Dihydroxyacetonephosphate
Encyclopedia
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a biochemical compound involved in many reactions, from the Calvin cycle
in plants to the ether-lipid biosynthesis process in Leishmania mexicana. Its major biochemical role is in the glycolysis
metabolic pathway
. DHAP may be referred to as glycerone phosphate in older texts.
metabolic pathway
, and is one of the two products of breakdown of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
, along with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
. It is rapidly and reversibly isomerised to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.
, DHAP is one of the products of the sixfold reduction of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
by NADPH. It is also used in the synthesis of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, both of which are used to reform ribulose 5-phosphate, the 'key' carbohydrate of the Calvin cycle.
DHAP is also the product of the dehydrogenation of L-glycerol-3-phosphate
, which is part of the entry of glycerol
(sourced from triglycerides) into the glycolytic pathway
. On the converse, reduction of glycolysis
-derived DHAP to L-glycerol-3-phosphate provides adipose cells with the activated glycerol backbone they require to synthesize new triglycerides. Both reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with NAD
+/NADH as cofactor.
Calvin cycle
The Calvin cycle or Calvin–Benson-Bassham cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle or CBB cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms...
in plants to the ether-lipid biosynthesis process in Leishmania mexicana. Its major biochemical role is in the glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
metabolic pathway
Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, metabolic pathways are series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by a series of chemical reactions. Enzymes catalyze these reactions, and often require dietary minerals, vitamins, and other cofactors in order to function...
. DHAP may be referred to as glycerone phosphate in older texts.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in glycolysis
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate lies in the glycolysisGlycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
metabolic pathway
Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, metabolic pathways are series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by a series of chemical reactions. Enzymes catalyze these reactions, and often require dietary minerals, vitamins, and other cofactors in order to function...
, and is one of the two products of breakdown of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6 . The β-D-form of this compound is very common in cells...
, along with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms...
. It is rapidly and reversibly isomerised to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in other pathways
In the Calvin cycleCalvin cycle
The Calvin cycle or Calvin–Benson-Bassham cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle or CBB cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms...
, DHAP is one of the products of the sixfold reduction of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis...
by NADPH. It is also used in the synthesis of sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, both of which are used to reform ribulose 5-phosphate, the 'key' carbohydrate of the Calvin cycle.
DHAP is also the product of the dehydrogenation of L-glycerol-3-phosphate
Glycerol 3-phosphate
Glycerol 3-phosphate is an organophosphate derived from the reaction catalysed by glycerol kinase where ATP + glycerol ADP + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. It is a component of glycerophospholipids. It should not be confused with the similarly named glycerate 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate...
, which is part of the entry of glycerol
Glycerol
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol has three hydroxyl groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature. The glycerol backbone is central to all lipids...
(sourced from triglycerides) into the glycolytic pathway
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
. On the converse, reduction of glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
-derived DHAP to L-glycerol-3-phosphate provides adipose cells with the activated glycerol backbone they require to synthesize new triglycerides. Both reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with NAD
NAD
NAD may refer to:* No abnormality detected, a medical status description* No apparent distress, a status description in childbirth* NAD Electronics, a Canadian audio equipment manufacturer...
+/NADH as cofactor.