Double grave accent
Encyclopedia
The double grave accent is a diacritic
used in scholarly discussions of the Serbo-Croatian
and sometimes Slovene languages. It is also used in the International Phonetic Alphabet
.
In Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian, double grave accent is used to indicate a short falling tone
, though in discussion of Slovenian, a single grave accent
is also often used for this purpose. The double grave accent is found with both the Latin
and the Cyrillic alphabet
; however, it is not used in the everyday orthography of either language, but is used only in discussions of the phonology
of these languages.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the double grave accent is used to indicate extra-low tone
.
The letters a e i o r u and their Cyrillic equivalents а е и о р у can all be found with the double grave accent. Unicode
provides precomposed character
s for the upper- and lowercase Latin letters, but not the Cyrillic ones. The Cyrillic letters can be formed using the combining character
for the double grave, which is located at U+030F. This combining character can also be used with IPA vowel symbols if necessary.
Diacritic
A diacritic is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός . Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute and grave are often called accents...
used in scholarly discussions of the Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...
and sometimes Slovene languages. It is also used in the International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
.
In Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian, double grave accent is used to indicate a short falling tone
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or inflect words. All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information, and to convey emphasis, contrast, and other such features in what is called...
, though in discussion of Slovenian, a single grave accent
Grave accent
The grave accent is a diacritical mark used in written Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch, French, Greek , Italian, Mohawk, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, Welsh, Romansh, and other languages.-Greek:The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient...
is also often used for this purpose. The double grave accent is found with both the Latin
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
and the Cyrillic alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet
The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...
; however, it is not used in the everyday orthography of either language, but is used only in discussions of the phonology
Phonology
Phonology is, broadly speaking, the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language. That is, it is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use...
of these languages.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the double grave accent is used to indicate extra-low tone
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or inflect words. All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information, and to convey emphasis, contrast, and other such features in what is called...
.
The letters a e i o r u and their Cyrillic equivalents а е и о р у can all be found with the double grave accent. Unicode
Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...
provides precomposed character
Precomposed character
A precomposed character is a Unicode entity that can be defined as a combination of two or more other characters. A precomposed character may typically represent a letter with a diacritical mark, such as é...
s for the upper- and lowercase Latin letters, but not the Cyrillic ones. The Cyrillic letters can be formed using the combining character
Combining character
In digital typography, combining characters are characters that are intended to modify other characters. The most common combining characters in the Latin script are the combining diacritical marks ....
for the double grave, which is located at U+030F. This combining character can also be used with IPA vowel symbols if necessary.
| Latin alphabet | Cyrillic alphabet | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uppercase | Unicode | Lowercase | Unicode | Uppercase | Unicode | Lowercase | Unicode |
| U+0200 | U+0201 | U+0410, U+030F | U+0430, U+030F | ||||
| U+0204 | U+0205 | U+0415, U+030F | U+0435, U+030F | ||||
| U+0208 | U+0209 | U+0418, U+030F | U+0438, U+030F | ||||
| U+020C | U+020D | U+041E, U+030F | U+043E, U+030F | ||||
| U+0210 | U+0211 | U+0420, U+030F | U+0440, U+030F | ||||
| U+0214 | U+0215 | U+0423, U+030F | U+0443, U+030F | ||||
See also
- Grave accentGrave accentThe grave accent is a diacritical mark used in written Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch, French, Greek , Italian, Mohawk, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, Welsh, Romansh, and other languages.-Greek:The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient...
- Double acute accentDouble acute accentThe double acute accent is a diacritic mark of the Latin script. It is used primarily in written Hungarian, and consequently is sometimes referred to as Hungarumlaut, a portmanteau of Hungarian umlaut...
- Inverted breveInverted breveInverted breve or arch is a diacritical mark ̑, shaped like the top half of a circle, that is, like an upside-down breve. It looks similar to the circumflex, but the circumflex has a sharp tip, whilst the inverted breve is rounded: compare  â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û with Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ ....
- IzhitsaIzhitsaIzhitsa is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. It was used to represent ypsilon in words derived from Greek, such as . It represented the same sound /i/ as the normal letter и in Russian...
, a Cyrillic letter with a form that visually resembles a double grave accent - International Phonetic AlphabetInternational Phonetic AlphabetThe International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...