Drepanidini
Encyclopedia
Drepanidini is a tribe
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...

 of bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...

s in the Hawaiian honeycreeper
Hawaiian honeycreeper
Hawaiian honeycreepers are small, passerine birds endemic to Hawaii. Some authorities still categorize this group as a family Drepanididae, but in recent years, most authorities consider them a subfamily, Drepanidinae, of Fringillidae, the finch family...

 subfamily
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

, Drepanidinae. Members of this tribe are nectarivorous
Nectarivore
In zoology, nectarivore is an animal which eats the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants. Most nectarivores are insects or birds, but there are also nectarivorous mammals, notably several species of bats in the Southwestern United States and Mexico, as well as the Australian Honey Possum...

 and have brightly-colored plumage
Plumage
Plumage refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage vary between species and subspecies and can also vary between different age classes, sexes, and season. Within species there can also be a...

. Their songs contain nasal squeaks and whistles.

Genera and species

  • Genus Ciridops
    Ciridops
    Ciridops is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper species that occurred in prehistoric and historic times on the Hawaiian islands of Hawai'i, Molokai, Kauai and Oahu. This genus was created in 1892 by Alfred Newton in an article published by the journal Nature on the basis of the...

     Newton
    Alfred Newton
    Alfred Newton FRS was an English zoologist and ornithologist.Newton was Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge University from 1866 to 1907...

    , 1892
    - finch-like, fed on fruit of
    Pritchardia
    Pritchardia
    The genus Pritchardia consists of between 24-40 species of fan palms found on tropical Pacific Ocean islands in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Tuamotus, and Hawaii. The generic name honours William Thomas Pritchard , a British consul at Fiji.-Description:These palms vary in height, ranging from...

    species
    • Ciridops anna Dole, 1879 - [[ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane|Ula ai hāwane]] (extinct
      Holocene extinction event
      The Holocene extinction refers to the extinction of species during the present Holocene epoch . The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods; a sizeable fraction of these extinctions are occurring in the...

      , 1892 or 1937)
    • Ciridops tenax Olson
      Storrs L. Olson
      Storrs Lovejoy Olson is an American biologist and ornithologist from the Smithsonian Institution. He is one of the world's foremost avian paleontologists....

       & James, 1991
      Stout-legged Finch
      Stout-legged Finch
      The Stout-legged Finch is an extinct species of finch in the Hawaiian honeycreeper subfamily, Drepanidinae. Subfossil remains have only been found on the island of Kauai and indicate that it survived up until the late Quaternary period....

       (prehistoric
      Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
      Prehistoric birds are various taxa of birds that became extinct before recorded history, or more precisely, before they could be studied alive by bird scientists...

      )
  • Genus Drepanis
    Mamo
    A mamo or hoohoo is a bird of the genus Drepanis. These nectarivorous finches were endemic to Hawaii but are now extinct.The Hawaiian name may be related to the name of the ōō , a bird with a similar appearance...

     Temminck
    Coenraad Jacob Temminck
    Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...

    , 1820
    - downcurved bills, nectarivores
    • Drepanis funerea Newton
      Alfred Newton
      Alfred Newton FRS was an English zoologist and ornithologist.Newton was Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge University from 1866 to 1907...

      , 1894
      - Black Mamo
      Black Mamo
      The Black Mamo is an extinct bird species once endemic to the island of Molokai, although there is fossil evidence of it having lived on Maui....

       (extinct
      Holocene extinction event
      The Holocene extinction refers to the extinction of species during the present Holocene epoch . The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods; a sizeable fraction of these extinctions are occurring in the...

      , 1907)
    • Drepanis pacifica Gmelin
      Johann Friedrich Gmelin
      Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...

      , 1788
      - Hawaii Mamo  (extinct
      Holocene extinction event
      The Holocene extinction refers to the extinction of species during the present Holocene epoch . The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods; a sizeable fraction of these extinctions are occurring in the...

      , 1898)
  • Genus Himatione - thin-billed nectarivore
    • Himatione sanguinea Gmelin
      Johann Friedrich Gmelin
      Johann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...

      , 1788
      - [[ʻApapane|Apapane]]
      • Himatione sanguinea freethi - Laysan Apapane (extinct
        Holocene extinction event
        The Holocene extinction refers to the extinction of species during the present Holocene epoch . The large number of extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods; a sizeable fraction of these extinctions are occurring in the...

        , 1923)
  • Genus Melamprosops Casey & Jacobi, 1974 - short pointed bill, browser
    Browsing (predation)
    Browsing is a type of herbivory in which an herbivore feeds on leaves, soft shoots, or fruits of high growing, generally woody, plants such as shrubs. This is contrasted with grazing, usually associated with animals feeding on grass or other low vegetation...

     and snail
    Snail
    Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...

     specialist
    • Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey & Jacobi, 1974 - Poouli (possibly extinct, November 28, 2004?)
  • Genus Palmeria Rothschild
    Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
    Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild FRS , a scion of the Rothschild family, was a British banker, politician, and zoologist.-Biography:...

    , 1893
    - thin-billed nectarivore, favors
    Metrosideros polymorpha
    Metrosideros polymorpha
    The ōhia lehua is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that is endemic to the six largest islands of Hawaii. It is a highly variable tree, being tall in favorable situations, and much smaller when growing in boggy soils or on basalt...

    • Palmeria dolei Wilson
      Scott Barchard Wilson
      Scott Barchard Wilson was a British ornithologist and explorer.In 1887, Wilson was sent by his professor Alfred Newton to study and collect birds in Hawaii. On his return he wrote Aves Hawaiienses with Arthur Humble Evans, illustrated by Frederick William Frohawk.-References:* Fuller, Errol :...

      , 1891
      - [[ʻAkohekohe|Ākohekohe]] (thought to be extinct, rediscovered in 1945)
  • Genus Vestiaria Jarocki, 1821 - downcurved-bill nectarivore
    • Vestiaria coccinea Forster
      Johann Reinhold Forster
      Johann Reinhold Forster was a German Lutheran pastor and naturalist of partial Scottish descent who made contributions to the early ornithology of Europe and North America...

      , 1780
      - [[ʻIʻiwi|Iiwi]]
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