Dugald Drummond
Encyclopedia
Dugald Drummond was a Scottish steam locomotive
engineer. He had a career with the North British Railway
, LB&SCR, Caledonian Railway
and London and South Western Railway
. He was the brother of the engineer Peter Drummond.
He was a major locomotive designer and builder and many of his London and South Western Railway engines continued in main line service with the Southern Railway
to enter British Rail
ways service in 1947.
, Ayrshire
on 1 January 1840. His father was permananent way inspector for the Bowling Railway. Drummond was apprenticed to Forest & Barr of Glasgow
gaining further experience on the Dumbartonshire and Caledonian Railway
s. He was in charge of the boiler shop at the Canada Works, Birkenhead
of Thomas Brassey
before moving to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
's Cowlairs railway works
in 1864 under Samuel W. Johnson
.
He became foreman erector at the Lochgorm Works
, Inverness
, of the Highland Railway
under William Stroudley
and followed Stroudley to the London Brighton and South Coast Railway's Brighton Works in 1870. In 1875 he was appointed locomotive superintendent of the North British Railway
.
Drummond was involved as an expert witness
in the Tay Bridge disaster
of 1879, being called to give evidence about the state of the track after the disaster. Although Ladybank, a 0-4-2
locomotive of Drummond's design, had been booked to work the train it had broken down and was replaced by a 4-4-0
from Thomas Wheatley
, thus freeing Drummond to act as an independent witness. He said that the entire train had fallen vertically down when the High Girders collapsed, from the impact marks the wheels had made on the lines. All the axles of the train were bent in one direction. The evidence helped disprove Thomas Bouch
's theory that the train had been blown off the rails by the storm that night.
. In April 1890 he tendered his resignation to enter business, establishing the Australasian Locomotive Engine Works at Sydney
, New South Wales
, Australia
. The scheme failed rapidly and he returned to Scotland
, founding the Glasgow Railway Engineering Company. Although the business was moderately successful, Drummond accepted the post as locomotive engineer of the London and South Western Railway
in 1895, at a salary considerably less than that he had received on the Caledonian Railway
. The title of his post was changed to Chief Mechanical Engineer
in January 1905, although his duties hardly changed. He remained with the LSWR until his death.
Drummond died on 8 November 1912 aged 72 at his home at Surbiton
. A myth has developed that he died as a result of scalding received on the footplate. However C. Hamilton Ellis states that he had got cold and wet and demanded a hot mustard bath for his numb feet. He was scalded by the boiling water. He neglected the burns, gangrene
set in and amputation became necessary. He refused an anaesthetic and died of the shock. He is buried at Brookwood Cemetery
, which is adjacent to the LSWR mainline, in a family grave just a stone's throw from the former terminus of the Necropolis Railway.
Family
Drummond's daughter, Christine Sarah Louise was born in Brighton in 1871, soon after the family's arrival there from Scotland. She married James Johnson, son of Samuel Waite Johnson CME of the Midland Railway 1873-1904. Her third child, born in 1905 was named Dugald Samuel Waite Johnson after both of his grandfathers.
Drummond designed the following classes of locomotives:
Steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning some combustible material, usually coal, wood or oil, to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine...
engineer. He had a career with the North British Railway
North British Railway
The North British Railway was a Scottish railway company that was absorbed into the London and North Eastern Railway at the Grouping in 1923.-History:...
, LB&SCR, Caledonian Railway
Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century and it was absorbed almost a century later into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, in the 1923 railway grouping, by means of the Railways Act 1921...
and London and South Western Railway
London and South Western Railway
The London and South Western Railway was a railway company in England from 1838 to 1922. Its network extended from London to Plymouth via Salisbury and Exeter, with branches to Ilfracombe and Padstow and via Southampton to Bournemouth and Weymouth. It also had many routes connecting towns in...
. He was the brother of the engineer Peter Drummond.
He was a major locomotive designer and builder and many of his London and South Western Railway engines continued in main line service with the Southern Railway
Southern Railway (Great Britain)
The Southern Railway was a British railway company established in the 1923 Grouping. It linked London with the Channel ports, South West England, South coast resorts and Kent...
to enter British Rail
British Rail
British Railways , which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the "Big Four" British railway companies and lasted until the gradual privatisation of British Rail, in stages...
ways service in 1947.
Career
Drummond was born in ArdrossanArdrossan
Ardrossan is a town on the North Ayrshire coast in south-western Scotland. The name "Ardrossan" describes its physical position — 'ard' from the Gaelic àird meaning headland, 'ros' a promontory and the diminutive suffix '-an' - headland of the little promontory...
, Ayrshire
Ayrshire
Ayrshire is a registration county, and former administrative county in south-west Scotland, United Kingdom, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. Its principal towns include Ayr, Kilmarnock and Irvine. The town of Troon on the coast has hosted the British Open Golf Championship twice in the...
on 1 January 1840. His father was permananent way inspector for the Bowling Railway. Drummond was apprenticed to Forest & Barr of Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
gaining further experience on the Dumbartonshire and Caledonian Railway
Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century and it was absorbed almost a century later into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, in the 1923 railway grouping, by means of the Railways Act 1921...
s. He was in charge of the boiler shop at the Canada Works, Birkenhead
Birkenhead
Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool...
of Thomas Brassey
Thomas Brassey
Thomas Brassey was an English civil engineering contractor and manufacturer of building materials who was responsible for building much of the world's railways in the 19th century. By 1847, he had built about one-third of the railways in Britain, and by time of his death in 1870 he had built one...
before moving to the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway was a railway built to link Glasgow and Edinburgh. The Act of Parliament for building the railway received its Royal Assent in 1838 which was open on 28 July 1863. Services started between Glasgow Queen Street and Haymarket on 21 February 1842. The line was...
's Cowlairs railway works
Cowlairs railway works
Cowlairs Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon Works , at Cowlairs in Springburn, an area in the north-east of Glasgow, Scotland, was built in 1841 for the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway and was taken over by the North British Railway in 1865. It was named after the nearby mansion of Cowlairs, with both...
in 1864 under Samuel W. Johnson
Samuel W. Johnson
Samuel Waite Johnson was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Midland Railway from 1873 to 1903. He was born in Bramley, Yorkshire and educated at Leeds Grammar School.-Career:...
.
He became foreman erector at the Lochgorm Works
Inverness TMD
Inverness TMD is a railway Traction Maintenance Depot situated in Inverness, Scotland. The depot, visible from Inverness Station, is operated by First ScotRail...
, Inverness
Inverness
Inverness is a city in the Scottish Highlands. It is the administrative centre for the Highland council area, and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands of Scotland...
, of the Highland Railway
Highland Railway
The Highland Railway was one of the smaller British railways before the Railways Act 1921; it operated north of Perth railway station in Scotland and served the farthest north of Britain...
under William Stroudley
William Stroudley
William Stroudley was one of Britain's most famous steam locomotive engineers of the nineteenth century, working principally for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway...
and followed Stroudley to the London Brighton and South Coast Railway's Brighton Works in 1870. In 1875 he was appointed locomotive superintendent of the North British Railway
North British Railway
The North British Railway was a Scottish railway company that was absorbed into the London and North Eastern Railway at the Grouping in 1923.-History:...
.
Tay bridge disaster
Expert witness
An expert witness, professional witness or judicial expert is a witness, who by virtue of education, training, skill, or experience, is believed to have expertise and specialised knowledge in a particular subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially and legally...
in the Tay Bridge disaster
Tay Bridge disaster
The Tay Bridge disaster occurred on 28 December 1879, when the first Tay Rail Bridge, which crossed the Firth of Tay between Dundee and Wormit in Scotland, collapsed during a violent storm while a train was passing over it. The bridge was designed by the noted railway engineer Sir Thomas Bouch,...
of 1879, being called to give evidence about the state of the track after the disaster. Although Ladybank, a 0-4-2
0-4-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-2 represents the wheel arrangement with no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle...
locomotive of Drummond's design, had been booked to work the train it had broken down and was replaced by a 4-4-0
4-4-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles , four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles, and no trailing wheels...
from Thomas Wheatley
Thomas Wheatley
Thomas Wheatley may refer to:* Thomas Wheatley * Thomas Wheatley...
, thus freeing Drummond to act as an independent witness. He said that the entire train had fallen vertically down when the High Girders collapsed, from the impact marks the wheels had made on the lines. All the axles of the train were bent in one direction. The evidence helped disprove Thomas Bouch
Thomas Bouch
Sir Thomas Bouch was a British railway engineer in Victorian Britain.He was born in Thursby, near Carlisle, Cumberland, England and lived in Edinburgh. He helped develop the caisson and the roll-on/roll-off train ferry. He worked initially for the North British Railway and helped design parts of...
's theory that the train had been blown off the rails by the storm that night.
Further career
In 1882 he moved to the Caledonian RailwayCaledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century and it was absorbed almost a century later into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, in the 1923 railway grouping, by means of the Railways Act 1921...
. In April 1890 he tendered his resignation to enter business, establishing the Australasian Locomotive Engine Works at Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
, New South Wales
New South Wales
New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. The scheme failed rapidly and he returned to Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
, founding the Glasgow Railway Engineering Company. Although the business was moderately successful, Drummond accepted the post as locomotive engineer of the London and South Western Railway
London and South Western Railway
The London and South Western Railway was a railway company in England from 1838 to 1922. Its network extended from London to Plymouth via Salisbury and Exeter, with branches to Ilfracombe and Padstow and via Southampton to Bournemouth and Weymouth. It also had many routes connecting towns in...
in 1895, at a salary considerably less than that he had received on the Caledonian Railway
Caledonian Railway
The Caledonian Railway was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century and it was absorbed almost a century later into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, in the 1923 railway grouping, by means of the Railways Act 1921...
. The title of his post was changed to Chief Mechanical Engineer
Chief Mechanical Engineer
Chief Mechanical Engineer and Locomotive Superintendent are titles applied by British, Australian, and New Zealand railway companies to the person ultimately responsible to the board of the company for the building and maintaining of the locomotives and rolling stock...
in January 1905, although his duties hardly changed. He remained with the LSWR until his death.
Drummond died on 8 November 1912 aged 72 at his home at Surbiton
Surbiton
Surbiton, a suburban area of London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is situated next to the River Thames, with a mixture of Art-Deco courts, more recent residential blocks and grand, spacious 19th century townhouses blending into a sea of semi-detached 20th century housing estates...
. A myth has developed that he died as a result of scalding received on the footplate. However C. Hamilton Ellis states that he had got cold and wet and demanded a hot mustard bath for his numb feet. He was scalded by the boiling water. He neglected the burns, gangrene
Gangrene
Gangrene is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that arises when a considerable mass of body tissue dies . This may occur after an injury or infection, or in people suffering from any chronic health problem affecting blood circulation. The primary cause of gangrene is reduced blood...
set in and amputation became necessary. He refused an anaesthetic and died of the shock. He is buried at Brookwood Cemetery
Brookwood Cemetery
Brookwood Cemetery is a burial ground in Brookwood, Surrey, England. It is the largest cemetery in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in western Europe.-History:...
, which is adjacent to the LSWR mainline, in a family grave just a stone's throw from the former terminus of the Necropolis Railway.
Family
Drummond's daughter, Christine Sarah Louise was born in Brighton in 1871, soon after the family's arrival there from Scotland. She married James Johnson, son of Samuel Waite Johnson CME of the Midland Railway 1873-1904. Her third child, born in 1905 was named Dugald Samuel Waite Johnson after both of his grandfathers.
Locomotive designs
North British Railway
- NBR 165 class 0-6-0T, later LNER class J82
- NBR 100 class 0-6-0, later LNER class J32
- NBR 474 class 2-2-2
- NBR 476 class 4-4-0, later LNER classes D27 and D28
- NBR 157 class 0-4-2T, later 0-4-4T, later LNER class G8
- NBR 494 class 4-4-0T, later LNER class D50
- NBR 34 class 0-6-0, later LNER class J34
Caledonian Railway
- Caledonian Railway 294 Class (1883) 0-6-0, later LMS class 2F
- Caledonian Railway 66 Class 4-4-0, later LMS class 2P
- Caledonian Railway 171 Class 0-4-4T, later LMS class 1P
- Caledonian Railway 262 Class 0-4-2ST, later LMS class 0P
- Caledonian Railway 264 Class 0-4-0ST, later LMS class 0F
- Caledonian Railway 123Caledonian Railway SingleCaledonian Railway Single No. 123 is a preserved Scottish steam locomotive. The unique 4-2-2 was built by Neilson and Company in 1886, works No. 3553 as an exhibition locomotive. In 1914 it was placed on the Caledonian Railway duplicate list, and renumbered 1123...
, 4-2-2, later LMS 14010, class 1P - Caledonian Railway 385 Class 0-6-0ST, later LMS class 3F
- Caledonian Railway 80 Class 4-4-0, later LMS class 1P
- Caledonian Railway 272 Class 0-6-0ST, later LMS class 0F
London and South Western Railway
- LSWR 700 classLSWR 700 ClassThe London and South Western Railway 700 class was a class of 30 0-6-0 steam locomotive designed for freight work. The class was designed by Dugald Drummond in 1897 and built by Dübs and Company at that company's Queen's Park works at Polmadie, Glasgow....
0-6-0 known latterly as "the Black Motors" - LSWR M7 classLSWR M7 ClassThe LSWR M7 class is a class of 0-4-4 passenger tank locomotive built between 1897 and 1911. The class was designed by Dugald Drummond for use on the intensive London network of the London and South Western Railway , and performed well in such tasks. Because of their utility, 105 were built and the...
0-4-4 tank engines known as "Motor Tanks" - LSWR T7 classLSWR T7 classThe LSWR Class T7 4-2-2-0 was a prototype express steam locomotive design by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway introduced in 1897.-Background:Number 720 was a prototype locomotive built in 1897...
4-2-2-0 prototype "double single" - LSWR C8 class 4-4-0
- LSWR F9 class 4-2-4T known as "the Bug"
- LSWR T9 class 4-4-0 known as "Greyhounds"
- LSWR E10 class 4-2-2-0 "double single"
- LSWR K10 classLSWR K10 ClassThe London and South Western Railway K10 Class was a class of 40 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for mixed traffic work. They were introduced on the London and South Western Railway in 1901 and 1902 to the design of Dugald Drummond, where they earned the nickname "Small Hoppers".- Background :In...
4-4-0 known as "Small Hoppers" - LSWR K11 class railcar
- LSWR L11 classLSWR L11 ClassThe London and South Western Railway L11 class was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for mixed traffic work. They were introduced in 1903 and were nicknamed "Large Hoppers"...
4-4-0 known as "Large Hoppers" - LSWR S11 classLSWR S11 classThe LSWR Class S11 was a class of 10 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for express passenger work by Dugald Drummond. They were introduced to services on the London and South Western Railway in 1903...
4-4-0 - LSWR L12 classLSWR L12 ClassThe London and South Western Railway L12 class was a class of 20 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for express passenger work by Dugald Drummond. They were introduced to the London and South Western Railway network in 1904. Despite the class being an unremarkable continuation of the Drummond...
4-4-0 known as "Bulldogs" - LSWR H12 class railcar
- LSWR F13 classLSWR F13 classThe London and South Western Railway F13 class was a class of 4-6-0 locomotives designed by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway .- Background :...
4-6-0 - LSWR H13 class railcar
- LSWR C14 classLSWR C14 classThe London and South Western Railway C14 class was a class of ten 0-2-2 tank locomotive intended to work Push–pull train s on lightly used lines in 1907. The ‘’’S14 class’’’ was an 0-4-0 version of the same basic design. Both classes proved to be underpowered in this role and many examples were...
2-2-0 motor tank - later rebuilt as 0-4-0 - LSWR K14 classLSWR B4 ClassThe London and South Western Railway B4 class is a class of 0-4-0T dock tank.The London and South Western Railway's built twenty to a design by their Locomotive Superintendent William Adams at its Nine Elms Works during the 1891–1893 period...
0-4-0 tank engines first designed by Adams as class B4 - LSWR E14 classLSWR E14 classThe LSWR E14 Class was a class of 4-6-0 locomotive designed by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway.- Background :The indifferent feedback gained upon the release of Drummond's first 4-6-0 design, the F13 class meant that he went back to the drawing board to create a new,...
4-6-0 known as "the Turkey" - LSWR G14 classLSWR G14 classThe LSWR G14 class was a class of 4-6-0 locomotive designed by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway.- Background :The continuing need to grasp the nettle in terms of Drummond's first two 4-6-0 classes meant that he went back to the drawing board to create yet another design...
4-6-0 - LSWR P14 classLSWR P14 classThe LSWR P14 class was a class of 4-6-0 locomotive designed by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway.- Background :The continuing need to grasp the nettle in terms of Drummond's first two 4-6-0 classes meant that he went back to the drawing board to create another design...
4-6-0 - LSWR T14 classLSWR T14 classThe LSWR Class T14 was a class of ten 4-6-0 locomotives designed by Dugald Drummond for express passenger use on the London and South Western Railway and constructed at Eastleigh in 1911–12 .- Background :...
4-6-0 known as "Paddleboxes" - LSWR D15 classLSWR D15 classThe LSWR D15 class 4-4-0 was the last steam locomotive design by Dugald Drummond for the London and South Western Railway in 1912.-Background:By 1912, Dugald Drummond had built several classes of unsuccessful 4-6-0 express passenger locomotives...
4-4-0
External links
- Dugald Drummond at www.lner.info
- Dugald & Peter Drummond at www.steamindex.com