Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company
Encyclopedia
CNR Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company (in ), often abbreviated as DLoco, is a company located in Dalian
, Liaoning Province, China
, producing railway locomotives, multiple units and diesel engines.
The factory was established in 1899 during the period of construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway
, and was under Japanese control from 1905, and later part of the Manchukuo
state. After the end of the Second World war the railway was under joint Chinese and Russia control until the 1950s when the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the city of Dalian were transferred to sole Chinese control. The factory was state owned, and controlled by the Ministry of Railways until 2001 when LORIC (China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation) was split into two groups; it then became one of the constituent companies of China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation (CNR) (after 2008 China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corporation Limited).
during the lease of the Liaodong Peninsula from China to the Russian Empire
,The lease and railway construction rights were obtained in the Li–Lobanov Treaty of 1896 and to the development of Dalian as a port and town.
In 1905, the "Shahekou Plant"The plant was located in the Shahekou District
of Dalian came under Japanese control as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth
, and in 1906 the railway from Dalian to Changchun
became part of the japanese controlled South Manchurian Railway.
In 1934 the factory together with Kawasaki Heavy Industries
, manufactured the Asia Express
high speed steam train for the South Manchuria Railway.
In 1945 at the end of the Second World War the city came under Soviet Russian control. The Chanchun Railway was jointly operated by China and Russia until 1952, when control was passed entirely to the Chinese government. Soviet Russian occupation ended in 1955.
Diesel locomotives were developed and produced at the plant, a prototype diesel electric type "JuLong" (巨龙 meaning 'grand dragon') was produced in 1958 based on the Russian ТЭ10 locomotive and Fairbanks Morse FM38D opposed piston engine, which led to the DF class diesel electric locomotives entered production in 1964.
The change from steam to diesel production began in 1965, and in 1969, the first of the China Railways DF4
class of locomotives was produced. The DF4 series of locomotive type became the main mainline diesel locomotive type in China, and developments were produced in the following decades; including the DF4B in 1984, the DF4D in 1996.
In the 1980s the company began a decade long research partnership with Ricardo plc
into increasing the power output and efficiency of its DL240 diesel engine products. In 1997 it began working with Southwest Research Institute
(USA) on the design of a new locomotive diesel engine.
By 2000 the company was producing half of the China's internal supply of diesel locomotives, and manufactured 80% of the countries diesel locomotive exports.
In the first decade of the 21st century the plant began producing two new mainline locomotive product types; the China Railways HXD3
electric locomotives in association with Toshiba
, a joint venture with Toshiba (大连东芝机车电气设备有限公司, Dalian Toshiba Locomotive Electric Equipment Co., Ltd.) was formed in 2002 for the manufacturer of electric traction and auxiliary equipment (inverter
s). Also in the 2000s the diesel electric locomotives China Railways HXN3 were produced at Dalian in association with GM EMD.
The company plans to move in 2010-2015 to Lushunkou District (Port Arthur), about 30 kilometers west of downtown Dalian. The groundbreaking ceremony for a new plant took place in 2009.
. Basic research is also done at the main campus of Dalian Jiaotong University
, independently or funded by the company.
The CNR Dalian Research Institute is the factorys' technical center. It was gradually built up from the 1960s until 1994 when it was approved as a national level center. It employes about 500 employees involved in technology development as well as acting as an interface to the new technology imported from overseas.
Also in Dalian is the CNR Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd. (中国北车集团大连机车研究所有限公司), founded 1922; the organisation became a company subsidiary of China CNR Corporation in 2007.
The latest models of the locomotives, the company's main businesses, are:
The company has a capacity of producing 600 combustion engine and electric locomotives, 300 urban transportation vehicles and repairing 150 locomotives per year.
Diesel engines for use by locomotives, oil wells, industrial electric power generators, ships and the military are also produced.
As the need for urban commuter trains has increased in China recently, the company in 2003 provided light rail
trains to Dalian's Light Rail No. 3 Line
.
The company also exports its products; the first export order was from Myanmar
in 1995. They have been exported to over ten countries; Nigeria
, Tanzania and Zambia
in Africa; and Turkey
, Malaysia (KTM Class 29
) and North Korea
in Asia. Contracts were signed in 2001 to supply 69 locomotives to Pakistan
, and in 2002 to supply 152 locomotives to Kazakhstan
.
In 2008 the company signed a contract to supply diesel locomotives to its first Western customer, KiwiRail
of New Zealand. Twenty double cab locomotives have been supplied, with another twenty ordered. The first six locomotives arrived in New Zealand in November 2010 and trials were successful with the locomotives easing well into service; the remaining fourteen arrived in June 2011. They are New Zealand's first Chinese-built locomotives, NZR DL class
in KiwiRail locomotive parlance.
Dalian
Dalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...
, Liaoning Province, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, producing railway locomotives, multiple units and diesel engines.
The factory was established in 1899 during the period of construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or was a railway in northeastern China . It connected Chita and the Russian Far East. English-speakers have sometimes referred to this line as the Manchurian Railway...
, and was under Japanese control from 1905, and later part of the Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...
state. After the end of the Second World war the railway was under joint Chinese and Russia control until the 1950s when the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the city of Dalian were transferred to sole Chinese control. The factory was state owned, and controlled by the Ministry of Railways until 2001 when LORIC (China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation) was split into two groups; it then became one of the constituent companies of China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation (CNR) (after 2008 China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corporation Limited).
1899-1952
The locomotive factory in Dalian was founded in 1899, contemporary with the construction of the southern branch of the Chinese Eastern RailwayChinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or was a railway in northeastern China . It connected Chita and the Russian Far East. English-speakers have sometimes referred to this line as the Manchurian Railway...
during the lease of the Liaodong Peninsula from China to the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
,The lease and railway construction rights were obtained in the Li–Lobanov Treaty of 1896 and to the development of Dalian as a port and town.
In 1905, the "Shahekou Plant"The plant was located in the Shahekou District
Shahekou District
Shahekou District is a District under the administration of the city of Dalian, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It is located in the western portion of the city. The district has a total area of , and a population of approximately 610,000 people...
of Dalian came under Japanese control as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty of Portsmouth
The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine in the USA.-Negotiations:...
, and in 1906 the railway from Dalian to Changchun
Changchun
Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
became part of the japanese controlled South Manchurian Railway.
Kawasaki Heavy Industries
is an international corporation based in Japan. It has headquarters in both Chūō-ku, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo.The company is named after its founder Shōzō Kawasaki and has no connection with the city of Kawasaki, Kanagawa....
, manufactured the Asia Express
Asia Express
The Asia Express was an express train built and operated by the South Manchuria Railway from 1934 until 1943....
high speed steam train for the South Manchuria Railway.
In 1945 at the end of the Second World War the city came under Soviet Russian control. The Chanchun Railway was jointly operated by China and Russia until 1952, when control was passed entirely to the Chinese government. Soviet Russian occupation ended in 1955.
1952-2000
In 1956 the company manufacturerd the China Railways HP prototype 2-10-2 steam powered locomotive. and in 1957, the first China Railways JS class 2-8-2 locomotive, of which 1916 were built at different plants. as well as other steam locomotives.Diesel locomotives were developed and produced at the plant, a prototype diesel electric type "JuLong" (巨龙 meaning 'grand dragon') was produced in 1958 based on the Russian ТЭ10 locomotive and Fairbanks Morse FM38D opposed piston engine, which led to the DF class diesel electric locomotives entered production in 1964.
The change from steam to diesel production began in 1965, and in 1969, the first of the China Railways DF4
China Railways DF4
The DF4 is a type of diesel locomotive used in the People's Republic of China. It has been in production since 1969 and is still produced as of 2007 by several local companies. It is the most common locomotive in China and is used for both passenger and freight services.-DF4:The first DF4 was...
class of locomotives was produced. The DF4 series of locomotive type became the main mainline diesel locomotive type in China, and developments were produced in the following decades; including the DF4B in 1984, the DF4D in 1996.
In the 1980s the company began a decade long research partnership with Ricardo plc
Ricardo plc
Ricardo plc is a British publicly listed company named after its founder, Sir Harry Ricardo and founded on 30 June 1927 in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex. The company is a leading global multi-industry engineering provider of technology, product innovation and strategic consulting...
into increasing the power output and efficiency of its DL240 diesel engine products. In 1997 it began working with Southwest Research Institute
Southwest Research Institute
Southwest Research Institute , headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, is one of the oldest and largest independent, nonprofit, applied research and development organizations in the United States...
(USA) on the design of a new locomotive diesel engine.
By 2000 the company was producing half of the China's internal supply of diesel locomotives, and manufactured 80% of the countries diesel locomotive exports.
2000-
The state company China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation, or LORIC, was split into the northern and southern groups; in 2000 the company became part of the newly formed China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation along with other rail vehicle manufacturers in China.In the first decade of the 21st century the plant began producing two new mainline locomotive product types; the China Railways HXD3
China Railways HXD3
HXD3 is an electric locomotive built in Mainland China by CNR Dalian Locomotives.The locomotive is designed for hauling 5,000t freight trains on main lines...
electric locomotives in association with Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
, a joint venture with Toshiba (大连东芝机车电气设备有限公司, Dalian Toshiba Locomotive Electric Equipment Co., Ltd.) was formed in 2002 for the manufacturer of electric traction and auxiliary equipment (inverter
Inverter
Inverter may refer to* Inverter , a device that converts direct current to alternating current** Inverter , an air conditioner that can continuously regulate its output by altering the compressor speed in response to cooling demand** Uninterruptible power supply, which often are based on an...
s). Also in the 2000s the diesel electric locomotives China Railways HXN3 were produced at Dalian in association with GM EMD.
The company plans to move in 2010-2015 to Lushunkou District (Port Arthur), about 30 kilometers west of downtown Dalian. The groundbreaking ceremony for a new plant took place in 2009.
Research, development and education
In 1956, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Manufacturing School was established nearby on Huanghe Road, which became the Dalian Railway Institute in 1958, and in 2004 Dalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian Jiaotong University
Dalian Jiaotong University is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government. It has its larger campus near downtown Dalian and smaller campus in the High-Tech zone in Lüshun. Until 2004, it was known as Dalian Railway Institute ....
. Basic research is also done at the main campus of Dalian Jiaotong University
Dalian Jiaotong University
Dalian Jiaotong University is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government. It has its larger campus near downtown Dalian and smaller campus in the High-Tech zone in Lüshun. Until 2004, it was known as Dalian Railway Institute ....
, independently or funded by the company.
The CNR Dalian Research Institute is the factorys' technical center. It was gradually built up from the 1960s until 1994 when it was approved as a national level center. It employes about 500 employees involved in technology development as well as acting as an interface to the new technology imported from overseas.
Also in Dalian is the CNR Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd. (中国北车集团大连机车研究所有限公司), founded 1922; the organisation became a company subsidiary of China CNR Corporation in 2007.
Products and services
DLoco is today engaged in five lines of business:- Manufacturing diesel locomotives
- Manufacturing electric locomotives
- Manufacturing urban transportation vehicles
- Manufacturing diesel engines
- Repairing locomotives
The latest models of the locomotives, the company's main businesses, are:
- "East Wind No. 4" locomotive for passenger train since 1997
- "East Wind No. 11D" locomotive for passenger and freight trains
- "East Wind No. 8D" locomotive for freight train
- "Shaoshan 4 Upgrade" electric locomotive since 2000 and "Shaoshan No. 7E" electric locomotive since 2002
The company has a capacity of producing 600 combustion engine and electric locomotives, 300 urban transportation vehicles and repairing 150 locomotives per year.
Diesel engines for use by locomotives, oil wells, industrial electric power generators, ships and the military are also produced.
As the need for urban commuter trains has increased in China recently, the company in 2003 provided light rail
Light rail
Light rail or light rail transit is a form of urban rail public transportation that generally has a lower capacity and lower speed than heavy rail and metro systems, but higher capacity and higher speed than traditional street-running tram systems...
trains to Dalian's Light Rail No. 3 Line
Dalian Metro
At present, Dalian has no operating subway system, but the Dalian Metro, which is a rapid transit system in the city of Dalian, China. The system opened on 1 May 2003The system currently consists of one full line & one branch line:...
.
The company also exports its products; the first export order was from Myanmar
Myanmar
Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
in 1995. They have been exported to over ten countries; Nigeria
Nigeria
Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
, Tanzania and Zambia
Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority
The TAZARA Railway was built between 1970 and 1975 by the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority to give landlocked Zambia a link to the Tanzanian port of Dar es Salaam, as an alternative to export routes via rail lines to Rhodesia , South Africa,...
in Africa; and Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, Malaysia (KTM Class 29
KTM Class 29
The KTM Class 29 is a class of mainline diesel electric locomotives built in China by Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company for operations by Keretapi Tanah Melayu of Malaysia on its freight services.-History:...
) and North Korea
North Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
in Asia. Contracts were signed in 2001 to supply 69 locomotives to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, and in 2002 to supply 152 locomotives to Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
.
In 2008 the company signed a contract to supply diesel locomotives to its first Western customer, KiwiRail
KiwiRail
KiwiRail Holdings Limited is the rail operations subsidiary of the New Zealand Railways Corporation, which trades as KiwiRail. Headquartered in Wellington, New Zealand, KiwiRail is the largest rail transport operator in New Zealand. Since July 2010 John Spencer has been the Chairman...
of New Zealand. Twenty double cab locomotives have been supplied, with another twenty ordered. The first six locomotives arrived in New Zealand in November 2010 and trials were successful with the locomotives easing well into service; the remaining fourteen arrived in June 2011. They are New Zealand's first Chinese-built locomotives, NZR DL class
NZR DL class
The NZR DL class is a class of diesel-electric locomotives manufactured for KiwiRail by Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company with engines from MTU...
in KiwiRail locomotive parlance.
See also
:Category:Dalian locomotives- China Ministry of RailwaysMinistry of Railways of the People's Republic of ChinaThe Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China is a member of the State Council of the People's Republic of China...
External links
- Official Web Site (in Chinese)
- China CNR Corporation Ltd. (in Chinese/English) Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company corporate video Dalian Locomotive factory (entrance)