House of Representatives of the Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Trade & Environment, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs, and Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Washington, D.C., Thursday, November 18, 1993. Miami: Cuban American National Foundation 1993
- Cuba in crisis: proceedings from a conference sponsored by the Cuban American National Foundation, J.W. Marriott Hotel, Washington, D.C., Tuesday, October 26, 1993. Miami: Cuban American National Foundation 1993
- Cuba: between the devil and the deep blue sea by Tim BowerTim BowerTimothy Donald Bower was an Australian cricketer who played for Tasmania.-External links:...
Miami: Cuban American National Foundation 1994
See also
- Cuba-United States relationsCuba-United States relationsCuba and the United States of America have had an interest in one another since well before either of their independence movements. Plans for purchase of Cuba from the Spanish Empire were put forward at various times by United States...
- Opposition to Fidel CastroOpposition to Fidel CastroThe Cuban dissident movement is a political movement in Cuba whose aim is "to replace the current regime with a more democratic form of government". According to Human Rights Watch, the Cuban government represses nearly all forms of political dissent....
- Ethnic interest groups in the United StatesEthnic interest groups in the United StatesEthnic interest groups in the United States are ethnic interest groups within the United States which seek to influence the foreign policy and, to a lesser extent, the domestic policy of the United States for the benefit of the foreign "ethnic kin" or homeland with whom the respective ethnic groups...
Endnotes
External links
- Cuban American National Foundation/Fundacion Nacional Cubano Americano
- University Council of the Cuban American National Foundation
Non-CANF websites
- Cuban Exile Community. Archived on Latino Studies Resources at Indiana University. Retrieved May 20, 2005.
- Posada Carriles, Luis. Los Caminos del Guerrero. Spanish-language autobiography. August 1994. Retrieved May 12, 2005
- The Cuban Connection: Cuban-American Money in U.S. Elections,1979-2000. Published online by Opensecrets.org: Money in politics data. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
- CANF and the Free Cuba PAC
Articles and reports
- Executive director of CANF leaves to join Democrats. Associated Press, September 2, 2004. Archived on CANF website. Retrieved June 1, 2005.
- El Nuevo Diario. Posada Carriles operó aquí. Managua, Nicaragua. Marzo 26, 2001. Archived on Latino Studies Resources at Indiana University. Retrieved May 20, 2005.
- Cotayo, Charles and Pablo Alfonso. Un año sin Jorge Mas Canosa. El Nuevo Herald. 22 de noviembre de 1998. Archived on Latino Studies Resources at Indiana University. Retrieved May 20, 2005.
- Scahill, Jeremy. Cuban American National Foundation Sues the New York Times. Democracy Now!Democracy Now!Democracy Now! and its staff have received several journalism awards, including the Gracie Award from American Women in Radio & Television; the George Polk Award for its 1998 radio documentary Drilling and Killing: Chevron and Nigeria's Oil Dictatorship, on the Chevron Corporation and the deaths of...
. Streaming real audio. Friday, July 17, 1998. Retrieved May 18, 2005. - Franklin, Jane . Connections of CANF’s treasurer to Bush and Posada. Special for GranmaGranma (newspaper)Granma is the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party.Its name comes from the yacht Granma that carried Fidel Castro and 81 other rebels to Cuba's shores in 1956 launching the Cuban Revolution.-Editions:...
International. Reprinted on ZNet. Retrieved May 18, 2005. - Franklin, Jane . The Cuba Obsession. The ProgressiveThe ProgressiveThe Progressive is an American monthly magazine of politics, culture and progressivism with a pronounced liberal perspective on some issues. Known for its pacifism, it has strongly opposed military interventions, such as the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. The magazine also devotes much coverage...
July 1993. Reprinted en Francais L'obsession Cubaine: Ou la Véritable Histoire de la CANF. Retrieved May 18, 2005. - Gottlieb, Sanford. Cuban American Relations. Interview with Jose Cardena, CANF, et al. America's Defense Monitor, Center for Defense InformationCenter for Defense InformationThe Center for Defense Information , founded in 1972 by retired U.S. Navy Rear Admiral Gene La Rocque, states that it is dedicated to strengthening national and international security through international cooperation, reduced reliance on unilateral military power to resolve conflict, reduced...
. 1992. Retrieved May 18, 2005. - National Security Archive GWUGeorge Washington UniversityThe George Washington University is a private, coeducational comprehensive university located in Washington, D.C. in the United States...
, Luis Posada Carriles: the Declassified Record, (CIA and FBI documents), May 10, 2005. - National Security Archive GWUGeorge Washington UniversityThe George Washington University is a private, coeducational comprehensive university located in Washington, D.C. in the United States...
, The Posada File: Part II, (CIA documents), June 9, 2005 - As Cuba Changes, CANF Founder Seeks New Path by Laura Wides-Munoz, AP, September 13, 2009
Further reading
- Bardach, Ann Louise and Larry Rohter. A Bombers Tale: Taking Aim At Castro; Key Cuba Foe Claims Exiles' Backing. New York Times. Sunday, July 12, 1998. Late Edition - Final, Section 1 , Page 1 , Column 1. Abstract available online. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
- Bardach, Ann Louise and Larry Rohter. A Bomber's Tale; A Cuban Exile Details The "Horrendous Matter" Of A Bombing Campaign. New York Times. Sunday, July 12, 1998. Late Edition - Final, Section 1 , Page 10 , Column 1. Abstract available online. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
- The New York Times. Cuban Exiles Say Times Articles Are Baseless. Tuesday, July 14, 1998. Late Edition - Final, Section A , Page 7 , Column 1. Abstract available online. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
- The New York Times. Cuban Exile Says He Lied to Times About Financial Support. Tuesday, August 4, 1998. Final, Section A , Page 7 , Column 1. Abstract available online. Retrieved May 17, 2005.
Books
- Bardach, Ann Louise. Cuba Confidential: Love and Vengeance in Miami and Havana. 464 pages. Vintage, October 14, 2003. ISBN 0-385-72052-1. [Chapter 7 contains Posada interview]
- Bardach, Ann Louise. Cuba Confidencial. Spanish Edition. 544 pages. Plaza y Janes, September 28, 2004. ISBN 0-307-24289-7.