Dutch Patriot Revolt, 1787
Encyclopedia
The Dutch Patriot Revolt was part of a series of revolutionary actions that took place from 1787 through 1789 in the Dutch Republic
, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium), Poland, and France.
. The government sponsored banks owned up to 40% of Great Britain's national debt. This concentration of wealth (and the connections the government had to the House of Stuart
) led to the formation of the Dutch Patriots by a minor Dutch noble named Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol
. They were seeking to reduce the amount of power held by the Stadtholder
, William V, Prince of Orange
.
which they named the "Free Corps". The Corps began military action against several cities in an effort to force new elections which would oust the old government officials. They eventually became strong enough to challenge government troops. They continued to progress until Frederick William II of Prussia
(whose sister was married to Prince William) decided to intervene militarily. This, together with a small contingent of troops sent by the British, overwhelmed the Patriots and put Prince William firmly in control. The Free Corps continued urging citizens to resist the government by distributing pamphlets, creating "Patriot Clubs" and holding public demonstration
s. The government responded by pillaging those towns where the opposition was concentrated. Most of the Patriots were forced to flee to the United States.
Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic — officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands , the Republic of the United Netherlands, or the Republic of the Seven United Provinces — was a republic in Europe existing from 1581 to 1795, preceding the Batavian Republic and ultimately...
, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium), Poland, and France.
Background
During this time, the banks of the Dutch Republic held much of the world's capitalCapital (economics)
In economics, capital, capital goods, or real capital refers to already-produced durable goods used in production of goods or services. The capital goods are not significantly consumed, though they may depreciate in the production process...
. The government sponsored banks owned up to 40% of Great Britain's national debt. This concentration of wealth (and the connections the government had to the House of Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
) led to the formation of the Dutch Patriots by a minor Dutch noble named Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol
Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol
Joan Derk, Baron van der Capellen tot den Pol was a Dutch nobleman who played a prominent role in the formation of the Batavian Republic and the revolutionary events that preceded its formation...
. They were seeking to reduce the amount of power held by the Stadtholder
Stadtholder
A Stadtholder A Stadtholder A Stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder [], "steward" or "lieutenant", literally place holder, holding someones place, possibly a calque of German Statthalter, French lieutenant, or Middle Latin locum tenens...
, William V, Prince of Orange
William V, Prince of Orange
William V , Prince of Orange-Nassau was the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, and between 1795 and 1806 he led the Government of the Dutch Republic in Exile in London. He was succeeded by his son William I...
.
Events
The Patriots built support from most of the middle-class, and formed a militiaMilitia
The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary citizens to provide defense, emergency law enforcement, or paramilitary service, in times of emergency without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. It is a polyseme with...
which they named the "Free Corps". The Corps began military action against several cities in an effort to force new elections which would oust the old government officials. They eventually became strong enough to challenge government troops. They continued to progress until Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
(whose sister was married to Prince William) decided to intervene militarily. This, together with a small contingent of troops sent by the British, overwhelmed the Patriots and put Prince William firmly in control. The Free Corps continued urging citizens to resist the government by distributing pamphlets, creating "Patriot Clubs" and holding public demonstration
Demonstration (people)
A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.Actions such as...
s. The government responded by pillaging those towns where the opposition was concentrated. Most of the Patriots were forced to flee to the United States.