Dibaj
Encyclopedia
Dibaj is a city in the Central District
of Damghan County
, Semnan Province
, Iran
. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,504, in 680 families.
Dibaj is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of Damghan
, in the heart of the Alborz
mountains. It is situated along the Mazandaran road, and is the main town in northern Damghan County
. It was formerly named Chahardeh, a set of villages which was elevated to township status in 1995.
, near the source of Damghan River, which starts from here and later combine with Ali Spring (Cheshmeh Ali} waters and pass through Damghan city to Dasht-e Kavir
. It's very cold in Winter but nice in Summer. The main permanent spring
, Sar Cheshmeh make the region fertile for Agriculture
and Gardening
.
dynasty invasion. Karim Khan
's half brother, Zaki Khan invaded here pursuing Qajar troops. The people of village escaped to mountain. He took an oath on a brick, saying: "I swear
to this (addressing the brick in his hand), not to harm you". Peasants thought he swore to Quran, the Muslim holy book, came down, faced a massacre and their village devastated by Zand
troops.
Later, Karim Khan
defeated Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, to show his kindness to Qajar tribe, assigns Hosseyn Qoli Khan (elder son of Qajar Khan) to rule Damghan county, and keeps Agha Mohammad Khan with himself in Shiraz
. Once the people of a village near Dibaj, rebelled against Hosseyn Qoli; in response, he burned the village. Hence, he is called Jahansooz (the burner of world).
word for 4 and Deh is for Village. But actually now, there are only 3 villages, as Amin Abad destroyed by natural causes like Earthquake
, Flood
and/or as it is said by military invasion. Today, Amina abbad called by local people, Kherab Deh means ruined/destroyed village.
When the Chahardeh changed to town
, the name Dibaj was chosen. Adopted from an Imamzadeh
on the south-west of town, in Qaleh village. The tomb
said to be for Mohammad son of Imam Sadeq known as Mohammad-i-Dibaj. Dibaj is arabized for Persian
Diba (Silk
).
. Their language is very near to Mazandarani
however has many words which Damghanis use and even used by other dialects of Iranian languages
. For example the words like Khin , Dee , Bashim , Banish can be seen in Lori dialects.
, cherry
, Sour Cherry
and Apricot
. Peasants also grow wheat
and potato
.
There is an Aluminium
casting
factory near the town which produces car engine parts. A Facial Tissue
plant is planned to be built also.
Central District (Damghan County)
The Central District of Damghan County is a district in Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72,967, in 20,303 families. The District has three cities: Damghan, Dibaj, and Kalateh Rudbar....
of Damghan County
Damghan County
Damghan County is a county in Semnan Province, Iran. The capital of the county is Damghan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 81,993, in 23,020 families.-City and Towns:...
, Semnan Province
Semnan Province
Semnan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country, and its center is Semnan. The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range and borders to Dasht-e Kavir desert in its southern parts.Counties of...
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,504, in 680 families.
Dibaj is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of Damghan
Damghan
Damghan is a city in and capital of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57,331, in 15,849 families.Damghan is situated from Tehran on the high-road to Mashad, at an elevation of...
, in the heart of the Alborz
Alborz
Alborz , also written as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan...
mountains. It is situated along the Mazandaran road, and is the main town in northern Damghan County
Damghan County
Damghan County is a county in Semnan Province, Iran. The capital of the county is Damghan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 81,993, in 23,020 families.-City and Towns:...
. It was formerly named Chahardeh, a set of villages which was elevated to township status in 1995.
Geography
Located at the heart of AlborzAlborz
Alborz , also written as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan...
, near the source of Damghan River, which starts from here and later combine with Ali Spring (Cheshmeh Ali} waters and pass through Damghan city to Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Kavir , also known as Kavir-e Namak or Great Salt Desert is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian plateau. It is about 800 kilometers long and 320 kilometers wide with a total surface area of about 77,600 square kilometers , making it the Earth's 23rd largest desert...
. It's very cold in Winter but nice in Summer. The main permanent spring
Spring (hydrosphere)
A spring—also known as a rising or resurgence—is a component of the hydrosphere. Specifically, it is any natural situation where water flows to the surface of the earth from underground...
, Sar Cheshmeh make the region fertile for Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
and Gardening
Gardening
Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants. Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants are grown for consumption , for their dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use...
.
History
There is not too much to say about this small town, but locals say the story of ZandZand
Zand may refer to:* Zand tribe* the Lur Zand dynasty * Zand District, an administrative subdivision of Iran-See also:* Zend-Avesta or Zand-Avesta: the commentaries on primary sacred texts of Zoroastrianism...
dynasty invasion. Karim Khan
Karim Khan
Karim Khan Zand, , , was a ruler of Iran, and the founder of the Zand Dynasty.He was born to a family of the Zand tribe of Lur or Lak deportees...
's half brother, Zaki Khan invaded here pursuing Qajar troops. The people of village escaped to mountain. He took an oath on a brick, saying: "I swear
Oath
An oath is either a statement of fact or a promise calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually God, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. To swear is to take an oath, to make a solemn vow...
to this (addressing the brick in his hand), not to harm you". Peasants thought he swore to Quran, the Muslim holy book, came down, faced a massacre and their village devastated by Zand
Zand
Zand may refer to:* Zand tribe* the Lur Zand dynasty * Zand District, an administrative subdivision of Iran-See also:* Zend-Avesta or Zand-Avesta: the commentaries on primary sacred texts of Zoroastrianism...
troops.
Later, Karim Khan
Karim Khan
Karim Khan Zand, , , was a ruler of Iran, and the founder of the Zand Dynasty.He was born to a family of the Zand tribe of Lur or Lak deportees...
defeated Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, to show his kindness to Qajar tribe, assigns Hosseyn Qoli Khan (elder son of Qajar Khan) to rule Damghan county, and keeps Agha Mohammad Khan with himself in Shiraz
Shiraz
Shiraz may refer to:* Shiraz, Iran, a city in Iran* Shiraz County, an administrative subdivision of Iran* Vosketap, Armenia, formerly called ShirazPeople:* Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet* Ara Shiraz, Armenian sculptor...
. Once the people of a village near Dibaj, rebelled against Hosseyn Qoli; in response, he burned the village. Hence, he is called Jahansooz (the burner of world).
Etymology
Earlier, called Chahardeh, as it was a set of 4 villages. Qaleh, Varzan, Zardavan and Amin Abad. Chahardeh means Four Villages, Chahar is the Indo-IranianIndo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It consists of three language groups: the Indo-Aryan, Iranian and Nuristani...
word for 4 and Deh is for Village. But actually now, there are only 3 villages, as Amin Abad destroyed by natural causes like Earthquake
Earthquake
An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time...
, Flood
Flood
A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water...
and/or as it is said by military invasion. Today, Amina abbad called by local people, Kherab Deh means ruined/destroyed village.
When the Chahardeh changed to town
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
, the name Dibaj was chosen. Adopted from an Imamzadeh
Imamzadeh
An Imāmzādeh is a word found in both the Persian and Urdu languages, that refers to an immediate descendant of a Shi'a Imam.Imamzadeh means “offspring” or descendent of an imam. There are many other different ways of spelling this term. Some of these are imamzada, imamzadah, and emamzadah...
on the south-west of town, in Qaleh village. The tomb
Tomb
A tomb is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes...
said to be for Mohammad son of Imam Sadeq known as Mohammad-i-Dibaj. Dibaj is arabized for Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
Diba (Silk
Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity...
).
People
The people are mostly Shia MuslimMuslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
. Their language is very near to Mazandarani
Mazandarani language
Mazandarani or Tabari is an Iranian language of the Northwestern branch, spoken mainly in Iran's Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces...
however has many words which Damghanis use and even used by other dialects of Iranian languages
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn is a subgroup of Indo-European language family. They have been and are spoken by Iranian peoples....
. For example the words like Khin , Dee , Bashim , Banish can be seen in Lori dialects.
Agriculture, Gardening and Industry
The main garden products are walnuts, appleApple
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family . It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apple grow on small, deciduous trees that blossom in the spring...
, cherry
Cherry
The cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy stone fruit. The cherry fruits of commerce are usually obtained from a limited number of species, including especially cultivars of the wild cherry, Prunus avium....
, Sour Cherry
Sour Cherry
Prunus cerasus, or the sour cherry, is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus , native to much of Europe and southwest Asia. It is closely related to the wild cherry Prunus cerasus, or the sour cherry, is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus (cherries), native to much of Europe and...
and Apricot
Apricot
The apricot, Prunus armeniaca, is a species of Prunus, classified with the plum in the subgenus Prunus. The native range is somewhat uncertain due to its extensive prehistoric cultivation.- Description :...
. Peasants also grow wheat
Wheat
Wheat is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2007 world production of wheat was 607 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize and rice...
and potato
Potato
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae family . The word potato may refer to the plant itself as well as the edible tuber. In the region of the Andes, there are some other closely related cultivated potato species...
.
There is an Aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
casting
Casting
In metalworking, casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process...
factory near the town which produces car engine parts. A Facial Tissue
Facial tissue
Facial tissue and paper handkerchief refers to a class of soft, absorbent, disposable papers that is suitable for use on the face. They are disposable alternatives for cloth handkerchiefs...
plant is planned to be built also.
External links
Sources
- Tarikhe Damghan- Keshavarz, Mohammad Ali, Qomes Publishing, Tehran, 1993