Disorder of written expression
Encyclopedia
Disorder of written expression is a childhood
condition characterized by poor writing
skills. To some extent, 3 - 10% of school
-age children are affected by this disorder. This disorder appears by itself or in conjunction with other learning
or developmental disabilities.
Childhood
Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence. In developmental psychology, childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood , early childhood , middle childhood , and adolescence .- Age ranges of childhood :The term childhood is non-specific and can imply a...
condition characterized by poor writing
Writing
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols . It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and non-symbolic preservation of language via non-textual media, such as magnetic tape audio.Writing most likely...
skills. To some extent, 3 - 10% of school
School
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...
-age children are affected by this disorder. This disorder appears by itself or in conjunction with other learning
Learning disability
Learning disability is a classification including several disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors...
or developmental disabilities.
Symptoms
- Avoids written work.
- Poor spellingSpellingSpelling is the writing of one or more words with letters and diacritics. In addition, the term often, but not always, means an accepted standard spelling or the process of naming the letters...
- Errors in grammarGrammarIn linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...
- Errors in punctuationPunctuationPunctuation marks are symbols that indicate the structure and organization of written language, as well as intonation and pauses to be observed when reading aloud.In written English, punctuation is vital to disambiguate the meaning of sentences...
- Poor handwritingHandwritingHandwriting is a person's particular & individual style of writing with pen or pencil, which contrasts with "Hand" which is an impersonal and formalised writing style in several historical varieties...
- Composition is poor relative to oral expression skills; uses simple vocabulary to avoid spelling difficulty.
- This is not solely a childhood disability. It continues on into adulthood.
Assessments
- Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS)
- Test of Adolescent and Adult Language–3 (TOAL-3)
- Test of Early Written Language
- Test of Written Expression (TOWE)
- Test of Written Language–3 (TOWL-3)
- Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery–Revised, Tests of Achievement
- Weschler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT)
Other disabilities often linked with the disorder of written expression
- DyslexiaDyslexiaDyslexia is a very broad term defining a learning disability that impairs a person's fluency or comprehension accuracy in being able to read, and which can manifest itself as a difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, or rapid...
- Reading disabilityReading disabilityA reading disability is a condition in which a sufferer displays difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors. Developmental Dyslexia, Alexia , and Hyperlexia.-Definition:...
- Expressive language disorderExpressive language disorderExpressive language disorder is a communication disorder in which there are difficulties with verbal and written expression. It is a specific language impairment characterized by an ability to use expressive spoken language that is markedly below the appropriate level for the mental age, but with a...
- Mathematics disorder
- Developmental coordination disorder