DNA polymerase delta
Encyclopedia
DNA polymerase delta is an enzyme
complex found in eukaryote
s that is involved in DNA replication
and repair
, and it consists of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA
), the multisubunit replication factor C
, and the 4 subunit polymerase complex: POLD1
, POLD2
, POLD3
, and POLD4
.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
complex found in eukaryote
Eukaryote
A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes may more formally be referred to as the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The defining membrane-bound structure that sets eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells is the nucleus, or nuclear...
s that is involved in DNA replication
DNA replication
DNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA; it is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with one double-stranded DNA molecule and produces two identical copies of the molecule...
and repair
DNA repair
DNA repair refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1...
, and it consists of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA
PCNA
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, commonly known as PCNA, is a protein that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells. It achieves this processivity by encircling the DNA, thus creating a topological link to the genome...
), the multisubunit replication factor C
Replication factor C
The replication factor C, or RFC, is a five-subunit protein complex that is required for DNA replication.The subunits of this heteropentamer are named Rfc1, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5 . RFC is used in eukaryotic replication as a clamp loader, similar to the γ Complex in E. coli. Its role as clamp...
, and the 4 subunit polymerase complex: POLD1
POLD1
DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD1 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.-Further reading:...
, POLD2
POLD2
DNA polymerase delta subunit 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD2 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.-Further reading:...
, POLD3
POLD3
DNA polymerase delta subunit 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLD3 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.-Further reading:...
, and POLD4
POLD4
DNA polymerase delta subunit 4, also known as DNA polymerase delta subunit p12, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLD4 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex....
.