The DP camp Haid, officially Wohnsiedlung 121 Haid, was a camp for displaced persons first under the American administration, then the Upper Austrian administration. It was located in the district of Haid, Ansfelden

Ansfelden

Ansfelden is a town in Upper Austria, Austria, located 289 metres above sea level, with a population of about 15300. The rivers Traun and Krems run through the municipality...

 in Upper Austria. Displaced persons were civilians who were affected by the turmoil of World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, first with unknown residence.

After the Second World War Ansfelden belonged to the American occupation zone. The camp was set up by the American military administration at the existing labor camp of the Wehrmacht

Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...

from 1945. In September the same year between 8.000 and 9.000 captured SS men were guarded by American soldiers in the camp, who had to continue efforts to expand. In the following years, the camp was populated with displaced Jews from Poland and the homeless from Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary, Germany, Czechoslovakia and Transylvania, Sudeten Germans and Croats. In October 1956, when in Hungary the uprising against Communist rule with was crushed by Russian armored troops, some 700 refugees arrived in the last stocks of the camp.

Location

The camp was located on the present territory of the district Haid and was about half a square kilometer in size. Around 100 properties were in it, most built from wood (barracks), a few were built of stone - primarily for the management and commercial purposes. The barracks were about 270 m² in size and consisted mostly of one room.

Camp administration

In 1946 the camp administration under subordination of the Upper Austrian government took over the administration of the camp. Emil Lispky was the head of citizens from 1947 to 1964. He was assisted by officers, warehouse workers, employees and the Siedlungsrat. In 1949, the camp was occupied by 4.661 persons, 1.243 were fully occupied, 3.407 people got social welfare. From February to June 1957 the camp was administered by the League of Red Cross Societies.

Social situation in the camp

The people in the camp had different former professions. Most of them were farmers. Artisans and entrepreneurs and members of the clerical occupations were among them. The job-seeking expellees were initially provided only in agriculture and later in the construction industry and much later in the industry. Lots of the camp residents escaped the death camps in their home countries and arrived sick and broken in Austria. Due to the economic situation even the best-qualified people would have small chances for permanent employment, so that many migrated to other countries. The mass of old and sick people and those who could build up an existence remained. For medical care two doctors and three nurses were situated in the camp.

Commercial and business

In 1954 there were many shops in the camp: food, milk, meat, textiles and haberdashery, tailoring, hairdressing and photographer. Many of the inhabitants were into self-sufficiency with pigs, cows and small animals. In January 1949 a music school was opened.

Closure of the camp

In 1953, the LAWOG was founded, whose aim was to eliminate the barrack misery. The local council of Ansfelden decided to become a member of the cooperative. The year 1956 marked the implementation of first housing projects, Haid transformed into one of the largest construction sites in Austria. Step by step, the barracks were torn down and rows of apartment blocks were built up.

Literature and References

• Josef Fuchshuber: Ansfelden einst und jetzt. Teil 2. Published by Stadtgemeinde Ansfelden, 1988.
• Maria Weiss: D.P. Siedlung 121 Haid 1941 bis 1961. Historisch-biographische Fotodokumentation. Published by Stadtamt Ansfelden, 2004.
• Information des OÖ Landesarchives