Daniel Schwarz
Encyclopedia
Daniel R. Schwarz is Frederick J. Whiton Professor of English Literature and Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow at Cornell University
in the USA where he has taught since 1968. He is the author of fifteen significant books and numerous article, many of which have appeared in prestigious journals and collections of essays. His forthcoming book, Endtimes? Crises and Turmoil at the New York Times: 1999-2009 will appear in the first quarter of 2012. He has directed nine NEH seminars and has lectured widely in the United States and abroad, including a number of lecture tours under the auspices of the academic programs of the USIS and the State Department. He was a founding member of the Society for the Study of Narrative Literature and served as its President from 1990 to 1991. He has held three endowed visiting professorships (at the University of Arkansas, Little Rock, 1989; the University of Hawaii, 1992-93; and the University of Alabama, Huntsville, 1996). He was a guest Fellow for short periods at Oxford (Brasenose) and Cambridge (Girton) in the UK. He has been the President of the Cornell Phi Beta Kappa chapter since 2009.
He has received recognition as an outstanding teacher. In 1998 he received Cornell's College of Arts and Sciences Russell award for distinguished teaching; the Weiss title, awarded by the University in 1999, further honors his teaching. His former graduate students and NEH
participants have put together a forthcoming festschrift in his honor. Its title--Reading Texts, Reading Live: Essays in the Tradition of Humanistic Cultural Criticisim in Honor of Daniel R. Schwarz--testifies to Schwarz's influence as a teacher and scholar.
Contributions:
1) Theory
Schwarz is a humanist and a pluralist; his literary criticism
takes account of the theoretical revolution while avoiding the abstractions of much modern critical theory
in favor of a consideration of both context and text. What he calls his "mantra" summarizes his efforts to balance formalism
and historical criticism
: "Always the text; always historicize." Historical criticism, for Schwarz, may include a psychoanalytic emphasis which takes into account the author's quest for meaning within a text. He explains his perspective in The Case for a Humanistic Poetics: "Since humanistic criticism assumes that texts are by human authors for human readers about human subjects, a humanistic criticism is interested in how and why people think, write, ct, and ultimately live." Schwarz has called his approach "humanistic formalism." He focuses on the process of reading, specifically how the reader responds to the structure of effects created by the author and how readers learn from literary texts. (See, for example, his 2008 Wiley-Blackwell Manifesto, In Defense of Reading)
In the 1980s and 1990s Schwarz was an important figure in the theoretical debates, arguing in The Humanistic Hertitage: Critical Theories of the English Novel from James to Hillis Miller (1986) that there was an important methodological and theoretical approach underpinning Anglo-American modern criticism and providing close readings of major critics to prove this point. In his The Case for a Humanistic Poetics (1989), he carefully defined his own approach.
2) High Modernism
For decades, beginning with his two volume study of Conrad's complete works--Conrad: Almayer's Folly through Under Western Eyes (1980) and Conrad: Later Fiction (1982)--Schwarz has been an important figure in defining High Modernism and in closely reading major texts of that period. His Reading Joyce's Ulysses (1987; revised 2004) is still an influential work, and his Narrative and Representation in Wallace Stevens (1993) is an important contribution
to the study of that poet. His work on modernism includes important articles on T.S. Eliot and Dylan Thomas. The Transformation of the English Novel, 1890-1930 (1989; revised 1995) and Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel, 1890-1930 (2005) discuss not only Conrad and Joyce, but also Hardy, Lawrence, Woolf, and Forster. Schwarz's editions of Joyce's "The Dead" and Conrad's "The Secret Sharer" are widely used in classes. Schwarz's Reconfiguring Modernism: Explorations in the Relationship Between Modern Art and Modern Literature (1997) made him a pivotal figure in developing the relationship between the literary and visual arts.
3) Holocaust and Jewish Studies
In Imagining the Holocaust (1999), a major study of books and films about the Holocaust including books by Eli Weisel, Ann Frank, and Art Spiegelman and films by Claude Lanzmann and Steven Spielberg, Schwarz focuses on the relationship among memory, imagination, and narrative. Schwarz's interest in Jewish studies began with his Disraeli's Fiction (1979) and continued with his discussion of Bloom in Reading Joyce's Ulysses.
4) Cultural Studies
While maintaining his interest in the above fields, Schwarz has turned his attention to media culture and urban studies in Broadway Boogie Woogie: Damon Runyon and the Making of New York City Culture (2003) and his forthcoming Endtimes? Crises and Turmoil at the New York Times: 1999-2009. He has also edited Damon Runyon: Guys and Dolls and other Writings for Penquin Classics (2008).
Biography:
Schwarz holds a B.A. from Union College (New York) and an M.A. and Ph.D. from Brown University
. His interests include travel, art museums, theater, and sports. He has two sons by his first marriage: David, the men's varsity tennis coach at Brown University, and Jeffrey, currently working in the mutual fund industry. His wife, Marcia Jacobson, is retired from Auburn University; she is the Hargis Professor of American Literature Emerita.
Books:
Editions:
Poetry and Travel Articles:
Schwarz has published about 75 poems, a short story that has been anthologized, and numerous travel articles. See his homepage: http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/drs6
Cornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...
in the USA where he has taught since 1968. He is the author of fifteen significant books and numerous article, many of which have appeared in prestigious journals and collections of essays. His forthcoming book, Endtimes? Crises and Turmoil at the New York Times: 1999-2009 will appear in the first quarter of 2012. He has directed nine NEH seminars and has lectured widely in the United States and abroad, including a number of lecture tours under the auspices of the academic programs of the USIS and the State Department. He was a founding member of the Society for the Study of Narrative Literature and served as its President from 1990 to 1991. He has held three endowed visiting professorships (at the University of Arkansas, Little Rock, 1989; the University of Hawaii, 1992-93; and the University of Alabama, Huntsville, 1996). He was a guest Fellow for short periods at Oxford (Brasenose) and Cambridge (Girton) in the UK. He has been the President of the Cornell Phi Beta Kappa chapter since 2009.
He has received recognition as an outstanding teacher. In 1998 he received Cornell's College of Arts and Sciences Russell award for distinguished teaching; the Weiss title, awarded by the University in 1999, further honors his teaching. His former graduate students and NEH
participants have put together a forthcoming festschrift in his honor. Its title--Reading Texts, Reading Live: Essays in the Tradition of Humanistic Cultural Criticisim in Honor of Daniel R. Schwarz--testifies to Schwarz's influence as a teacher and scholar.
Contributions:
1) Theory
Schwarz is a humanist and a pluralist; his literary criticism
Literary criticism
Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often informed by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of its methods and goals...
takes account of the theoretical revolution while avoiding the abstractions of much modern critical theory
Critical theory
Critical theory is an examination and critique of society and culture, drawing from knowledge across the social sciences and humanities. The term has two different meanings with different origins and histories: one originating in sociology and the other in literary criticism...
in favor of a consideration of both context and text. What he calls his "mantra" summarizes his efforts to balance formalism
Formalism
The term formalism describes an emphasis on form over content or meaning in the arts, literature, or philosophy. A practitioner of formalism is called a formalist. A formalist, with respect to some discipline, holds that there is no transcendent meaning to that discipline other than the literal...
and historical criticism
Historical criticism
Historical criticism, or historical-critical method, and also known as higher criticism, is a branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text in order to understand "the world behind the text"....
: "Always the text; always historicize." Historical criticism, for Schwarz, may include a psychoanalytic emphasis which takes into account the author's quest for meaning within a text. He explains his perspective in The Case for a Humanistic Poetics: "Since humanistic criticism assumes that texts are by human authors for human readers about human subjects, a humanistic criticism is interested in how and why people think, write, ct, and ultimately live." Schwarz has called his approach "humanistic formalism." He focuses on the process of reading, specifically how the reader responds to the structure of effects created by the author and how readers learn from literary texts. (See, for example, his 2008 Wiley-Blackwell Manifesto, In Defense of Reading)
In the 1980s and 1990s Schwarz was an important figure in the theoretical debates, arguing in The Humanistic Hertitage: Critical Theories of the English Novel from James to Hillis Miller (1986) that there was an important methodological and theoretical approach underpinning Anglo-American modern criticism and providing close readings of major critics to prove this point. In his The Case for a Humanistic Poetics (1989), he carefully defined his own approach.
2) High Modernism
For decades, beginning with his two volume study of Conrad's complete works--Conrad: Almayer's Folly through Under Western Eyes (1980) and Conrad: Later Fiction (1982)--Schwarz has been an important figure in defining High Modernism and in closely reading major texts of that period. His Reading Joyce's Ulysses (1987; revised 2004) is still an influential work, and his Narrative and Representation in Wallace Stevens (1993) is an important contribution
to the study of that poet. His work on modernism includes important articles on T.S. Eliot and Dylan Thomas. The Transformation of the English Novel, 1890-1930 (1989; revised 1995) and Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel, 1890-1930 (2005) discuss not only Conrad and Joyce, but also Hardy, Lawrence, Woolf, and Forster. Schwarz's editions of Joyce's "The Dead" and Conrad's "The Secret Sharer" are widely used in classes. Schwarz's Reconfiguring Modernism: Explorations in the Relationship Between Modern Art and Modern Literature (1997) made him a pivotal figure in developing the relationship between the literary and visual arts.
3) Holocaust and Jewish Studies
In Imagining the Holocaust (1999), a major study of books and films about the Holocaust including books by Eli Weisel, Ann Frank, and Art Spiegelman and films by Claude Lanzmann and Steven Spielberg, Schwarz focuses on the relationship among memory, imagination, and narrative. Schwarz's interest in Jewish studies began with his Disraeli's Fiction (1979) and continued with his discussion of Bloom in Reading Joyce's Ulysses.
4) Cultural Studies
While maintaining his interest in the above fields, Schwarz has turned his attention to media culture and urban studies in Broadway Boogie Woogie: Damon Runyon and the Making of New York City Culture (2003) and his forthcoming Endtimes? Crises and Turmoil at the New York Times: 1999-2009. He has also edited Damon Runyon: Guys and Dolls and other Writings for Penquin Classics (2008).
Biography:
Schwarz holds a B.A. from Union College (New York) and an M.A. and Ph.D. from Brown University
Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III ,...
. His interests include travel, art museums, theater, and sports. He has two sons by his first marriage: David, the men's varsity tennis coach at Brown University, and Jeffrey, currently working in the mutual fund industry. His wife, Marcia Jacobson, is retired from Auburn University; she is the Hargis Professor of American Literature Emerita.
Books:
- Reading the European Novel: A Critical Study of Major Works from Cervantes' Don Quixote to Lampedusa's The Leopard (under contract with Wiley-Blackwell)
- Endtimes? Crises and Turmoil at the New York Times: 1999-2009 (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2012, forthcoming)
- In Defense of Reading: Teaching Literature in the Twenty-First Century (Malden, Mass.; Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2008)
- Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel, 1890-1930 (Malden, MA; Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2005)
- Broadway Boogie Woogie: Damon RunyonDamon RunyonAlfred Damon Runyon was an American newspaperman and writer.He was best known for his short stories celebrating the world of Broadway in New York City that grew out of the Prohibition era. To New Yorkers of his generation, a "Damon Runyon character" evoked a distinctive social type from the...
and the Making of New York City Culture (New York: Palgrave Macmillan: New York and London, 2003) - Rereading ConradJoseph ConradJoseph Conrad was a Polish-born English novelist.Conrad is regarded as one of the great novelists in English, although he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties...
(Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2001) - Imagining the Holocaust (New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan,1999)
- Reconfiguring ModernismModernismModernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement, its set of cultural tendencies and array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society...
: Explorations in the Relationship Between Modern ArtModern artModern art includes artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of...
and Modern LiteratureModern literatureModern literature can either refer to*modernist literature *modern literature ....
(New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan, 1997) - Narrative and Representation in Wallace StevensWallace StevensWallace Stevens was an American Modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and spent most of his life working as a lawyer for the Hartford insurance company in Connecticut.His best-known poems include "Anecdote of the Jar",...
(New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan, 1993) Chosen by Choice as an outstanding book of 1993. - The Case for a Humanistic Poetics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; London: Macmillan, 1991)
- The Transformation of the English NovelEnglish novelThe English novel is an important part of English literature.-Early novels in English:A number of works of literature have each been claimed as the first novel in English. See the article First novel in English.-Romantic novel:...
, 1890-1930 (New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan, 1989; revised 1995) - Reading JoyceJames JoyceJames Augustine Aloysius Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century...
's "Ulysses"Ulysses (novel)Ulysses is a novel by the Irish author James Joyce. It was first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on 2 February 1922, in Paris. One of the most important works of Modernist literature,...
(New York: St. Martin's Press; London: Macmillan, 1987; revised 1991,2004) - The Humanistic Heritage: Critical Theories of the English Novel from JamesHenry JamesHenry James, OM was an American-born writer, regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism. He was the son of Henry James, Sr., a clergyman, and the brother of philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James....
to Hillis Miller (Philadelphia, PA: University of Philadelphia Press; London: Macmillan, 1986; revised 1989) - ConradJoseph ConradJoseph Conrad was a Polish-born English novelist.Conrad is regarded as one of the great novelists in English, although he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties...
: The Later Fiction (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press; London: Macmillan, 1982) - ConradJoseph ConradJoseph Conrad was a Polish-born English novelist.Conrad is regarded as one of the great novelists in English, although he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties...
: "Almayer's Folly" through "under Western Eyes" (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; London: Macmillan, 1980) - Disraeli's Fiction (New York: Barnes and Noble; London: Macmillan, 1979)
Editions:
- Ed., Damon Runyon: Guys and Dolls and other Writings (New York: Penguin, 2008)
- General Ed., Reading the American and British Novel, 9 vols. (Malden, MA; Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 3 vols. published; remainer in progress)
- Consulting Ed., The Early Novels of Benjamin Disraeli, 6 vols. (London: Pickering and Chatto, LTD, 2004)
- Ed., Joseph ConradJoseph ConradJoseph Conrad was a Polish-born English novelist.Conrad is regarded as one of the great novelists in English, although he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties...
, "The Secret Sharer" (Boston; New York: Bedford/St. Martins [Beford Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism], 1997) - Ed., James JoyceJames JoyceJames Augustine Aloysius Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century...
, "The Dead" (Boston, New York: Bedofrd/St. Martins [Bedford Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism], 1994) - Ed., with Janice Carlise, Narrative and Culture (Athens, GA: Unviersity of Georgia Press, 1994; reissued 2010)
Poetry and Travel Articles:
Schwarz has published about 75 poems, a short story that has been anthologized, and numerous travel articles. See his homepage: http://courses.cit.cornell.edu/drs6