Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria
Encyclopedia
Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria (9 August 1839 – 30 November 1909) was a member of the House of Wittelsbach and a well-known ophthalmologist. He was the brother of the Empress Elisabeth of Austria
.
, the third son of Duke Maximilian in Bavaria
and of his wife, Princess Ludovika of Bavaria.
At the age of fourteen Karl-Theodor joined the Bavarian Army. In 1866 he fought in the Austro-Prussian War
. When he left active duty, he became a student at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
, where he studied philosophy, law, economics, and medicine. Among his teachers were the chemist Justus von Liebig
, the pathologist Ludwig von Buhl
, and the physicist Philipp von Jolly
.
In 1870 Karl-Theodor's studies were interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War
in which he served as a proprietary colonel of the 3rd Bavarian Light Horse. After the war he returned to his studies. In 1872 he was named an honorary Doctor of Medicine by the Ludwig Maximilians University; the following year he completed the requirements for the degree. Then he studied ophthalmology under Professor Deutschland and continued his education in Vienna
and in Zurich
.
In 1877 Karl-Theodor began practicing medicine in Mentone. He was often assisted by his wife Maria Josepha. In 1880 he opened an eye-clinic in his castle at Tegernsee
. In 1895 he founded the Augenklinik Herzog Carl Theodor (Duke Charles Theodore Eye Clinic) in Munich
; the clinic in the Nymphenburger Strasse remains one of the most respected eye clinics in Bavaria to the present day. Between 1895 and 1909 Carl Theodor personally carried out more than 5,000 cataract operations as well as treating countless other eye disorders.
Karl-Theodor received a number of honours:
Karl-Theodor died at Kreuth
in 1909. He is buried in the family crypt in Schloss Tegernsee
.
, Karl-Theodor married his first cousin Princess Sophie of Saxony
(1845–1867), daughter of King John of Saxony and his maternal aunt Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria. They had one child:
On 29 April 1874, at Kleinheubach
, Karl-Theodor married Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal
(1857–1943), daughter of exiled King Miguel I of Portugal and Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. They had five children:
Elisabeth of Bavaria
Elisabeth of Austria was the spouse of Franz Joseph I, and therefore both Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary. She also held the titles of Queen of Bohemia and Croatia, among others...
.
Life
Karl-Theodor was born at Possenhofen CastlePossenhofen Castle
Possenhofen Castle is located in the town of Possenhofen on the western shore of Lake Starnberg in Bavaria, Germany.-History:The castle was built in 1536 by Jakob Rosenbusch, was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War, then rebuilt...
, the third son of Duke Maximilian in Bavaria
Maximilian Joseph, Duke in Bavaria
Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria , known informally as Max in Bayern, was a member of a junior branch of the House of Wittelsbach and a promoter of Bavarian folk-music...
and of his wife, Princess Ludovika of Bavaria.
At the age of fourteen Karl-Theodor joined the Bavarian Army. In 1866 he fought in the Austro-Prussian War
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...
. When he left active duty, he became a student at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , commonly known as the University of Munich or LMU, is a university in Munich, Germany...
, where he studied philosophy, law, economics, and medicine. Among his teachers were the chemist Justus von Liebig
Justus von Liebig
Justus von Liebig was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the...
, the pathologist Ludwig von Buhl
Ludwig von Buhl
Ludwig von Buhl was a German pathologist born in Munich.He studied medicine in Munich and Vienna, and in 1847 was habilitated as a lecturer of pathological anatomy and microscopy at the University of Munich. In 1850 he was appointed associate professor, and in 1854 he succeeded Karl Thiersch as...
, and the physicist Philipp von Jolly
Philipp von Jolly
Johann Philipp Gustav von Jolly was a German physicist and mathematician.Born in Mannheim as the son of merchant Louis Jolly and Marie Eleonore Jolly, he studied science in Heidelberg, Vienna and Berlin. After his studies, he was appointed professor of mathematics in Heidelberg in 1839 and in...
.
In 1870 Karl-Theodor's studies were interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
in which he served as a proprietary colonel of the 3rd Bavarian Light Horse. After the war he returned to his studies. In 1872 he was named an honorary Doctor of Medicine by the Ludwig Maximilians University; the following year he completed the requirements for the degree. Then he studied ophthalmology under Professor Deutschland and continued his education in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
and in Zurich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
.
In 1877 Karl-Theodor began practicing medicine in Mentone. He was often assisted by his wife Maria Josepha. In 1880 he opened an eye-clinic in his castle at Tegernsee
Tegernsee Abbey
Tegernsee Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Tegernsee is a former Benedictine monastery in the town and district of Tegernsee in Bavaria. Both the abbey and the town that grew up around are named after the Tegernsee, the lake on the shores of which they are located...
. In 1895 he founded the Augenklinik Herzog Carl Theodor (Duke Charles Theodore Eye Clinic) in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
; the clinic in the Nymphenburger Strasse remains one of the most respected eye clinics in Bavaria to the present day. Between 1895 and 1909 Carl Theodor personally carried out more than 5,000 cataract operations as well as treating countless other eye disorders.
Karl-Theodor received a number of honours:
- honorary doctor of the University of LouvainCatholic University of LeuvenThe Catholic University of Leuven, or of Louvain, was the largest, oldest and most prominent university in Belgium. The university was founded in 1425 as the University of Leuven by John IV, Duke of Brabant and approved by a Papal bull by Pope Martin V.During France's occupation of Belgium in the...
.
- honorary colonel of the 5th Regiment of Prussian Dragoons.
- honorary member of the Academy of Medical Sciences in Brussels.
- knight of the Order of Saint Hubert.
- knight of the Order of the Golden FleeceOrder of the Golden FleeceThe Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
(1862).
- knight of the Order of the Black EagleOrder of the Black EagleThe Order of the Black Eagle was the highest order of chivalry in the Kingdom of Prussia. The order was founded on 17 January 1701 by Elector Friedrich III of Brandenburg . In his Dutch exile after WWI, deposed Emperor Wilhelm II continued to award the order to his family...
.
Karl-Theodor died at Kreuth
Kreuth
Kreuth is a municipality in the district of Miesbach in Bavaria in Germany.-Schloss Ringberg:The castle Ringberg was owned by the dukes of Bavaria and was donated to the Max Planck Society in 1973.-Wildbad Kreuth:...
in 1909. He is buried in the family crypt in Schloss Tegernsee
Tegernsee Abbey
Tegernsee Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Tegernsee is a former Benedictine monastery in the town and district of Tegernsee in Bavaria. Both the abbey and the town that grew up around are named after the Tegernsee, the lake on the shores of which they are located...
.
Marriages and family
On 11 February 1865, at DresdenDresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
, Karl-Theodor married his first cousin Princess Sophie of Saxony
Princess Sophie of Saxony
Princess Sophie Maria Friederike Auguste Leopoldine Alexandrine Ernestine Albertine Elisabeth of Saxony, Duchess of Saxony was the eighth...
(1845–1867), daughter of King John of Saxony and his maternal aunt Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria. They had one child:
- Duchess Amalie in BavariaDuchess Amalie in BavariaDuchess Amalie Maria in Bavaria was the only child of Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria and his first wife Princess Sophie of Saxony...
(1865–1912); married Wilhelm, Duke of UrachMindaugas II of LithuaniaPrince Wilhelm of Urach, Count of Württemberg, 2nd Duke of Urach was a German prince who was elected King of Lithuania with the regnal name Mindaugas II on 11 July 1918...
.
On 29 April 1874, at Kleinheubach
Kleinheubach
Kleinheubach is a market community in the Miltenberg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the like-named Verwaltungsgemeinschaft .- Location :...
, Karl-Theodor married Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal
Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal
Infanta Maria José of Portugal , sometimes known in English as Maria Josepha, was a Portuguese infanta, later Duchess in Bavaria by marriage...
(1857–1943), daughter of exiled King Miguel I of Portugal and Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. They had five children:
- Duchess Sophie in Bavaria (1875–1957); married Count Hans Veit zu Toerring-Jettenbach.
- Duchess Elisabeth in BavariaElisabeth of Bavaria (1876-1965)Elisabeth of Bavaria , was the queen consort of Albert I of Belgium and was the mother of Leopold III of Belgium and grandmother of Baudouin I of Belgium and Albert II of Belgium.-Family:Born in Possenhofen Castle, her father was Karl-Theodor, Duke in Bavaria, an ophthalmologist of...
(1876–1965); married King Albert I of BelgiumAlbert I of BelgiumAlbert I reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 until 1934.-Early life:Born Albert Léopold Clément Marie Meinrad in Brussels, he was the fifth child and second son of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and his wife, Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen...
. - Duchess Marie Gabrielle in BavariaDuchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria-Family:Her parents were Duke Karl-Theodor in Bavaria, kinsman to the Kings of Bavaria and world renowned ophthalmologist, and his second wife, Princess Maria José of Bragança, a daughter of King Miguel I, exiled monarch of Portugal...
(1878–1912), married Rupprecht, Crown Prince of BavariaRupprecht, Crown Prince of BavariaRupprecht or Rupert, Crown Prince of Bavaria was the last Bavarian Crown Prince.His full title was His Royal Highness Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria, of Franconia and in Swabia, Count Palatine of the Rhine...
. - Duke Ludwig Wilhelm in BavariaDuke Ludwig Wilhelm in BavariaDuke Ludwig Wilhelm Karl Norbert Theodor Johann in Bavaria was a Bavarian noble.- Life :...
(1884–1968) - Duke Franz Joseph in Bavaria (1888–1912)