Doncaster railway line, Melbourne
Encyclopedia
Melbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...
, Victoria
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania on Boundary Islet to the north, west and south respectively....
, Australia. Connecting to the existing Melbourne metro railway network
Railways in Melbourne
The Melbourne rail network is operated by Metro Trains Melbourne under franchise from the Government of Victoria. The network is based on a commuter rail model centred on the Melbourne Central Business District and Flinders Street Station, rather than a rapid transit model, with a focus on...
at Victoria Park station
Victoria Park railway station, Melbourne
Victoria Park is a railway station on the Hurstbridge and Epping lines in Abbotsford, Melbourne, Australia. The station is elevated, is in Metcard Zone 1 and is unmanned....
on the Epping and Hurstbridge lines; the Doncaster line would have served the suburbs of Bulleen
Bulleen, Victoria
Bulleen is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Manningham. At the 2006 Census, Bulleen had a population of 10,528.-Etymology:...
, Templestowe
Templestowe, Victoria
"Templestowe" redirects here. For the Victorian Legislative Council Province, please see Templestowe Province.Templestowe is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 17 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Manningham...
and Doncaster
Doncaster, Victoria
Doncaster is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 15 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Manningham. At the 2006 Census, Doncaster had a population of 17,879....
; running both in the median strip of the Eastern Freeway and in a tunnel under houses.
First proposed in 1890, detailed planning commenced in 1969, and by 1972 the route was decided upon. Despite rising costs, the state governments of the period continued to make assurances that the line would be built. Property acquisition for part of the route was completed in 1975, and construction of a cutting at the city end commenced in 1974, only to be filled in two years later. By 1982 plans to build the line had been shelved by the state government, and by 1984 land for the line once it left the freeway had been sold. In 1991 an independent report investigated constructing the line, recommending against it due to the high cost. However several other reports released since the 1970s detail the essential requirement for heavy rail mass transit in the Doncaster corridor.
The Doncaster rail line proposal is almost identical to the earlier completed Joondalup Line and recently completed Mandurah Line, both in Perth
Perth, Western Australia
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....
, a city with less than half the population of Melbourne, which runs along the centre median of the Kwinana Freeway
Kwinana Freeway
The Kwinana Freeway is a major arterial road in Perth, Western Australia, linking Perth with the southern suburbs and then further on towards Mandurah, a distance of . It has a speed limit of , except in central Perth and south of Lakes Road . Like all Western Australian freeways, the minimum...
and through various tunnels. The Mandurah rail line is almost double the length of the proposed Doncaster line and cost a 1.6 billion, trains are able to travel at up to 130km/h, it was completed in 2007. Despite the massive requirement, local council and public pressure, there remains no firm state government commitment to build the Doncaster line.
1890-1969: Early concepts
One of the first ideas for a railway to Doncaster was in 1890, for a proposed extension of the Kew branch line across the Outer Circle line to WarrandyteWarrandyte, Victoria
Warrandyte is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Manningham...
, with a branch line running to Templestowe. This was followed in 1920 by another plan to extend the Kew line, this time to serve Doncaster itself Map. This proposal was published in the Metropolitan Town Planning Commission's Plan for Melbourne 1929 together with the Glen Eira line that was subsequently built.
Concrete moves towards the line were made in 1969, when The Age
The Age
The Age is a daily broadsheet newspaper, which has been published in Melbourne, Australia since 1854. Owned and published by Fairfax Media, The Age primarily serves Victoria, but is also available for purchase in Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and border regions of South Australia and...
announced that the Victorian Railways
Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways operated railways in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations...
had started detailed planning for the line, which would run down the Eastern Freeway then on to Doncaster. The line was to feature in the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan
The 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan was a road and rail transport plan for Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia instituted by Henry Bolte's state government...
, but no timeline for construction was set, compared to the parallel freeway which would start in the next year.
1969-1972: Work begins
In December 1971 the Eastern Railway Construction Act 1971 was passed by the state parliament, setting the route as along the Eastern Freeway to Thompsons Road, then through Templestowe to Blackburn Road, Doncaster, cutting though 30 houses. However this route was not without opposition, as in 1972 The HeraldThe Herald (Melbourne)
The Herald was a broadsheet newspaper published in Melbourne, Australia from 1840 to 1990.The Port Phillip Herald was first published as a semi-weekly newspaper on 3 January 1840 from a weatherboard shack in Collins Street. It was the fourth newspaper to start in Melbourne.The paper took its name...
reported that the outer section of the line would be investigated by the Parliamentary Public Works Committee. The City of Box Hill
City of Box Hill
The City of Box Hill was a Local Government Area located about east of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of , and existed from 1927 until 1994.-History:...
rejected a plan put forward by the City of Doncaster & Templestowe
City of Doncaster & Templestowe
The City of Doncaster & Templestowe was a Local Government Area located about east-northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of , and existed from 1915 until 1994...
as it would cut into open space along Koonung Creek
Koonung Creek
Koonung Creek is a small tributary of the Yarra River in Melbourne's east. The creek originates in Nunawading near Springvale Road, and flows to join the Yarra at the border between Ivanhoe East, Bulleen and Balwyn North. The place the two waterways meet forms the borders between these suburbs...
, and Doncaster residents objected to a route running though the Eastern Golf Course to Blackburn Road. In December 1972 the parliamentary report was delivered and recommended the original route to be constructed as opposed to the 6 alternatives, and criticised the government to allowing development on the proposed routes. The outer section of the line was costed at $23.5 million, the total cost of the line was reported as $41 million, and a terminus to city travel time of 20-25 minutes was put forward.
The route decided upon was reported in The Age on February 23, 1972, but no completion date was mentioned:
- Victoria Park station to Thompsons Road in the Eastern Freeway median strip.
- Sub mile-long surface section along the Koonung Creek valley.
- Surface level north east from the creek to the entrance of tunnel, located near the corner of Harold and Dale Streets, Bulleen.
- 1.5 mile tunnel north-east under Manningham Road and High Street, Doncaster; to a point close to corner of Oak Crescent and Fyfe Drive, Doncaster.
- 0.17 mile above ground running eastwards from the tunnel portal.
- 1.65 mile above ground running east to Tuckers Road.
- Half mile above ground running to corner of Blackburn Road and King Street.
This plan is what the later included in the 1979 (Edition 12) Melway
Melway
Melway is an almost ubiquitous street directory for Melbourne, Australia and its immediate surrounds, including the city of Geelong. It is currently in its 39th edition—the 2012 edition—which was released in July 2011.-History:Melway was conceived by Merv Godfrey and Iven Mackay in the 1950s...
street directory, albeit with additional short lengths of tunnel at various places along the outer section of the route. It remained in the 1982 (Edition 14) Melway
Melway
Melway is an almost ubiquitous street directory for Melbourne, Australia and its immediate surrounds, including the city of Geelong. It is currently in its 39th edition—the 2012 edition—which was released in July 2011.-History:Melway was conceived by Merv Godfrey and Iven Mackay in the 1950s...
'.
1973-1990: Land sale and Government pull-out
In May 1973 the state Liberal PartyLiberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...
pledged to build the line if elected, but only to Bulleen. They were returned to power at the state election. By December the same year the Parliamentary Public Works Committee had begun to re-examine the outer section of the line, considering three routes. The first costing $24 million would terminate at Bulleen, the second continued with a branch to Doncaster Road and cost $28 million, and the third was the original route but now costed at $63 million. By March 1974 the cost of the full line was reported by The Age to have increased to $73 million, and that none of the proposed routes could be considered on economic grounds, and a busway would be a better investment.
Despite doubts on the viability of the project, in July 1975 it was reported in The Sun
The Sun News-Pictorial
The Sun News-Pictorial, commonly known as The Sun, was a morning daily tabloid newspaper in Melbourne, Australia established in 1922 and closed in 1990.It was part of The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd stable of Melbourne newspapers...
that the Victorian Railways had purchased 18 properties for the railway. It was also reported in The Age that the government would still complete the railway, even though government sources put the cost up to $120 million, up from $74 million the year before. The proposed commencement date was after the completion of the underground City Loop in 1980.
Construction work on a cutting at the Victoria Park end of the line commenced in 1974 to allow the line to access the freeway median strip, but ceased in August 1975 due to economic difficulties faced by the contractor. By October 1976 the Herald reported that the '$600,000 cutting' had been filled in with excavated earth from elsewhere, the reason given by officials was that it needed to be filled so the freeway could be completed. The cost to rebuild the tunnel was estimated by the railways and Country Roads Board
Country Roads Board
The Country Roads Board was the government authority responsible for the construction and maintenance of main roads in the State of Victoria, Australia between 1913 and 1983. Its first chairman was William Calder who remained in charge until his death in 1928...
at $1.5 million. The final nail in the coffin was a statement by Liberal shadow transport minister Rob Maclellan
Rob Maclellan
Robert Roy Cameron "Rob" Maclellan is a former Australian politician. He was a Liberal member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, representing the seats of Gippsland West , Berwick and Pakenham...
in August 1984, who said that Government had sold the land set aside for the railway.
1990-2006: Continued support and alternatives
In July 1991 a report on transport in the Eastern Freeway corridor was presented to the Victorian transport minister Peter Spyker. Authored by Professor E.W. Russell, three options were examined in the report:- Heavy rail to Doncaster ShoppingtownWestfield DoncasterWestfield Doncaster is a shopping centre 50% owned by the Westfield Group and 50% owned by LaSalle Investment Management located in Doncaster, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia...
, via Eastern Freeway to Bulleen Road then underground to terminus ($336 million) - Heavy rail to Blackburn Road and George Street, East Doncaster ($471 million)
- Extension of North Balwyn (tram route 48) along Doncaster Road from Balwyn Road to Doncaster Shoppingtown ($6 million)
The longest of the plans involved 6 kilometres of underground tunnel, and seven stations, four of them underground. The report found that a heavy rail line would be "desirable but too expensive to consider unless major economies in tunnelling and station construction costs can be made". Public Transport Corporation
Public Transport Corporation
The Public Transport Corporation was a State Government of Victoria owned corporate body formed under the Transport Act 1983 which operated passenger and freight trains, trams and bus services in Victoria, Australia....
estimates of the same period costed the two rail options at $376 million and $550 million respectively.
Despite the line being a recurring theme among public transport advocates and political hopefuls, today there is no firm commitment to build the line. The cost to complete the line today has been estimated at $1 billion dollars, with transport in the region provided by private motor vehicles on the Eastern Freeway, and bus routes which operate along dedicated lanes from the Doncaster park and ride.
In 2003 the Northern Central City Corridor Strategy provided comparative costings for heavy rail, light rail and high quality bus services.
During the 2006 state election, the Victorian Liberal Party had done their own costing of the rail line and promised to extend the number 48 tram
Melbourne tram route 48
Tram route 48 is a public transport service in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It runs from Victoria Harbour, Docklands to North Balwyn via Collins Street, Spring Street, Wellington Parade and Bridge Road...
to Doncaster Hill
Doncaster, Victoria
Doncaster is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 15 km north-east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Manningham. At the 2006 Census, Doncaster had a population of 17,879....
, claiming that constructing the heavy rail line would cost around $1 billion and was deemed too expensive an option in the short term at least.
2007-present: Increased local council & public pressure
Following the state elections in 2006, public pressure mounted and local councils began to fully support the construction of the line, holding regular meetings, discussions and forums.March 2008, Melbourne Transport Forum, a petition of 7,000 signatures for the Doncaster rail line was delivered by councillors to Minister for Transport Lynne Kosky
Lynne Kosky
Lynne Janice Kosky is a former Australian politician and senior minister in the Parliament of Victoria. She represented the electoral district of Altona in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Australian Labor Party from 1996 to 2010...
.
The issue also spread into social websites too with numerous unofficial online groups and petitions being made
Mid-2008, Australian Greens Victoria released a transport discussion paper, The People Plan, which includes the Doncaster rail line.
Late 2008, at a forum investigating the Doncaster rail line, which involved the Yarra, Melbourne and Manningham
City of Manningham
The City of Manningham is a Local Government Area in Victoria, Australia. It is located in the northeastern suburbs of Melbourne. The total population is 118,544 , divided up into 10 suburbs, the largest being Doncaster and Templestowe, over an area of 113 square kilometres.The district spans a...
city councils, it was noted that 41% of Manningham residents are classified as low-income earners (despite the eastern suburb affluence stereotype), this is higher than the city average. The discrepancy is suspected to be caused by the increased reliance on private automobiles to meet day to day transport requirements residents face due to the lack of alternative methods of transportation such as Tram-Trains.[13] At this forum, Peter Newman noted the similarities between the Doncaster line and the Mandurah line and suggested that it was the only viable option for both the short and long term transportation needs of the area. Other recommendations included the creation of transport corridors to aid in the transition of the existing urban environment towards Transit oriented development.[14]
In December 2008, in response to massive patronage increases on Melbourne's public transport system and increased road infrastructure problems, the State Labor Government released a transport plan which failed to deal with the construction of the Doncaster line. The proposal investigated the construction of a freeway through Greensborough, into Heidelberg and through the Yarra Flats to connect with the Eastern Freeway at a cost of $6 billion. The proposal is six times the cost of the Doncaster rail line and relies on the continued use of private automobiles.
Also in December 2008, residents in the Mullum Mullum ward in Manningham for the first time elected a former Green party candidate David Ellis, who has been campaigning against the construction of the proposed freeway through Manningham.
Mid 2009: As part of the development of the Victorian Transport Plan
Victorian Transport Plan
The Victorian Transport Plan is a now defunct transport planning framework for the state of Victoria, Australia announced on Monday 9 December 2008 by then Premier of Victoria, John Brumby...
, the Labor government has pledged to create a Doncaster Area Rapid Transport (DART) system. However, unlike its DART
Dublin Area Rapid Transit
The Dublin Area Rapid Transit is part of the suburban railway network in Ireland, running mainly along the coastline of Dublin Bay on the Trans-Dublin route, from Greystones in County Wicklow, through Dublin to Howth and Malahide in County Dublin.Trains are powered via a 1500V DC overhead catenary...
and BART
Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bay Area Rapid Transit is a rapid transit system serving the San Francisco Bay Area. The heavy-rail public transit and subway system connects San Francisco with cities in the East Bay and suburbs in northern San Mateo County. BART operates five lines on of track with 44 stations in four counties...
cousins in Dublin and San Francisco, this scheme is merely an increase in bus services in the Manningham area. Further online support from the community resulted, with a new, unofficial petition and information website.
Leading up to 2010 election, which they subsequently won: The Victorian Liberal Party, promised to commit $6.5m to complete another study to develop a route for building the railway line to Doncaster. This was budgeted for in the 2011 Budget. No funding source was nominated for the actual building of the line.
Recent costings
At the 2006 Victoria state election, the Labor Government costed the construction of the Doncaster rail line at around $1billion. Other costings have been as high as $2billion. In 2008, the Australian Greens Victoria released a transport discussion paper, The People Plan, which costed the construction of the line at $450million.See also
- List of proposed Melbourne rail extensions
- Mandurah railway line - a similar rail line built in PerthPerth, Western AustraliaPerth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia and the fourth most populous city in Australia. The Perth metropolitan area has an estimated population of almost 1,700,000....
, 2004-2007.