Dornier Do 228
Unanswered Questions
Encyclopedia
Turboprop
A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear.The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller...
STOL
STOL
STOL is an acronym for short take-off and landing, a term used to describe aircraft with very short runway requirements.-Definitions:There is no one accepted definition of STOL and many different definitions have been used by different authorities and nations at various times and for a myriad of...
utility aircraft
Utility aircraft
A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light plane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people or freight, but also for other duties when a more specialised aircraft is not required or available....
, manufactured by Dornier GmbH (later DASA Dornier, Fairchild-Dornier) from 1981
1981 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1981:-January:* January 3 – Pan American World Airways makes its final Boeing 707 flight.* January 7 – A Boeing 747 of CAAC lands at John F...
until 1998
1998 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1998:-Events:* Cirrus Aircraft successfully flight-tests the CAPS ballistic emergency aircraft parachute.* Adam Aircraft Industries founded* Eclipse Aviation founded-January:...
. In 1983
1983 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1983:-January:* January 1 – Eastern Air Lines' first revenue Boeing 757 flight.* January 5 – United Airlines begins the first scheduled nonstop service between the continental United States and Maui....
, Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL) bought a production licence and manufactures the 228 for the Asian market sphere. Approximately 270 Do 228 were built at Oberpfaffenhofen
Oberpfaffenhofen
Oberpfaffenhofen is a village which is part of the municipality of Weßling in the district of Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany. It is 20 kilometers from the city center of Munich....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and Kanpur, India. In August 2006, 127 Dornier Do 228 aircraft (all variants) remain in airline service.
In 2009, RUAG
RUAG
RUAG is a Swiss technology company, with its headquarters in Bern. It has production sites in Switzerland , Germany , Sweden , Hungary and Austria .-Structure:The RUAG has following subsidiaries:*RUAG Aerospace RUAG is a Swiss technology company, with its headquarters in Bern. It has production...
started building a Dornier 228 New Generation in Germany with the fuselage, wings and tail unit manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia's largest aerospace companies. Under the management of the Indian Ministry of Defence, this state-owned company is mainly involved in aerospace industry, which includes manufacturing and assembling aircraft, navigation and...
(HAL) in Kanpur (India) and transported to Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich, where RUAG Aviation carries out aircraft final assembly, customized equipment installation, product conformity inspection and aircraft delivery. It is basically the same aircraft with improved technologies and performances, such as a new five blade propeller, glass cockpit and longer range. The first delivery was in September 2010.
Design and development
In the late 1970s, Dornier GmbH developed a new kind of wing, the TNT ("Tragflügel neuer Technologie"), subsidized by the German Government. Dornier tested it on a modified Do 28Dornier Do 28
The Dornier Do 28 Skyservant is a twin-engine STOL utility aircraft, manufactured by Dornier Flugzeugbau GmbH. It served with the Luftwaffe and Marineflieger and other air forces around the world in the communications and utility role....
D-2Skyservant and with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
The Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 is one of the most popular turboprop aircraft engines in history, and is produced by Pratt & Whitney Canada. The PT6 family is particularly well known for its extremely high reliability, with MTBO's on the order of 9000 hours in some models. In US military use, they...
A-110 turboprop engines. Finally, Dornier changed the engine and tested the new aircraft, which was named Do 128 with two Garrett AiResearch TPE-331
Garrett AiResearch TPE-331
|-See also:-External links:* * *...
-5 engines. The company developed a new fuselage for the TNT and TPE 331–5 in two variants (15- and 19-passenger) and named both project-aircraft E-1 (later Do 228-100) and E-2 (later Do 228-200). At ILA '80, Dornier presented the new aircraft in public. Both the prototypes were flown on 28 March 1981 and 9 May 1981 for the first time.
After German certification
Type certificate
A Type Certificate, is awarded by aviation regulating bodies to aerospace manufacturers after it has been established that the particular design of a civil aircraft, engine, or propeller has fulfilled the regulating bodies' current prevailing airworthiness requirements for the safe conduct of...
was granted on 18 December 1981, the first Do 228 entered service in the fleet of Norving Flyservice in July 1982. British and United States certification followed on 17 April and 11 May 1984 respectively. Over the years Dornier offered the 228 in upgraded variants and with special equipment for special missions. In 1998 the production line was stopped for better development of the successor Fairchild-Dornier 328.
Do 228 NG
The Dornier 228 NG was certified by EASA on 18 August 2010. First delivery, to a Japanese customer, took place in September 2010. The main changes from the previous Dornier 228-212 model are a new 5-blade propeller made of composite material, more powerful engines, and an advanced glass cockpit featuring electronic instrument displays.Civilian operators
The major operators of the 127 Do 228 aircraft remaining in service in August 2006 include:- A Soriano AviationA Soriano AviationIsland Aviation, Inc. operating as Island Aviation , is a charter airline operating in the Philippines with Air Carrier Operating Certificate order no. 135 issued by Air Transportation Office. The airline is the general aviation arm of A...
(3) - Olympic AirlinesOlympic AirlinesOlympic Airlines was the flag carrier airline of Greece, with its head office in Athens. It operated services to 37 domestic destinations and to 32 destinations world-wide. Its main base was at Athens International Airport, with hubs at Thessaloniki International Airport, "Macedonia" and Rhodes...
(9) - AerocardalAerocardalAerocardal is an airline based in Santiago, Chile. It operates international and domestic passenger charter services, as well as medical services. Its main base is Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, Santiago.-History:...
(3) - Aero Vip (Portugal)Aero VIP (Portugal)-History:Aero Vip is a company within the aeronautical market that provides the following services:*Air Transportation *Air Work*Flight Instruction*License Revalidation*Type Rating*Aircraft Rental...
(2) - Agni AirAgni AirAgni Air Pvt. Ltd. is an airline based in Nepal which started operations in March 2006. It has its headquarters in Kathmandu.-History:Agni Air started operations on 16 March 2006 on the Lukla and Tumlingtar sectors with a Dornier 228 and started flying to Biratnagar the next day.-Destinations:The...
(3) - African Air Services Leasing (2)
- Air CaraïbesAir CaraïbesAir Caraïbes is the regional airline of the French Caribbean which comprises two overseas departments of France: Guadeloupe and Martinique. The airline is headquartered in Les Abymes in Guadeloupe. It operates scheduled and charter services serving 13 islands in the West Indies...
(2) - Airlines of TasmaniaAirlines of TasmaniaAirlines of Tasmania, also known by the name Par-Avion, is a small regional airline based in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. It operates a fleet of light aircraft on scheduled and chartered services between Launceston in Tasmania, Flinders Island and Essendon Airport in Melbourne in Victoria on the...
(1) - Air Marshall IslandsAir Marshall IslandsAir Marshall Islands is an airline based in Majuro, in the Marshall Islands. It is the flag carrier of the Marshall Islands, operating inter-island services in the South Pacific. Its main base is Marshall Islands International Airport, Majuro.- History :...
(1) - CorpFlite (2)
- Bighorn Airways Inc (4)
- Daily AirDaily AirDaily Air is an airline based in Taipei, Taiwan. It operates scheduled passenger services to offshore islands from Taiwan, as well as helicopter contract services and charters...
(4) - Divi Divi AirDivi Divi AirDivi Divi Air N.V. is a small regional service airline in the Curaçao. It was established in 2001 and is based on Curaçao in the Netherlands Antilles, with ticket offices in both Curaçao and Bonaire. In the area its nickname is "e Divi Divi"...
(1) - Dolphin AirDolphin AirDolphin Air is a charter airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It operates charter services within the Middle East and Pakistan. Its main base is Dubai International Airport.- History :...
(6) - Dornier Aviation NigeriaDornier Aviation NigeriaDornier Aviation Nigeria is an airline based in Kaduna, Nigeria. It operates Dornier aircraft in Nigeria on a charter basis, as well as running a fixed-base and maintenance operation. It also undertakes agricultural flying, aerial photography and emergency medical evacuation services...
(15) - Gorkha AirlinesGorkha AirlinesGorkha Airlines is an airline based in Kathmandu, Nepal. It operates scheduled and charter flights to domestic destinations, as well as daily mountain flights in the Himalayas. Its main base is Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu.- History :...
- Jagson AirlinesJagson AirlinesJagson Airlines is an airline based in Delhi, India. It operates scheduled and charter services within India and to Bhutan and Nepal.- History :...
(2) - Indian Airlines (2)
- Inter Island AirwaysInter Island AirwaysInter Island Airways is a South Pacific regional airline based in Pago Pago, American Samoa. Inter Island Airways operates passenger and cargo flights in and between American Samoa, Independent Samoa and to neighboring Pacific island countries...
(2) - Iran Aseman AirlinesIran Aseman AirlinesIran Aseman Airlines is an airline based in Tehran, Iran, operating scheduled domestic and regional flights within the Persian Gulf area, as well as charter and air taxi services...
(5) - KaSas Limited (Kenya) (4)
- LASSA (Chile)(1)
- Luftfahrtgesellschaft WalterLuftfahrtgesellschaft WalterLGW is a German regional airline officially known as Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter mbH . Since 2007, LGW has been owned by Air Berlin. The Dortmund based airline transported about 50,000 passengers in 2003 and the expected sales is 13 million Euro in 2004...
(6) - LufttransportLufttransportLufttransport is a Norwegian helicopter and fixed-wing airline that operates primarily air ambulance helicopters and planes for the Norwegian and Swedish governments...
(2) - Mandarin AirlinesMandarin AirlinesMandarin Airlines, Limited is an airline based in Songshan District, Taipei, Taiwan. The Republic of China-based airline is China Airlines' regional and domestic subsidiary. It also operates charter services...
(5) - Maldivian (1)
- Manx2Manx2Manx2 Limited is a virtual commuter airline, with its head office in Hangar 9, Isle of Man Airport in Ballasalla, Malew, Isle of Man. It sells flights and services from several airports in the UK with bases in Belfast City, Blackpool, Cardiff and Isle of Man...
(2) - New Central AirlinesNew Central Airlinesis an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Ryūgasaki Airfield in Ryūgasaki, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It operates domestic services and its main base is Chofu Airport, Tokyo.- Destinations :...
(3) - Sita AirSita AirSita Air is an airline based in Kathmandu, Nepal; it operates domestic flights. The airline's main base is Tribhuvan International Airport with hubs at Pokhara Airport and Nepalgunj Airport.- History :...
(3) - Solar AirSolar AirSolar Air is a low-cost airline with its head office in Bangkok, Thailand. Its base is in Don Mueang International Airport.-Destinations:This is a list of destinations that Solar Air flies to:*Thailand...
(2) - Summit AirSummit AirSummit Air Charters Limited Partnership provides executive and general passenger and cargo air charter throughout the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon.-History:Summit Air started in Atlin, British Columbia in 1987....
(7) - Vision AirlinesVision AirlinesVision Airlines, formerly Vision Air, is an airline with its operations headquartered in Suwanee, Georgia. Commercial and charter flights are offered primarily in the southeastern and central portions of the USA. Las Vegas is the farthest western city served by the airline as of April 2011...
(8) - Yeti AirlinesYeti AirlinesYeti Airlines Domestic Pvt. Ltd. is an airline based in Nepal. The airline was established in May 1998 and received its Air Operators Certificate on 17 August 1998. Yeti Airlines is the parent company of Tara Air. Together the two airlines form the largest domestic flight operator in Nepal...
(2) - Flight Link Tanzania (2)
Some 35 other airlines operate smaller numbers of the aircraft. Lufttransport
Lufttransport
Lufttransport is a Norwegian helicopter and fixed-wing airline that operates primarily air ambulance helicopters and planes for the Norwegian and Swedish governments...
(Norway) operates 2 Dornier 228's and AeroVip (Portugal) operates 2 Do 228, also SATA (Portugal) operates these aircraft.
Military operators
Bhutan:
- Royal Bhutan ArmyRoyal Bhutan ArmyThe Royal Bhutan Army , or RBA, is a branch of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Bhutan responsible for maintaining the country's territorial integrity and sovereignty against security threats. The King of Bhutan is the Supreme Commander in Chief of the RBA...
Finland:
- Finnish Border GuardFinnish Border GuardThe Finnish Border guard is the national security agency responsible for enforcing the security of Finland's borders...
Germany:
- German NavyGerman NavyThe German Navy is the navy of Germany and is part of the unified Bundeswehr .The German Navy traces its roots back to the Imperial Fleet of the revolutionary era of 1848 – 52 and more directly to the Prussian Navy, which later evolved into the Northern German Federal Navy...
India:
- Indian Air ForceIndian Air ForceThe Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict...
- Indian Coast GuardIndian Coast GuardThe Indian Coast Guard is a branch of the Indian Armed Forces. Its mission is the protection of India's maritime interests and maritime law enforcement with jurisdiction over both territorial and international waters....
- Indian NavyIndian NavyThe Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff , usually a four-star officer in the rank of Admiral, commands the Navy...
- Italian ArmyItalian ArmyThe Italian Army is the ground defence force of the Italian Armed Forces. It is all-volunteer force of active-duty personnel, numbering 108,355 in 2010. Its best-known combat vehicles are the Dardo infantry fighting vehicle, the Centauro tank destroyer and the Ariete tank, and among its aircraft...
Malawi:
- Military of MalawiMilitary of MalawiThe Armed forces of Malawi are the state military organisation responsible for defending Malawi. They originated from British colonial units formed before independence in 1964.-Army structure:...
Netherlands:
- Royal Netherlands Air ForceRoyal Netherlands Air ForceThe Royal Netherlands Air Force , Dutch Koninklijke Luchtmacht , is the military aviation branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces. Its ancestor, the Luchtvaartafdeling of the Dutch Army was founded on 1 July 1913, with four pilots...
Oman:
- Oman Police Air Wing
Accidents
- On 24 February 1985, the Polar 3Polar 3Polar 3 was a Dornier Do 228 airplane of the Alfred Wegener Institute that was shot down south of Dakhla by guerrillas of the Polisario Front over Western Sahara on 24 February 1985....
, a Dornier 228 of the Alfred Wegener InstituteAlfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchThe Alfred Wegener Institute of Polar and Marine Research is a scientific organization located in Bremerhaven, Germany. The institute was founded in 1980 and is named after revolutionary meteorologist climatologist, and geologist Alfred Wegener...
, was shot down by guerrillas of the Polisario FrontPolisario FrontThe POLISARIO, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro is a Sahrawi rebel national liberation movement working for the independence of Western Sahara from Morocco...
over West Sahara. All three crew members died. Polar 3, together with unharmed Polar 2, was on its way back from Antarctica and had taken-off from DakarDakarDakar is the capital city and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert Peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city on the African mainland...
, SenegalSenegalSenegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
, to reach ArrecifeArrecifeArrecife is a city in the Canary Islands situated in the centre-east of the island of Lanzarote of which it has been the capital since 1852. The city owes its name to the rock reef which covers the beach located in the city...
, Canary IslandsCanary IslandsThe Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...
.
- On 31 July 1993, an Everest AirEverest Air- History :Tha airline was originally formed as Nepal Air Charter Services. It was formed in 1992 and was made defunct in 1998.- Services :Everest operated scheduled flights with Dornier aircraft to Bhairawa, Bharatpur, Biratnagar, Jomsom, Jumla, Lamidanda, Pokhara, Ramechap and Rumjatar...
Dornier Do 228 crashed in the HimalayasHimalayasThe Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...
, killing all 19 people on board.
- Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238 was an air accident that killed 10 people on 6 September 1997.-Accident:Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238 took off from Brunei International Airport with 8 passengers and two pilots on a short-haul flight to Miri Airport...
crashed at Lambir Hills National ParkLambir Hills National ParkLambir Hills National Park is situated near Miri in Sarawak, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. It is a small park, composed largely of mixed dipterocarp forest. A census of all trees in a 52 hectare plot found 1175 different species...
on approach to Miri AirportMiri AirportMiri International Airport is an airport serving Miri, a city in the state of Sarawak in East Malaysia.Miri International Airport is the busiest domestic airport in the country, serving 1.5 million passengers in 2008. It is also one of the country's top three airports in terms of aircraft...
. The crash killed 10 passengers and crew and one survies on flight 238.
- TACV Flight 5002TACV Flight 5002TACV Flight 5002 was a flight operated by TACV that crashed on 7 August 1999. Due to technical difficulties, the aircraft normally serving the route from São Pedro Airport on the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde to Agostinho Neto Airport on the island of Santo Antão, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6...
crashed into a side of a mountain on Santo Antão Island, Cape VerdeCape VerdeThe Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
in rain and fog. The accident killed all 18 passengers and crew on the Dornier Do 228.
- On 4 December 2003, a Dornier 228 of Kato AirKato AirlineKato Airline was an airline based in Evenes, Norway. The airline, using the brand name Kato Air operated scheduled passenger and cargo services, as well as daily freight services for the National Mail company, northern Norway...
operating Flight 603 was struck by lightningLightningLightning is an atmospheric electrostatic discharge accompanied by thunder, which typically occurs during thunderstorms, and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or dust storms...
, causing a fracture to the control rod that operated the elevatorElevator (aircraft)Elevators are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's orientation by changing the pitch of the aircraft, and so also the angle of attack of the wing. In simplified terms, they make the aircraft nose-up or nose-down...
. The aircraft subsequently landed heavily just short of the runway at BodøBodø AirportBodø Airport is civil airport in Bodø, Norway. Located just south of the city centre, on the westernmost tip of the peninsula Bodø lies on, it shares facilities with the military air force base Bodø Main Air Station. The airport has a single concrete, runway which runs in a roughly east-west...
. Both crewmembers sustained serious injuries while both passengers sustained slight injuries. The aircraft, registered LN-HTA, was written off.
- Polar 4 was severely damaged in January 2005 during a rough landing at the British over-wintering station Rothera on the Antarctic Peninsula. As it was impossible to repair the plane, the aircraft had to be decommissioned. Since then, scientific and logistical tasks of polar flights have been performed by Polar 2.
- On September. 17 2006, an 18-seater Dornier 228 Air Force transport plane, carrying 15 senior army officers and three crew members crashed into a hillside, leaving only three surviving passengers and two crew members that sustained serious injuries. The plane with registration number NAF 033 crashed near a remote village in Benue State at about 10:30 a.m. The military officers were members of a committee setup by the government to reposition the Nigerian Army. The plane departed Abuja in the early morning hours of September 17, on its way to Obudu Cattle Ranch in Cross River State where the officers were to hold a retreat and crashed about 18 nautical miles from its destination.
- Agni Air Flight 101Agni Air Flight 101Agni Air Flight 101 was a regional flight operated by Agni Air between Kathmandu, Nepal and Lukla, Nepal that crashed on 24 August 2010, killing all 14 people on board. 20 minutes after take-off from Kathmandu, the flight crew had reported technical issues with the aircraft, and requested a return...
crashed outside of Kathmandu in heavy rain on 24 August 2010, killing all 14 people on board.
- On 23 June 2011, Tara AirTara AirTara Air Pvt.Ltd is an airline based in Nepal. It is a subsidiary of Yeti Airlines. Tara Air was formed in 2009 using aircraft from the Yeti Airlines fleet and is based at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, with secondary hubs at Surkhet and Nepalgunj airports. The airline operates...
Do 228 9N-AGQ was substantially damaged in a heavy landing and runway excursion at Simikot AirportSimikot AirportSimikot Airport is an airport serving Simikot, a town in the Humla district of the Karnali zone in Nepal. This airport has recently been surfaced.-Facilities:...
, Nepal. The aircraft was operating a cargo flight from Nepalgunj Airport.
Accident summary
- Hull-loss accidents: 23 with 123 fatalities
- Other occurrences: 1 with 3 fatalities
- Unfiled occurrences: 1 with 0 fatalities
- Hijackings: 1 with 0 fatalities
- Selection of incidents: 3 with 0 fatalities
Specifications (Do 228-212)
See also
External links
- RUAG Aerospace Deutschland
- HAL India
- Aircraft data & history by airliners.net
- Simtec GmbH Dornier 228 full-flight-simulator