Drugeth
Encyclopedia
The Drugeth was a noble family (of French origin) of the Kingdom of Hungary
in the 14-17th centuries whose possessions were situated on the north-eastern parts of the kingdom. The ancestors of the family left Apulia
(Italy) for Hungary during the reign of King Charles I
. Several members of the family held high offices in the first half of the 14th century and later, when the Drugeth estates were the largest in all of Hungary. The family continued to be important until the male line died out in 1691.
to Hungary in 1300. He took part in the king's military campaigns against his opponents and the rebelling aristocrats. He led the king's armies, in 1317, against the rebellious Peter FitzPetenye (who possessed several castles in Zemplén county) and in 1320, against Matthew Csák. He was the head (ispán) of the Counties Szepes
(1315-1327), Abaúj
(1317-1327), Gömör
and Torna
(1320-1327). Philipp was the Master of the Queen's Treasury (királynéi tárnokmester) between 1321 and 1327, when King Charles appointed him to Palatine (nádor); he hold the latter office until his death. King Charles granted him the possession of the Castles Barkó
, Jeszenő
, Lubló
, Palocsa
, Szokoly
and Terebes
.
Philip's brother, John Drugeth (?-1334) arrived from the Kingdom of Naples to Hungary before Philip's death. King Charles I appointed him to Palatine in 1328. He was also the head of the Counties Bács
(1330-1333), Fejér
, Somogy
, Tolna
, Ung and Zemplén (1328-1333) and castellan
of Óbuda
(1328). The king granted him the Nevicke Castle in 1332. In 1333, he returned to Naples.
Palatine John's elder son, William Drugeth (?-1342) was the most powerful member of the family. He followed his uncle, Philip in his offices in 1327, and became the head of the Counties Abaúj, Gömör and Szepes, (1327-1342); and he also was the ispán of the Counties Borsod
, Heves
(1327-1342) and Sáros
(1328-1342). He inherited his uncle's possessions on the north-eastern parts of the kingdom where he had the Dunajec Castle
built before 1333. Around 1330, he acquired the Castle of Szalánc
. When his father left for Naples in 1333, William became his deputy as Palatine, and followed him as the head of the Counties Ung and Zemplén (1333-1342). Following his father's death in 1334, William was appointed to Palatine. In 1340, he led the armies King Charles I sent to Poland
in order to assist King Casimir III of Poland
. In his last will, he left his possessions to his brother, Nicholas, but King Louis I of Hungary confiscated them upon the request of his mother, the Queen Dowager Elisabeth
.
Palatine John's second son, Nicholas Drugeth de Gergény (?-1355) was appointed to Master of the Cup-bearers (pohárnokmester) in 1332 and he became the head of Ugocsa
County in 1337. When his brother, William died in 1342, King Louis I not only confiscated him of the inheritance, but also removed Nicholas from his offices. However, he regained the king's favor soon who granted Barkó and Nevicke jointly to Nicholas and his brother, John from William's legacy in 1343. In the same year, Nicholas became the head of the Ung County (1343-1354). Nicholas was appointed to Judge of the Royal Court (országbíró) (and he became also the ispán of Turóc County) in 1354, and thus held the third office of the kingdom in his last year. The branch "Gerényi" of the Drugeth family ascended from him, but its male line died out already in the third generation.
Palatine John's third son, John Drugeth de Homonna (?-1361) founded the "Homonnai" branch of the family - today the town of Humenne
in Slovakia
. In 1343, he was granted the possession of Barkó and Nevicke jointly with his younger brother, Nicholas. John followed Nicholas as head of the Ung County (1354-1362).
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
in the 14-17th centuries whose possessions were situated on the north-eastern parts of the kingdom. The ancestors of the family left Apulia
Apulia
Apulia is a region in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its most southern portion, known as Salento peninsula, forms a high heel on the "boot" of Italy. The region comprises , and...
(Italy) for Hungary during the reign of King Charles I
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
. Several members of the family held high offices in the first half of the 14th century and later, when the Drugeth estates were the largest in all of Hungary. The family continued to be important until the male line died out in 1691.
Notable members of the family
The first member of the family establishing himself in the Kingdom of Hungary was Philip Druget (cca. 1288-1327) who accompanied the future King Charles I from the Kingdom of NaplesKingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
to Hungary in 1300. He took part in the king's military campaigns against his opponents and the rebelling aristocrats. He led the king's armies, in 1317, against the rebellious Peter FitzPetenye (who possessed several castles in Zemplén county) and in 1320, against Matthew Csák. He was the head (ispán) of the Counties Szepes
Szepes (county)
Szepes is the Hungarian name of the historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary officially called Scepusium before the late 19th century. It now lies in northeastern Slovakia, with a very small area in southeastern Poland...
(1315-1327), Abaúj
Abaúj
Abaúj is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. In parts of the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with Torna County to form Abaúj-Torna county. Its territory is presently in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary...
(1317-1327), Gömör
Gemer
Gemer is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with the Kishont region to form Gömör-Kishont county . Its territory is presently in southern Slovakia and northern Hungary...
and Torna
Turna
Torna is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary...
(1320-1327). Philipp was the Master of the Queen's Treasury (királynéi tárnokmester) between 1321 and 1327, when King Charles appointed him to Palatine (nádor); he hold the latter office until his death. King Charles granted him the possession of the Castles Barkó
Brekov
Brekov is a village and municipality in the Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.-Geography:The municipality lies at an altitude of 145 metres and covers an area of 9.725 km².It has a population of about 1,265 people....
, Jeszenő
Jasenov, Humenné District
Jasenov is a village and municipality in Humenné District in the Prešov Region of north-east Slovakia.-History:In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1279. Jasenov has a castle that dates from the mid 14th century, when it was owned by Phillip Drugeth...
, Lubló
Stará Lubovna
Stará Ľubovňa is a town with approximately 16,000 inhabitants in northeastern Slovakia. The town consists of the districts Podsadek and Stará Ľubovňa.-Geography:...
, Palocsa
Plavec
Plaveč is a village and municipality in Stará Ľubovňa District in the Prešov Region of northern Slovakia.-History:In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1287. The ruins of the 13th century Plaveč Castle lie above the town, after a fire in 1856. -Geography:The municipality lies at...
, Szokoly
Sokol
The Sokol movement is a youth sport movement and gymnastics organization first founded in Czech region of Austria-Hungary, Prague, in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner...
and Terebes
Trebišov
Trebišov is a small industrial town in the easternmost part of Slovakia, with a population of around 23,000. The town is an administrative, economic and cultural center with machine and building materials industries.-History:...
.
Philip's brother, John Drugeth (?-1334) arrived from the Kingdom of Naples to Hungary before Philip's death. King Charles I appointed him to Palatine in 1328. He was also the head of the Counties Bács
Bács-Bodrog
Bács-Bodrog County was the administrative county of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary from 18th century to 1918. Its territory is currently in northern Serbia and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Zombor .-Name:The county was named after two older counties: Bács and Bodrog...
(1330-1333), Fejér
Fejér (former county)
Fejér is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was slightly smaller than that of present Fejér county, is presently in central Hungary...
, Somogy
Somogy (former county)
Somogy was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was slightly larger than that of present Somogy county, is presently in south-western Hungary...
, Tolna
Tolna (former county)
Tolna was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was about the same as that of present Tolna county, is presently in central Hungary. The capital of the county was Szekszárd.-Geography:...
, Ung and Zemplén (1328-1333) and castellan
Castellan
A castellan was the governor or captain of a castle. The word stems from the Latin Castellanus, derived from castellum "castle". Also known as a constable.-Duties:...
of Óbuda
Óbuda
Óbuda was a historical city in Hungary. United with Buda and Pest in 1873 it now forms part of District III-Óbuda-Békásmegyer of Budapest. The name means Old Buda in Hungarian...
(1328). The king granted him the Nevicke Castle in 1332. In 1333, he returned to Naples.
Palatine John's elder son, William Drugeth (?-1342) was the most powerful member of the family. He followed his uncle, Philip in his offices in 1327, and became the head of the Counties Abaúj, Gömör and Szepes, (1327-1342); and he also was the ispán of the Counties Borsod
Borsod
Borsod was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc...
, Heves
Heves (former county)
Heves was the name an administrative county in the former Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is presently in northern Hungary, was slightly larger than that of present Heves county. The capital of the county was Eger.-Geography:...
(1327-1342) and Sáros
Sáros county
Sáros was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in northeastern Slovakia...
(1328-1342). He inherited his uncle's possessions on the north-eastern parts of the kingdom where he had the Dunajec Castle
Niedzica Castle
Niedzica Castle also known as Dunajec Castle , is located in the southernmost part of Poland in Niedzica . It was erected between the years 1320 and 1326 by Kokos of Brezovica on the site of an ancient stronghold surrounded by earthen walls in the Pieniny mountains...
built before 1333. Around 1330, he acquired the Castle of Szalánc
Slanec
Slanec is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.-History:In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1230 as an important fortress. In 1270 King Stephen V of Hungary gave the castle to Master Reinhold...
. When his father left for Naples in 1333, William became his deputy as Palatine, and followed him as the head of the Counties Ung and Zemplén (1333-1342). Following his father's death in 1334, William was appointed to Palatine. In 1340, he led the armies King Charles I sent to Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
in order to assist King Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III the Great , last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.-Biography:...
. In his last will, he left his possessions to his brother, Nicholas, but King Louis I of Hungary confiscated them upon the request of his mother, the Queen Dowager Elisabeth
Elisabeth of Poland
Elisabeth of Poland was Queen consort of Hungary and regent of Poland. She is also known as Elisabeth of Kujavia and Elisabeth Piast.-Early life:...
.
Palatine John's second son, Nicholas Drugeth de Gergény (?-1355) was appointed to Master of the Cup-bearers (pohárnokmester) in 1332 and he became the head of Ugocsa
Ugocsa
Ugocsa is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in north-western Romania and western Ukraine...
County in 1337. When his brother, William died in 1342, King Louis I not only confiscated him of the inheritance, but also removed Nicholas from his offices. However, he regained the king's favor soon who granted Barkó and Nevicke jointly to Nicholas and his brother, John from William's legacy in 1343. In the same year, Nicholas became the head of the Ung County (1343-1354). Nicholas was appointed to Judge of the Royal Court (országbíró) (and he became also the ispán of Turóc County) in 1354, and thus held the third office of the kingdom in his last year. The branch "Gerényi" of the Drugeth family ascended from him, but its male line died out already in the third generation.
Palatine John's third son, John Drugeth de Homonna (?-1361) founded the "Homonnai" branch of the family - today the town of Humenne
Humenné
Humenné is a town in the Prešov Region in eastern Slovakia and the second largest town of the historic Zemplín region. It lies at the volcanic Vihorlat mountains and at the confluence of the Laborec and Cirocha Rivers.-Characteristics:...
in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
. In 1343, he was granted the possession of Barkó and Nevicke jointly with his younger brother, Nicholas. John followed Nicholas as head of the Ung County (1354-1362).
Sources
General- Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig - Életrajzi Lexikon (The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days - A Biographical Encyclopedia); Magyar Könyvklub, 2000, Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
- Engel, Pál: Magyarország világi archontológiája (1301-1457); História - MTA Történettudományi Intézete, 1996, Budapest; ISBN 963-8312-43-2.
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