Daude de Pradas
Encyclopedia
Daude, Deude, Daurde, or Daudé de Pradas (fl.
1214–1282) was a troubadour
from Prades-Salars
in the Rouergue
not far from Rodez
. He lived to an old age and left behind seventeen to nineteen cansos
, including twelve on courtly love
, three about sexual conquest, one tenso
, one planh
(on the death of Uc Brunenc), and a religious song. Only one melody of his entire oeuvre has survived.
According to his vida
, he was a canon
of Maguelonne. A canon and magister of the name Deodatus de Pradas or Pratis appears in many documents from Rodez in the same time period. Some scholars believe it is not likely that Daude was a canon at all, while some presume him to have been a canon, not at Maguelonne, but Santa Maria in Rodez. Daude is often found in the company of the Counts and Bishops of Rodez and was named vicar general
of Rodez by Pope Clement IV
(1266).
According to his vida, Daude was reputed as a "wise man in letters, with natural wit and invention", but because he was not inspired by love, his songs were not popular and consequently not sung. Daude also possessed a keen knowledge of raptors
, and wrote a treatise on falconry
entitled Auzels Cassadors. He also stepped outside of the troubadour lyric to write a didactic poem (ensenhamen
) on the four cardinal virtues
.
Daude, in his love songs, expresses amor for a lady of higher rank in hope that Merces (mercy) will intercede for him. But when he finally encounters his Joi Novel (new joy) in her castle, her haughtiness is unbearable:
Daude, like many troubadours, turns to Bel Desir (fair desire) for assistance, but he sometimes employs the term bel desir to refer to the lady's desire as well as his own and sometimes possibly even to a male confidante when his lover becomes troublesome.
Daude's surviving music has some features in common with Gui d'Ussel
, to whom he refers in his tenso, but it is less motivically varied than Gui's. It, too, however, is through-composed
. It is possible that Daude also had contact with Peire Cardenal
or Guiraut Riquier
in Rodez.
Floruit
Floruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...
1214–1282) was a troubadour
Troubadour
A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages . Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz....
from Prades-Salars
Prades-Salars
Prades-Salars is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.-Population:-References:*...
in the Rouergue
Rouergue
Rouergue is a former province of France, bounded on the north by Auvergne, on the south and southwest by Languedoc, on the east by Gévaudan and on the west by Quercy...
not far from Rodez
Rodez
Rodez is a town and commune in southern France, in the Aveyron department, of which it is the capital. Its inhabitants are called Ruthénois.-History:Existing from at least the 5th century BC, Rodez was founded by the Celts...
. He lived to an old age and left behind seventeen to nineteen cansos
Canso (song)
The canso is a song style used by the troubadours. It consists of three parts. The first stanza is the exordium, where the composer explains his purpose. The main body of the song occurs in the following stanzas, and usually draw out a variety of relationships with the exordium. The canso can end...
, including twelve on courtly love
Courtly love
Courtly love was a medieval European conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration. Generally, courtly love was secret and between members of the nobility. It was also generally not practiced between husband and wife....
, three about sexual conquest, one tenso
Tenso
A tenso is a style of Occitan song favoured by the troubadours. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position on a topic relating to love or ethics. Closely related genres include the partimen and the cobla exchange...
, one planh
Planh
The planh or plaing is a funeral lament used by the troubadours, modeled on the medieval Latin planctus. It differed from the planctus in that it was intended for a secular audience...
(on the death of Uc Brunenc), and a religious song. Only one melody of his entire oeuvre has survived.
According to his vida
Vida (Occitan literary form)
Vida is the usual term for a brief prose biography, written in Old Occitan, of a troubadour or trobairitz.The word vida means "life" in Occitan languages. In the chansonniers, the manuscript collections of medieval troubadour poetry, the works of a particular author are often accompanied by a...
, he was a canon
Canon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of Maguelonne. A canon and magister of the name Deodatus de Pradas or Pratis appears in many documents from Rodez in the same time period. Some scholars believe it is not likely that Daude was a canon at all, while some presume him to have been a canon, not at Maguelonne, but Santa Maria in Rodez. Daude is often found in the company of the Counts and Bishops of Rodez and was named vicar general
Vicar general
A vicar general is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular...
of Rodez by Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV
Pope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France...
(1266).
According to his vida, Daude was reputed as a "wise man in letters, with natural wit and invention", but because he was not inspired by love, his songs were not popular and consequently not sung. Daude also possessed a keen knowledge of raptors
Bird of prey
Birds of prey are birds that hunt for food primarily on the wing, using their keen senses, especially vision. They are defined as birds that primarily hunt vertebrates, including other birds. Their talons and beaks tend to be relatively large, powerful and adapted for tearing and/or piercing flesh....
, and wrote a treatise on falconry
Falconry
Falconry is "the taking of wild quarry in its natural state and habitat by means of a trained raptor". There are two traditional terms used to describe a person involved in falconry: a falconer flies a falcon; an austringer flies a hawk or an eagle...
entitled Auzels Cassadors. He also stepped outside of the troubadour lyric to write a didactic poem (ensenhamen
Ensenhamen
An ensenhamen was an Occitan didactic poem associated with the troubadours. As a genre of Occitan literature, its limits have been open to debate since it was first defined in the 19th century...
) on the four cardinal virtues
Cardinal virtues
In Christian traditionthere are 4 cardinal virtues:*Prudence - able to judge between actions with regard to appropriate actions at a given time*Justice - proper moderation between self-interest and the rights and needs of others...
.
Daude, in his love songs, expresses amor for a lady of higher rank in hope that Merces (mercy) will intercede for him. But when he finally encounters his Joi Novel (new joy) in her castle, her haughtiness is unbearable:
|
|
Daude, like many troubadours, turns to Bel Desir (fair desire) for assistance, but he sometimes employs the term bel desir to refer to the lady's desire as well as his own and sometimes possibly even to a male confidante when his lover becomes troublesome.
Daude's surviving music has some features in common with Gui d'Ussel
Gui d'Ussel
Gui d'Ussel, d'Ussèl, or d'Uisel was a turn-of-the-thirteenth-century troubadour of the Limousin. Twenty of his poems survive: eight cansos, two pastorelas, two coblas, and eight tensos, several with his relatives and including a partimen with Maria de Ventadorn...
, to whom he refers in his tenso, but it is less motivically varied than Gui's. It, too, however, is through-composed
Through-composed
Through-composed music is relatively continuous, non-sectional, and/or non-repetitive. A song is said to be through-composed if it has different music for each stanza of the lyrics. This is in contrast to strophic form, in which each stanza is set to the same music...
. It is possible that Daude also had contact with Peire Cardenal
Peire Cardenal
Peire Cardenal was a troubadour known for his satirical sirventes and his dislike of the clergy...
or Guiraut Riquier
Guiraut Riquier
Guiraut Riquier is among the last of the Provençal troubadours. He is well known because of his great care in writing out his works and keeping them together—the New Grove Encyclopedia considers him an "anthologist" of his own works....
in Rodez.
Works
- Ab lo douz temps que renovella
- Anc mais hom tan ben non amet
- Ben ay' Amors, quar anc me fes chauzir
- De lai on son tug miei desir
- Pois Merces no.m val ni m'ajuda
- Puois amors vol e comanda
- Si per amar ni per servir
- Tan sen al cor un amoros desir
- Trop ben m'estera si.s tolgues
- El temps que.l rossignols s'esgau
- En un sonet guay e leugier
- No cugiey mais ses comjat far chanso
- Qui finamen sap cossirar
- Amors m'envida e-m somo
- No.m puesc mudar que no-m ressit
- Del bel dezir que Joys Novels m'adutz
- Ben deu esser solatz marritz
- Sitot m'ai pres un pauc de dan
- Al temps d'estiu, qan s'alegron l'ausel
- D'ome fol ni desconoisen