Cynarctoides lemur is an extinct species of Cynarctoides

Cynarctoides

Cynarctoides is an extinct genus of terrestrial canine of the family Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini which inhabited most of North America during the Whitneyan stage of the Early Oligocene to the Barstovian stage of the Middle Miocene 33.3—13.6 Mya existing approximately .-Origin:Cynarctoides...

, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae

Borophaginae

The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids called "bone crushing dogs" that were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 36—2.5 million years ago and existing for approximately .-Origin:...

 and tribe Phlaocyonini

Phlaocyonini

Phlaocyonini † is a hypocarnivorous clade or tribe of Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of canids that were endemic to North America and which lived during the Oligocene epoch to the Miocene living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . PhlaocyoniniThe clade includes Cynarctoides and...

, a canid endemic to various parts of central North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

 from the Late Oligocene to Miocene

Miocene

The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about . The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words and and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene...

 epoch (Harrisonian

Harrisonian

The Harrisonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology , typically set from 24,800,000 to 20,600,000 years BP, a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Chattian and Aquitarian stages...

 stage) living 24.8—20.6 mya

Anum

Anum is an Akan town in the Asuogyaman District of Eastern Ghana, across from the Volta Lake.an...

 and existed for approximately .

Fossil evidence suggests that C. lemur migrated to the east and southeast over time becoming extinct in the northwest followed by upper Great Plains

Great Plains

The Great Plains are a broad expanse of flat land, much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, which lies west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts of the U.S...

 and then the southeast.

Taxonomy

Cynarctoides lemur was named by Cope (1879). It was recombined as Galecynus lemur by Cope (1881); it was recombined as Cynodictis lemur by Scott (1898); it was recombined as Nothocyon lemur by Matthew (1899), Wortman and Matthew (1899), Wortman and Matthew (1899), Merriam (1906), Matthew (1907), Thorpe (1922), Hall and Martin (1930), Macdonald (1963), Macdonald (1970) and Munthe (1998); it was recombined as Cormocyon lemur by Wang and Fremd (1994); it was recombined as Cynarctoides lemur by Xiaoming Wang

Xiaoming Wang

Xiaoming Wang is a noted paleontologist and geologist born in People's Republic of China living in the United States.-Area of expertise:Dr. Wang specializes in the fossil evolution, systematics, and phylogeny of mammals of the Cenozoic...

, Richard H. Tedford

Richard H. Tedford

Richard Hall Tedford was Curator Emeritus in the Department of Vertebrate Paleontology of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, having been named as curator in 1969....

, et al. (1999).

Body mass

Two specimens were examined by Legendre and Roth for body mass.

• Specimen 1 was estimated to weigh 0.96 kg (2.1 lb).
• Specimen 2 was estimated to weigh 1.02 kg (2.2 lb).

Fossil distribution

• North Blue Basin, John Day Formation
  John Day Formation
  The John Day Formation is series of rock strata exposed in the John Day River basin of north-central Oregon in the United States. The strata, which vary in age from 39 million years to 18 million years, were formed mainly from ashfalls from volcanoes to the west...
  
  , Grant County, Oregon
  Grant County, Oregon
  Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is included in the 8 county definition of Eastern Oregon. In 2010, its population was 7,445. It is named for President Ulysses S. Grant, who served as an army officer in the Oregon Territory, and at the time of the county's creation...
  
   ~33.3—30.8 Ma.
• Sharps Site, Shannon County, South Dakota
  Shannon County, South Dakota
  As of the census of 2000, there were 12,466 people, 2,785 households, and 2,353 families residing in the county. The population density was 6 people per square mile . There were 3,123 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile...
  
   ~30.8—26.3 Ma.
• Godsell Ranch, Sharps Formation, Shannon County, South Dakota
  Shannon County, South Dakota
  As of the census of 2000, there were 12,466 people, 2,785 households, and 2,353 families residing in the county. The population density was 6 people per square mile . There were 3,123 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile...
  
   ~30.8—20.6 Ma.
• Buda Mine, Alachua County, Florida
  Alachua County, Florida
  Alachua County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. The U.S. Census Bureau 2006 estimate for the county is 227,120. Its county seat is Gainesville, Florida. Alachua County is the home of the University of Florida and is also known for its diverse culture, local music, and artisans...
  
  ~24.8—20.6 Ma.