Diego Martínez Barrio
Encyclopedia
Diego Martínez y Barrio (25 November 1883, Seville
– 1 January 1962) was a Spanish
politician during the Second Spanish Republic
, Prime Minister of Spain
between 9 October 1933 and 26 December 1933 and was briefly appointed again by Manuel Azaña
after the resignation of Santiago Casares Quiroga
, on July 19, 1936 - three days after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War
. From March 16, 1936 to March 30, 1939 Martínez was President of the Cortes. In 1936, he briefly was interim President of the Second Spanish Republic from 7 April to 10 of May.
Barrio was born in Seville
. A member of the Radical Republican Party
, he was the Minister in the Alejandro Lerroux
government, although later he left the party due to his dissatisfaction with the politics of Lerroux.
Martínez consequently founded and led the Republican Union Party
and participated in the Spanish Popular Front, being elected to government in 1936. He led the integration of the Republican Union Party into the Popular Front, being elected the speaker of the Cortes
(Spanish Parliament). He fled the country after Francisco Franco
came to power in 1939.
He was the Grand Master of the Grande Oriente Español
from 1929 to 1934.
After the fall of the Republic he went into exile, first to France
and then to Mexico
where in 1945 he was designated president of the Republic in exile
until 1962. Martínez finally returned to Paris
, where he died.
In 2000, his remains were moved to Seville
.
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
– 1 January 1962) was a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
politician during the Second Spanish Republic
Second Spanish Republic
The Second Spanish Republic was the government of Spain between April 14 1931, and its destruction by a military rebellion, led by General Francisco Franco....
, Prime Minister of Spain
Prime Minister of Spain
The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
between 9 October 1933 and 26 December 1933 and was briefly appointed again by Manuel Azaña
Manuel Azaña
Manuel Azaña Díaz was a Spanish politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic , and later served again as Prime Minister , and then as the second and last President of the Republic . The Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President...
after the resignation of Santiago Casares Quiroga
Santiago Casares Quiroga
Santiago Casares y Quiroga was a Spanish politician who was Prime Minister of Spain from 13 May to 19 July 1936....
, on July 19, 1936 - three days after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
. From March 16, 1936 to March 30, 1939 Martínez was President of the Cortes. In 1936, he briefly was interim President of the Second Spanish Republic from 7 April to 10 of May.
Barrio was born in Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
. A member of the Radical Republican Party
Radical Republican Party
The Radical Republican Party , sometimes shortened to the Radical Party was a Spanish political party founded in 1908 by Alejandro Lerroux in Santander, Cantabria by a split from the historical Republican Union party led by Nicolás Salmerón....
, he was the Minister in the Alejandro Lerroux
Alejandro Lerroux
Alejandro Lerroux y García was a Spanish politician who was the leader of the Radical Republican Party during the Second Spanish Republic...
government, although later he left the party due to his dissatisfaction with the politics of Lerroux.
Martínez consequently founded and led the Republican Union Party
Republican Union Party
The Republican Union was a Spanish republican party founded in 1934 by Diego Martinez Barrio.It was formed as a result of a merger of several small republican parties, including notably Diego Martinez Barrio's Radical Democratic Party founded in May 1934 by a split from Alejandro Lerroux's Radical...
and participated in the Spanish Popular Front, being elected to government in 1936. He led the integration of the Republican Union Party into the Popular Front, being elected the speaker of the Cortes
Cortes Generales
The Cortes Generales is the legislature of Spain. It is a bicameral parliament, composed of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate . The Cortes has power to enact any law and to amend the constitution...
(Spanish Parliament). He fled the country after Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
came to power in 1939.
He was the Grand Master of the Grande Oriente Español
Grande Oriente Español
The Grande Oriente Español is the oldest traditional Masonic body in Spain.Among its Grand Masters was Diego Martínez Barrio, prime minister of Spain and founder of the Republican Union Party....
from 1929 to 1934.
After the fall of the Republic he went into exile, first to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and then to Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
where in 1945 he was designated president of the Republic in exile
Spanish Republican government in Exile
The Spanish Republican government in exile was a continuation of the government of the Second Spanish Republic, which was established in exile after the victory of Francisco Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War in April 1939...
until 1962. Martínez finally returned to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, where he died.
In 2000, his remains were moved to Seville
Seville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
.