Dmitrov
Encyclopedia
Dmitrov is a town and the administrative center of Dmitrovsky District
of Moscow Oblast
, Russia, located 65 kilometres (40.4 mi) to the north of Moscow on the Yakhroma River
and the Moscow Canal
. Population:
Dmitrov was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1154 deep in the woods at the site where his son Vsevolod was born. Its name is explained by the fact that Vsevolod's patron saint was Saint Demetrius.
In the 13th century, the town marked a point where converged the borders of Muscovy, Tver
, and Pereslavl-Zalessky
. The town itself belonged to the princes of Galich-Mersky, located much to the north, until 1364, when it was incorporated into Muscovy. Both Dmitry Donskoy and his grandson Vasily II granted Dmitrov as an appanage
to their younger sons, so the town was a capital of a tiny principality. In 1374, it achieved town status.
The reign of Ivan III
's son Yury Ivanovich (1503–1533) inaugurated the golden age of Dmitrov. It is during his reign that the black-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin and a smaller monastery cathedral of Sts. Boris and Gleb were built. Thereafter, the town passed to Yuri's brother, Andrey of Staritsa
. In 1569, it was seized from Vladimir of Staritsa
, added to the Oprichnina
and consequently declined. The town suffered further damage during the Time of Troubles
, when it was ransacked by the Poles.
In 1812, Dmitrov was briefly occupied by the Grande Armée but in 1941 the Wehrmacht
soldiers were stopped on the outskirts of the town. The Anarchist prince Peter Kropotkin
spent his last years there. In the 1930s, the local kremlin was excavated by Soviet archaeologists. Apart from the Assumption Cathedral, chief landmarks of the Dmitrov District are the cloisters of Sts. Boris and Gleb
, of St. Nicholas
on the Peshnosha River, and of the Virgin's Nativity at Medvezhya Pustyn', all three dating back to the 16th century.
branch and the Dmitrov – Alexandrov
branch. The railroad provides an efficient service to Moscow. Dmitrov is also a cargo port on the Moscow Canal
.
Bus routes connect Dmitrov with Moscow (Altufyevo
), Sergiyev Posad
, Dubna
, Taldom
, Lobnya
, Laryovo
and others.
with: Almere
, Netherlands Maryina Horka
, Belarus Rîbniţa
, Transnistria Berkeley, California
, United States Spanish, Ontario
, Canada Schorndorf
, Germany
Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast
Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 38 in Moscow Oblast, Russia....
of Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye , is a federal subject of Russia . Its area, at , is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the 2010 population of 7,092,941, is the second most populous federal subject...
, Russia, located 65 kilometres (40.4 mi) to the north of Moscow on the Yakhroma River
Yakhroma River
Yakhroma River is a right tributary of the Sestra River that flows for 78 kilometers through a network of peat marshes in the north of Moscow Oblast, Russia. It passes through the towns of Dmitrov and Yakhroma, crossing the Moscow-Volga Canal on its way....
and the Moscow Canal
Moscow Canal
The Moscow Canal , named the Moscow-Volga Canal until the year 1947, is a canal that connects the Moskva River with the main transportation artery of European Russia, the Volga River. It is located in Moscow itself and in the Moscow Oblast...
. Population:
History
In the 13th century, the town marked a point where converged the borders of Muscovy, Tver
Tver
Tver is a city and the administrative center of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: 403,726 ; 408,903 ;...
, and Pereslavl-Zalessky
Pereslavl-Zalessky
Pereslavl-Zalessky or Pereyaslavl-Zalessky , is a town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow on the main Moscow Yaroslavl road and on the shores of Pleschevo Lake. It was called Pereyaslavl until the 15th century. The town is located on the southeastern shore of the Lake...
. The town itself belonged to the princes of Galich-Mersky, located much to the north, until 1364, when it was incorporated into Muscovy. Both Dmitry Donskoy and his grandson Vasily II granted Dmitrov as an appanage
Appanage
An apanage or appanage or is the grant of an estate, titles, offices, or other things of value to the younger male children of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture...
to their younger sons, so the town was a capital of a tiny principality. In 1374, it achieved town status.
The reign of Ivan III
Ivan III of Russia
Ivan III Vasilyevich , also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus"...
's son Yury Ivanovich (1503–1533) inaugurated the golden age of Dmitrov. It is during his reign that the black-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin and a smaller monastery cathedral of Sts. Boris and Gleb were built. Thereafter, the town passed to Yuri's brother, Andrey of Staritsa
Andrey of Staritsa
Andrey Ivanovich was the youngest son of Ivan the Great by Sophia of Byzantium. Since 1519, his appanages included Volokolamsk and Staritsa....
. In 1569, it was seized from Vladimir of Staritsa
Vladimir of Staritsa
Vladimir Andreyevich was the last appanage Russian prince. His complicated relationship with his cousin, Ivan the Terrible, was dramatized in Sergei Eisenstein's movie Ivan the Terrible....
, added to the Oprichnina
Oprichnina
The oprichnina is the period of Russian history between Tsar Ivan the Terrible's 1565 initiation and his 1572 disbanding of a domestic policy of secret police, mass repressions, public executions, and confiscation of land from Russian aristocrats...
and consequently declined. The town suffered further damage during the Time of Troubles
Time of Troubles
The Time of Troubles was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last Russian Tsar of the Rurik Dynasty, Feodor Ivanovich, in 1598, and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613. In 1601-1603, Russia suffered a famine that killed one-third...
, when it was ransacked by the Poles.
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
soldiers were stopped on the outskirts of the town. The Anarchist prince Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin was a Russian zoologist, evolutionary theorist, philosopher, economist, geographer, author and one of the world's foremost anarcho-communists. Kropotkin advocated a communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations between...
spent his last years there. In the 1930s, the local kremlin was excavated by Soviet archaeologists. Apart from the Assumption Cathedral, chief landmarks of the Dmitrov District are the cloisters of Sts. Boris and Gleb
Boris and Gleb
Boris and Gleb , Christian names Roman and David, respectively, were the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus' after the Christianization of the country....
, of St. Nicholas
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas , also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century saint and Greek Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker...
on the Peshnosha River, and of the Virgin's Nativity at Medvezhya Pustyn', all three dating back to the 16th century.
Transportation
Dmitrov is a railroad junction of the Moscow (Savyolovsky terminal)–SavyolovoSavyolovo
Savyolovo is a microdistrict of the town of Kimry in Tver Oblast, Russia. It lies on the right bank of the Volga River and is connected to the left-bank part of Kimry by a 554 m long bridge over the Volga ....
branch and the Dmitrov – Alexandrov
Alexandrov
Alexandrov or Aleksandrov is a town in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, north-east of Moscow. Population: Alexandrov Sloboda served as the capital of Russia for three months under Tsar Ivan the Terrible until he agreed to return his court and the relics of Moscow which he had taken with him...
branch. The railroad provides an efficient service to Moscow. Dmitrov is also a cargo port on the Moscow Canal
Moscow Canal
The Moscow Canal , named the Moscow-Volga Canal until the year 1947, is a canal that connects the Moskva River with the main transportation artery of European Russia, the Volga River. It is located in Moscow itself and in the Moscow Oblast...
.
Bus routes connect Dmitrov with Moscow (Altufyevo
Altufyevo
Altufyevo is the northern terminus of the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, and the northermost station of the entire system. It was opened in 1994. The station is shallow: its depth is 9 meters. Its name corresponds to the name of the city district...
), Sergiyev Posad
Sergiyev Posad
Sergiyev Posad is a city and the administrative center of Sergiyevo-Posadsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. It grew in the 15th century around one of the greatest of Russian monasteries, the Trinity Lavra established by St. Sergius of Radonezh. The town status was granted to it in 1742...
, Dubna
Dubna
Dubna is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It has a status of naukograd , being home to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, an international nuclear physics research centre and one of the largest scientific foundations in the country. It is also home to MKB Raduga, a defence aerospace company...
, Taldom
Taldom
Taldom is a town and the administrative center of Taldomsky District in the northern part of Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated north of Moscow, on a suburban railway connecting Moscow to Savyolovo. Population: The settlement was founded in 1677...
, Lobnya
Lobnya
Lobnya is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located north of Moscow. Population: 30,000 .Lobnya was founded in 1902 and granted town status in 1961....
, Laryovo
Laryovo, Mytishchinsky District, Moscow Oblast
Laryovo is a rural locality in Mytishchinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Samoryadovka River.-Road:...
and others.
Twin towns/sister cities
Dmitrov is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Almere
Almere
Almere is a planned city and municipality in the province of Flevoland, the Netherlands, bordering Lelystad and Zeewolde. The municipality of Almere comprises the districts Almere Stad, Almere Haven, Almere Buiten, Almere Hout, Almere Poort and Almere Pampus .Almere is the youngest city in the...
, Netherlands Maryina Horka
Maryina Horka
Maryina Horka is a town in Minsk Voblast, Belarus, the capital of the Pukhavichy Raion. As of 2009 its population was of 22,500.-History:The town was first mentioned in 1222 and received its town status in 1955.-Geography:...
, Belarus Rîbniţa
Rîbnita
Rîbnița, also spelled Râbnița is a city in Moldova. The city is under the administration of the breakaway government of the Transnistria. According to the 2004 Census in Transnistria, it has a population of 53,648. Rîbniţa is situated in the northern half of Transnistria, on the left bank of the...
, Transnistria Berkeley, California
Berkeley, California
Berkeley is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington...
, United States Spanish, Ontario
Spanish, Ontario
Spanish is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located on Trans-Canada Highway 17 in the Algoma District near the border of the Sudbury District...
, Canada Schorndorf
Schorndorf
Schorndorf is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located c. 26 km east of Stuttgart. Its station is a the terminus of line S2 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn....
, Germany
Miscellaneous
- Dmitrov's altitude above sea level is 179 m.
- In a national competition in 2005, Dmitrov was recognized as the best-run town in Russia.
- Russian anarchist Peter KropotkinPeter KropotkinPrince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin was a Russian zoologist, evolutionary theorist, philosopher, economist, geographer, author and one of the world's foremost anarcho-communists. Kropotkin advocated a communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations between...
died in Dmitrov.