Duke of Aveiro
Encyclopedia
Nobility
Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...
Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
title
Title
A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may even be inserted between a first and last name...
, granted in 1535 by King John III of Portugal
John III of Portugal
John III , nicknamed o Piedoso , was the fifteenth King of Portugal and the Algarves. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile...
to his 4th cousin, John of Lencastre
John of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Aveiro
Dom João de Lencastre, or John of Lencastre , was the older son of Infante George, Duke of Coimbra and of his wife Dona Beatriz of Vilhena....
, son of Infante George of Lencastre
George, Duke of Coimbra
Jorge de Lencastre was a Portuguese Prince, illegitimate son of King John II of Portugal and Ana de Mendonça, a maid of Joanna la Beltraneja. He became the second Duke of Coimbra in 1509...
, a natural son of King John II of Portugal
John II of Portugal
John II , the Perfect Prince , was the thirteenth king of Portugal and the Algarves...
.
John of Lencastre was already Marquis of Torres Novas
Marquis of Torres Novas
The title Marquis of Torres Novas was created by royal decree, dated from March 27, 1520, by King Manuel I of Portugal, to Dom John of Lencastre , eldest son of Infante George, Duke of Coimbra....
when the King granted him the new title of Duke of Aveiro. Later, their descendents gave a strong support to Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
during the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis. Therefore, the Dukes became the second aristocratic House in Portugal, after the Braganzas
House of Braganza
The Most Serene House of Braganza , an important Portuguese noble family, ruled the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial Empire, from 1640 to 1910...
.
Raimundo of Lencastre, 4th Duke of Aveiro
Raimundo of Lencastre, 4th Duke of Aveiro
Dom Raimundo of Lencastre was the older son of George of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Torres Novas, and grandson of Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Dukes of Aveiro....
maintained his House's traditional support for the Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
monarchy, even after the 1640 national revolution in Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. Therefore the Aveiro property was confiscated by the new Kings of the Braganza Dynasty
House of Braganza
The Most Serene House of Braganza , an important Portuguese noble family, ruled the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial Empire, from 1640 to 1910...
, and granted in 1668 to his uncle, Peter of Lencastre
Peter of Lencastre, 5th Duke of Aveiro
Dom Pedro de Lencastre, or Peter of Lencastre , was the youngest son of Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Dukes of Aveiro....
, who already was Archbishop of Évora and general Inquisitor
Inquisitor
An inquisitor was an official in an Inquisition, an organisation or program intended to eliminate heresy and other things frowned on by the Roman Catholic Church...
, becoming 5th Duke of Aveiro. He died in 1673 without issue.
The succession was given to his niece, Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre
Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre, 6th Duchess of Aveiro
Dona Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre y Cárdenas Manrique was a noblewoman around the turn of the eighteenth century.-Biography:Born in Azeitão in 1630, she was the daughter of George of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Torres Novas and of Ana Maria de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, daughter of the Spanish 3rd...
, who was married to the Spanish Duke of Los Arcos. She returned to Portugal with her younger son, while her husband and her older son stayed in Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. She regained the control of her House and estates and recognised the Braganzas
House of Braganza
The Most Serene House of Braganza , an important Portuguese noble family, ruled the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial Empire, from 1640 to 1910...
royalty.
Due to the participation of the 8th Duke of Aveiro in the Távora affair
Távora affair
The Távora affair was a political scandal of the 18th century Portuguese court. The events triggered by the attempted murder of King Joseph I of Portugal in 1758 ended with the public execution of the entire Távora family and its closest relatives in 1759...
(a conspiracy against the King), all the possessions of the Dukes of Aveiro were confiscated, their coat-of-arms destroyed from the public places, their houses demolished and their lands salted
Salting the earth
Salting the earth, or sowing with salt, is the ritual of spreading salt on conquered cities to symbolize a curse on its re-inhabitation. It originated as a practice in the ancient Near East and became a well-established folkloric motif in the Middle Ages.-Destroying cities:The custom of purifying...
.
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, demolished and salted, gave place to a stone memorial in order to perpetuate the memory of the shame of the Aveiro House. In it the following text can be read (in Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
): Aqui foram arrasadas e salgadas as casas de José Mascarenhas, exautorado das honras de Duque de Aveiro e outras condemnado por sentença proferida na Suprema Juncta de Inconfidencia em 12 de Janeiro de 1759. Justiçado como um dos chefes do barbaro e execrando desacato que na noite de 3 de Septembro de 1758 se havia commetido contra a real e sagrada pessoa de D.José I. Neste terreno infame se não poderá edificar em tempo algum. ("In this place were put to the ground and salted the houses of José Mascarenhas, stripped of the honours of Duque de Aveiro and others, convicted by sentence proclaimed in the Supreme Court of Inconfidences on the 12th of January 1759. Put to Justice as one of the leaders of the most barbarous and execrable upheaval that, on the night of the 3rd of September 1758, was committed against the most royal and sacred person of the Lord Joseph I. In this infamous land nothing may be built for all time.")
After 1759 the title was extinct. However, in 1939, Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza was a claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1920 until his death.-Birth:...
, authorized the use of the personal title of Duke of Aveiro to Caetano Henriques Pereira Faria Saldanha de Lancastre, Count of Alcáçovas, who did not use the prerogative. Still, there are some family relatives of José de Mascarenhas da Silva e Lencastre in the city of Aveiro and in Alcaçovas.
List of the dukes of Aveiro
- John of Lencastre, 1st Duke of AveiroJohn of Lencastre, 1st Duke of AveiroDom João de Lencastre, or John of Lencastre , was the older son of Infante George, Duke of Coimbra and of his wife Dona Beatriz of Vilhena....
(1501-1571), son of Infante George, Duke of CoimbraGeorge, Duke of CoimbraJorge de Lencastre was a Portuguese Prince, illegitimate son of King John II of Portugal and Ana de Mendonça, a maid of Joanna la Beltraneja. He became the second Duke of Coimbra in 1509...
(therefore grandson of King John II of PortugalJohn II of PortugalJohn II , the Perfect Prince , was the thirteenth king of Portugal and the Algarves...
); - George of Lencastre, 2nd Duke of AveiroGeorge of Lencastre, 2nd Duke of AveiroDom Jorge de Lencastre, or George of Lencastre , was the older son of John of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Aveiro and of his wife Juliana de Lara, daughter of the 3rd Marquis of Vila Real....
(1548-1578, in Alcazarquivir), son of the previous duke; - Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of AveiroÁlvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of AveiroÁlvaro of Lencastre was the son of Afonso of Lencastre, second son of infante George of Lencastre, 2nd Duke of Coimbra.- Disputed Inheritance :...
(1540-1626), together with his wife and cousin Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Duchess of Aveiro (1560-1636), daughter of the previous duke; - Raimundo of Lencastre, 4th Duke of AveiroRaimundo of Lencastre, 4th Duke of AveiroDom Raimundo of Lencastre was the older son of George of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Torres Novas, and grandson of Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Dukes of Aveiro....
(1620-1666), grandson of the previous dukes; - Peter of Lencastre, 5th Duke of AveiroPeter of Lencastre, 5th Duke of AveiroDom Pedro de Lencastre, or Peter of Lencastre , was the youngest son of Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Dukes of Aveiro....
(1608-1673), son of Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Dukes of Aveiro. Archbishop of ÉvoraÉvoraÉvora is a municipality in Portugal. It has total area of with a population of 55,619 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Évora District and capital of the Alentejo region. The municipality is composed of 19 civil parishes, and is located in Évora District....
, died without issue; - Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre, 6th Duchess of AveiroMaria de Guadalupe of Lencastre, 6th Duchess of AveiroDona Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre y Cárdenas Manrique was a noblewoman around the turn of the eighteenth century.-Biography:Born in Azeitão in 1630, she was the daughter of George of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Torres Novas and of Ana Maria de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, daughter of the Spanish 3rd...
(1630-1715), sister of Raimundo of Lencastre, married the Spanish Manuel Ponce de León, Duke of Arcos; - Gabriel of Lencastre, 7th Duke of AveiroGabriel of Lencastre, 7th Duke of AveiroHis full name was Gabriel de Lencastre Ponce de León Manrique de Lara Cádenas Girón y Aragon , known as Dom Gabriel of Lencastre....
(1667-1745), son of the previous duchess, died without issue. - José de Mascarenhas da Silva e Lencastre, 8th Duke of Aveiro (1708-1759), collateral line, descending from Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre through female line. He was executed by the Marquis of Pombal under orders of King Joseph I of Portugal, due to his participation in the Távora affairTávora affairThe Távora affair was a political scandal of the 18th century Portuguese court. The events triggered by the attempted murder of King Joseph I of Portugal in 1758 ended with the public execution of the entire Távora family and its closest relatives in 1759...
, a conspiracy against the king.
The Dukes of Aveyro (Spanish title)
When Peter of Lencastre, 5th Duke of AveiroPeter of Lencastre, 5th Duke of Aveiro
Dom Pedro de Lencastre, or Peter of Lencastre , was the youngest son of Álvaro and Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Dukes of Aveiro....
died in 1673, his niece Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre
Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre, 6th Duchess of Aveiro
Dona Maria de Guadalupe of Lencastre y Cárdenas Manrique was a noblewoman around the turn of the eighteenth century.-Biography:Born in Azeitão in 1630, she was the daughter of George of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Torres Novas and of Ana Maria de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, daughter of the Spanish 3rd...
was finally recognised by the Portuguese King as Duchess of Aveiro in 1679, on condition that she return to Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
although she was married to the Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
Duke of Los Arcos. Her husband opposed this; she divorced him, returned to her homeland and regained the House of Aveiro and their estates.
While the divorce was pending, King Carlos II of Spain tried to prevent her return to Portugal by granting her, in 1681, the Spanish title of Duchess of Aveyro (Spanish spelling). This title belongs today to the Spanish Carvajal family and was never recognised in Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
.
Family name
The family nameFamily name
A family name is a type of surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs. The use of family names is widespread in cultures around the world...
associated with the Dukes of Aveiro is Lencastre or Lancastre, referring to King John I
John I of Portugal
John I KG , called the Good or of Happy Memory, more rarely and outside Portugal the Bastard, was the tenth King of Portugal and the Algarve and the first to use the title Lord of Ceuta...
's wife Philippa of Lancaster
Philippa of Lancaster
Philippa of Lancaster, LG was a Queen consort of Portugal. Born into the royal family of England, her marriage with King John I secured the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and produced several famous children who became known as the "Illustrious Generation" in Portugal...
, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster , KG was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault...
and founder of the House of Lancaster
House of Lancaster
The House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century...
.
Genealogical summary
John IJohn I of Portugal
John I KG , called the Good or of Happy Memory, more rarely and outside Portugal the Bastard, was the tenth King of Portugal and the Algarve and the first to use the title Lord of Ceuta...
<------------->Philippa of Lencastre
Philippa of Lancaster
Philippa of Lancaster, LG was a Queen consort of Portugal. Born into the royal family of England, her marriage with King John I secured the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and produced several famous children who became known as the "Illustrious Generation" in Portugal...
(1357-1433) | (1360-1415)
King of Portugal | Princess of England
|
Duarte I
(1391-1438)
King of Portugal
______________|______________
| |
Afonso V
Afonso V of Portugal
Afonso V KG , called the African , was the twelfth King of Portugal and the Algarves. His sobriquet refers to his conquests in Northern Africa.-Early life:...
Infante Fernando
(1432-1481) (1433-1470)
King of Portugal 1st.Duke of Beja
| 2nd.Duke of Viseu
| ________|________
| | |
Ana de MendonçaJohn II
John II of Portugal
John II , the Perfect Prince , was the thirteenth king of Portugal and the Algarves...
<------->Leonor of Viseu
Leonor of Viseu
Eleanor of Viseu was a Portuguese infanta and later queen consort of Portugal.To distinguish her from other infantas of the same name, she is commonly known as Eleanor of Viseu or Eleanor of Lancaster Eleanor of Viseu (2 May 1458–17 November 1525; ) was a Portuguese infanta (princess) and...
Manuel I
Manuel I of Portugal
Manuel I , the Fortunate , 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, , by his wife, Infanta Beatrice of Portugal...
: (1455-1495) | (1458-1525) (1469-1521)
: King of Portugal | King of Portugal
: | |
: | |
George of Lencastre
George, Duke of Coimbra
Jorge de Lencastre was a Portuguese Prince, illegitimate son of King John II of Portugal and Ana de Mendonça, a maid of Joanna la Beltraneja. He became the second Duke of Coimbra in 1509...
Afonso |
(1481-1550) (1475-1491) |
2nd.Duke of Coimbra Crown Prince |
| |
| |
JOHN of LENCASTRE
John of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Aveiro
Dom João de Lencastre, or John of Lencastre , was the older son of Infante George, Duke of Coimbra and of his wife Dona Beatriz of Vilhena....
Royal House of Portugal
(1501-1571)
1st.Marquis of Torres Novas
1st.Duke of Aveiro
|
|
Dukes of Aveiro
External links
- Genealogical information on the Dukes of Aveiro (in Portuguese)
- http://www.azeitao.net/quintas/palacio.htmThe Dukes of Aveiro Palace, in AzeitãoAzeitãoAzeitão is a region near Setúbal composed by a cluster of small "aldeias" or small villages, some of those are: Vila Fresca de Azeitão, Vila Nogueira de Azeitão,Brejos de Azeitão, Aldeia de Irmãos, Vendas de Azeitão....
(in Portuguese)]