Durak is a card game

Card game

A card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific. Countless card games exist, including families of related games...

 that is popular throughout most of the post-Soviet states

Post-Soviet states

The post-Soviet states, also commonly known as the Former Soviet Union or former Soviet republics, are the 15 independent states that split off from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its dissolution in December 1991...

.
The object of the game is to get rid of all one's cards. At the end of the game, the last player with cards in their hand is referred to as the fool (durak).

Set up

The game is typically played with a deck of 36 cards (numerical cards 2 through 5 are removed from a standard 52 card deck prior to play) and is played with two to six people. The deck is shuffled, and each player receives six cards. The top card on the remaining deck is made visible and placed at the bottom of the deck at a 90 degree angle (so that its denomination and suit are visible). This determines the trump suit, however the revealed card is actually a part of the deck, the last card to be drawn. The player with the lowest trump is the first attacker. A deck of 36 cards limits the number of players to six, although some variants allow more than one deck to be used. A six-player game with one deck is not optimal, however, because it gives a considerable advantage to the player who attacks first, and a considerable disadvantage to the player who defends first. If multiple games have been played, often the loser of the previous game shuffles and deals.

After receiving their six cards, if a player has all red-suited cards or all black suited-cards, or five cards of the same suit, the game is abandoned and the cards are reshuffled.

Gameplay

The starting player is the first attacker. The player to the attacker's left is always the defender. After each turn play proceeds clockwise. If the attack succeeds (see below), the defender loses his or her turn and the attack passes to the player on the defender's left. If the attack fails, the defender becomes the next attacker.

Attack

The attacker opens the turn by playing one card face up on the table as an attacking card. The player to the attacker's left is the defender.

In the basic podkidnoy (подкидной, "throw-in") variant, and in most other variants of durak, the defender has to immediately attempt defense in response to the initial attack. In the perevodnoy (переводной, "passing") variant, the defender may choose to either attempt defense or to pass the attack on clockwise around the table. In this case, the defender may only pass on the attack if he has in his or her hand a card of the same rank (number) as the attacking card(s). To pass on the attack, he adds this card to the attacking card(s)*. The defender now becomes the new attacker, and the player to his or her left becomes the new defender and must beat all cards. If the person on the player's left (the new defender) has fewer cards in his/her hand than will be on a table after "passing", "passing" is not allowed. The new defender must then decide upon a response for this new attack. In games involving four or fewer players, it is perfectly possible for the attack to pass all the way around the table, so that the original attacker ends up defending against his or her own attack (and against three other attacks of the same rank).

Aces are high. Trumps always beat non-trump cards regardless of rank (e.g., a trump 6 beats a non-trump ace).

* One variation of passing allows a defender who holds the trump of the same rank to simply show the card to pass the attack on and become the new attacker. The holder of the trump card of the same rank may play it at any time during the attack. If playing with fewer than 4 players, it is possible for the attack to be passed all the way around and come back to the holder of the trump card of the same rank as the initial attack. However, using the trump to pass the attack is only allowed once and may not be shown or played in order to pass the attack away from them a second time in a single turn. *

Defense

The defender attempts to beat the attacking cards by playing defending cards from their hand. One card is played in defense of each attacking card. Non-trump attacking cards may be beaten by either a) a higher card of the same suit or b) a trump. Trump attacking cards may only be beaten by higher trumps. The defending cards are placed on top of the attacking cards so that players can keep track of which card is defending against which.

At any point during a defense, the attacker or any third party can pitch in extra attacking cards, provided that for each new attacking card, there is already a card of the same rank on the table (either defending or attacking), and the total number of attacking cards does not exceed six, five if there have been no successful defenses, or the number of cards in the defender's hand, whichever is less. The defender must also defend against these new cards.

If the defender is unwilling or unable to beat all attacking cards, he must pick up all the cards on the table—including all the cards the attackers pitched in—and incorporate them into his or her hand. At this point, the defense is abandoned. The defender may choose to abandon the defense at any point during the turn. This immediately ends the turn. The failed defender loses her or his turn to attack; hence the player to the defender's left attacks next.

If, however, the defender has beaten all attacking cards, and no other players are willing or able to add more, the defender has triumphed. The turn ends, all cards on the table are discarded from play to a discard pile, and play passes to the left: the successful defender opens the next turn as the new attacker.

End of turn

At the end of each turn, whether or not the defense was successful, the following action is performed: starting from the main attacker, followed by anyone else who contributed cards, and culminating with the defender, each player with fewer than six cards in their hand must draw cards from the deck until they have six cards in their hand. When the deck runs out of cards, play simply carries on without any more cards being drawn. At this point, when someone runs out of cards, they are done with the game, and everyone else continues. Each player draws as many cards as they need (e.g. if there are six cards left in the deck and the attacker has just spent their entire hand, they draw the entire deck and no one else draws any cards). The order in which this is done is strategically important since the last card in the deck is by definition a trump.

No players may examine the discard pile at any point.

Winning and losing

There are different types of the game, in one type there are no winners, only one loser, in another winner - the first man, who leaves the game, without cards in his hands. The last person with cards left in their hand is the loser (the fool or "durak"). That person is the dealer for the next game, and the person to the left of the fool is the first attacker of the next game.

Team play

With four (2 vs. 2) or six players (2 vs. 2 vs. 2 or 3 vs. 3), it is possible to play in teams. The members of each team sit opposite one another (with two players on each team), or alternating (with three). The members of each team do not put down cards for their teammate to defend, but focus on piling up on the other team(s) instead.

"Fool with Epaulettes"

If the very last card played by an attacker is a "6" (the lowest denomination in the deck for Durak) and the defender loses the defender is cheerfully pronounced "durak s pogonom" (дурак с погоном, a fool with an epaulette

Epaulette

Epaulette is a type of ornamental shoulder piece or decoration used as insignia of rank by armed forces and other organizations.Epaulettes are fastened to the shoulder by a shoulder strap or "passant", a small strap parallel to the shoulder seam, and the button near the collar, or by laces on the...

), and the "6" may be slapped onto the shoulder of the loser. This ending is even more insulting than simply declaring the loser "durak" ("fool"), because often the winner essentially makes himself handicap

Handicapping

Handicapping, in sport and games, is the practice of assigning advantage through scoring compensation or other advantage given to different contestants to equalize the chances of winning. The word also applies to the various methods by which the advantage is calculated...

ped by keeping a low-value "6" card through the final part of the game, thus demonstrating her or his higher skill. If the attacker plays two "6"es, this means an even more cheerful occasion of "epaulettes on both shoulders".

In fact, there is a version of the game when the "epaulettes" ending are an actual score point. If someone has got a "6" as an epaulette, the next time he is supposed to get a "7" as an epaulette for the opponents to score, and so on until an ace card is landed onto someone's shoulder. This version may be played one against one, or two against two as teams.

Varieties of the game

• Passing (Transfer) durak

Person can pass card to other person by putting near this card another one, that has the same rank, whether or not next player is able to beat the cards or is forced to place them in his/her deck, he/she takes the cards he/she needs first and you go on the next turn, but if person starts to defend himself, he can't pass any cards, he must continue defend.
For instance, West can transfer seven of clubs to North by putting near it another seven (for example seven of hearts, but North can transfer these sevens to East by putting another seven). Also you can play "passing" and "travel document" mode simultaneously (see "travel document").

• Crazy durak

Diamonds are always trump suit and spades can be beaten only by spades (see "spades by spades").

• Without trumps

Game takes place without any trumps

• Spades by spades

Spades are special suit: they can be beaten only by spades (even trump can't beat spades, but spades can't beat trump too), and in addition - spades can't be trump suit.

• Albanian durak

Player can also play by card, that is situated on the top of the deck.

• Changeable trump

Another card (this card isn't visible) is situated under the visible trump , when one of the players puts visible trump, that invisible card is opened and since that time trump suit changes to new.

• Request

Before the start of a game, you can request to play the "perevodnoy durak" ("durak with transfers", "passing" durak) variant.

• Travel document

You can also request to play with "Flash". The idea is similar to "perevodnoy". However, instead of placing a card down besides your opponent's and sending it along the circle, you can simply "Flash" your card with the same value instead of setting it down (this is called "Travel document"), if yours is a trump. You can only do this move once with the same card throughout the game: the second time the card must be placed into the play.

• Arrangement

There is also a "Pairs" variation of the game, which can be played with four players. In this version, teammates sit across each other, and the game goes normally. The difference is that player cannot add to an attack on his/her partner. If a one of those players finishes, he is called winner, and the game is keeping on still loser won't appear, but since time, when first player leaves the game, teams are canceled. And game is going on according to usual (or nor usual, if you play with any more modes) rules.

• Railway durak

At the beginning of the game the whole of deck is distributed between all players, except one card - it's a trump.

• Poker durak

Players can change any two cards in their deck for any two cards in main deck before their turn. Each player can do this only 3 times in the game.

• Full durak

The game can also be played with all 52 cards, with the lowest cards being twos. Red Joker beats any red card, black - any black card.

External links

• The collection of games in the Durak (Russian)
• Rules Durak (German)
• Varieties and rules (Russian)