A Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions (DPICM) is an artillery

Artillery

Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...

 or surface-to-surface missile warhead designed to burst into sub-munitions at an optimum altitude and distance from the desired target for dense area coverage. The sub-munitions are designed for both antiarmor and antipersonnel attack. Some sub-munitions may be designed for delayed reaction or mobility denial (mines). The air-to-surface variety of this kind of munition is better known as a cluster bomb

Cluster bomb

A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller sub-munitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill enemy personnel and destroy vehicles...

. They are banned under the Convention on Cluster Munitions

Convention on Cluster Munitions

The Convention on Cluster Munitions is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer and stockpile of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions over an area. The convention was adopted on 2008 in Dublin, and was opened for signature on 2008 in Oslo...

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US DPICM projectiles

Development work for DPICM projectiles began in the late 1950s, with the first projectile, the 105 mm M444 entering service in 1961, though the submunitions were simple bounding anti-personnel grenades (ICM). Production of the M444 ended in the early 1990s.

The first true DPICM was the 155 mm M483, produced in the 1970s. By 1975 an improved version the M483A1 was being used. The projectile carried 88 M42/M46 grenade like dual purpose submunitions. The 155 mm M864 projectile entered production in 1987, and featured a base bleed that enhances the range of the projectile, although it still carries the same M42/M46 grenades. The base bleed mechanism reduces the submunition load to 72. Work was budgeted in 2003 to retrofit the M42/M46 grenades with self-destruct fuzes to reduce the problem of "dud" submunitions.

Work on 105 mm projectiles started in the late 1990s based around the M80 submunition. The results were two shells, the M915 intended for use with the M119A1 light towed howitzer, and the M916, developed for the M101

M101 howitzer

The 105 mm M2A1 howitzer was the standard light field howitzer for the United States in World War II, seeing action in both European and Pacific theaters. Entering production in 1941, it quickly entered the war against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Pacific, where it gained a reputation...

/M102

M102 howitzer

First introduced during the Vietnam War, the M102 was the light-towed 105 mm howitzer used by the United States Army in the Vietnam War, the First Gulf War, and most recently in the Iraq War.- An Air Mobile Howitzer for the Vietnam War :...

howitzers.

Projectile	M483A1	M864	M915	M916	M444
Caliber	155 mm	155 mm	105 mm	105 mm	105 mm
Service date	1975	1987	1998 (?)	1998	1961 (production ended early 1990s)
Range	? to 17 km	? to 30 km	10 km to 14 km	3 km to 11 km	? to 11.5 km
Load	64 × M42 24 × M46	48 × M42 24 × M46	42 × M80	42 × M80	18 × M39 (M444E1 used M36)
Weight projectile (fuzed)	46.5 kg	47 kg (approx)	?	?	14.97 kg
Length (fuzed)	937 mm	899 mm	?	?	371.9 mm