from 659 or 660 to 621 BC in China
. One of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, he greatly expanded the territory of Qin during the reign of King Xiang of Zhou
.
He acquired many talented advisors, such as Baili Xi
, Jian Shu (蹇叔), Pi Bao (丕豹), and Gong Sun (公孫).
He was the son of Duke De and the younger brother of Duke Cheng. He married the daughter of Duke Xian of Jin
(晉獻公), and married his daughter, Huaiying (懷嬴), to Duke Wen of Jin
. He helped his son-in-law win the Battle of Chengpu
(城濮之戰) against Chu
; these two marriages led to the saying 'the Friendship of Qin and Jin' (秦晉之好) to denote political marriages and alliances based on marital bonds. His posthumous name
Mu means "reverent".
He had at least two sons respectively named Ying and Hong. Ying succeeded him as Duke Kang of Qin. He also had several known daughters: Huai Ying (wife of Duke Huai of Jin, later wife of Duke Wen of Jin
), Wen Ying (wife of Duke Wen of Jin
), Qin Ying (wife of King Gong of Chu), Jianbi and Nongyu (wife of Xiao Shi). Some argue that Jianbi and Nongyu were the same person, while there are also doubts whether Huai Ying and Wen Ying were the same person.
At this time Qin and Jin were the most powerful states in China. Duke Wen of Jin expelled the Di
DiDi may refer to:* The diminutive form of the name Diana, Diane and Dianne. Dai is the Welsh diminutive form of the name David.*Diana, Princess of Wales.*Di , an ancient ethnic group in China....
barbarians and drove them into the region west of the Yellow RiverYellow RiverThe Yellow River or Huang He, formerly known as the Hwang Ho, is the second-longest river in China and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of . Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into...
between the Yun and Luo rivers; there they were known as the Red Di and the White Di. Shortly afterwards, Duke Mu of Qin, having obtained the services of You Yu, succeeded in getting the eight barbarian tribes of the west to submit to their authority.
Thus at this time there lived in the region west of LongGansu' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
the Mianzhu, the Hunrong, and the Diyuan tribes. North of Mts. Qi and Liang and the Jing and Qi rivers lived the Yiqu, Dali, Wuzhi, and Quyuan tribes. North of Jin were the Forest Barbarians and the Loufan, while north of Yan lived the Eastern BarbariansDonghuDonghu was the name of a Mongolic nomadic tribal confederation that was first recorded from the 7th century BCE and was destroyed by the Xiongnu in 150 BCE. Donghu was later divided into the Wuhuan and Xianbei Confederations, from which the Mongols are derived...
and Mountain Barbarians. All of them were scattered about in their own little valleys, each with their own chieftains. From time to time they would have gatherings of a hundred or so men, but no one tribe was capable of unifying the others under a single rule.
Family
- Great-great-grandfather: Duke Wen of Qin (秦文公)
- Great-grandfather: Duke Jin of Qin (秦靜公)
- Grandfather: Duke Xian of Qin (秦憲公)
- Father: Duke De of Qin
- Brother: Duke Xuan of Qin, Duke Cheng of Qin
- Son: Duke Kang of Qin