Dz (digraph)
Encyclopedia
Dz is a digraph
of the Latin alphabet
, used in Polish
, Kashubian
, Macedonian
, Slovak
, and Hungarian
to represent d͡z. In Dene Suline
(Chipewyan) and Cantonese Pinyin it represents t͡s.
(kind, type)
Compare dz followed by i:
(child)
(girl, girlfriend)
digraph
Dz, like in Polish
and Hungarian
represents a single phoneme. It is the Macedonian transliteration from the Cyrillic character "S"
(not actually based on the Latin letter S
). It is used as an extra grapheme: the only sound and letter in the Macedonian alphabet to not have an equivalent in the alphabets of Serbo-Croatian
, which Macedonian adopted as part of its codification in the 1940s.
The letter appears ninth in order between Đ
and E
in the Macedonian Latinic format.
of the Slovak alphabet
. Example words with this phoneme include:
The digraph may never be divided by hyphenation:
However, when d and z come from different morpheme
s, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:
In both cases od- (from) and nad- (above) are a prefix
to the stems zem (earth) and zvuk (sound).
. It is pronounced (using English
pronunciation with letter romanization
) "dzay" in the alphabet, but just "dz" when spoken in a word. Using the IPA phoneme, it can be written as /dz/
.
In some other ones, short, e.g.
In several verbs ending in -dzik (approx. 50), it can be pronounced either short or long, e.g.
These are verbs where the dz can be replaced by z (and is replaced by some speakers): csókolózik, lopózik, takarózik.
In some of these verbs, there is no free variation: birkózik, mérkőzik (only with z) but leledzik, nyáladzik (only with dz, pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: levelez(ik) (correspond with sb.) but leveledzik (to leaf [like a tree]).
It is only doubled in writing when an assimilated
suffix is added to the stem: eddze, lopóddzon.
and Slovak
languages. In Hungarian, even if these two characters are put together to make a different sound, they are considered one letter, and even acronyms keep the letter intact.
Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used to write one phoneme or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined...
of the Latin alphabet
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...
, used in Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
, Kashubian
Kashubian language
Kashubian or Cassubian is one of the Lechitic languages, a subgroup of the Slavic languages....
, Macedonian
Macedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
, Slovak
Slovak language
Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...
, and Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
to represent d͡z. In Dene Suline
Dene Suline language
Dene Suline or Chipewyan is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of central Canada. It is a part of the Athabaskan family...
(Chipewyan) and Cantonese Pinyin it represents t͡s.
In Polish
dz generally represents d͡z. However, when followed by i it is palatalized to d͡ʑ.Examples of dz
(bell)(kind, type)
Compare dz followed by i:
(child)
(girl, girlfriend)
In Macedonian
The MacedonianMacedonian alphabet
The orthography of Macedonian includes an alphabet , which is an adaptation of the Cyrillic script, as well as language-specific conventions of spelling and punctuation....
digraph
Digraph
Digraph may refer to:* Digraph , a pair of characters used together to represent a single sound, such as "sh" in English* Typographical ligature, the joining of two letters as a single glyph, such as "æ"...
Dz, like in Polish
Polish alphabet
The Polish alphabet is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography . It is based on the Latin alphabet, but includes certain letters with diacritics: the line or kreska, which is graphically similar to an acute accent ; the overdot or kropka ; the tail or...
and Hungarian
Hungarian alphabet
The Hungarian alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Hungarian language.One sometimes speaks of the smaller and greater Hungarian alphabets, depending on whether or not the letters Q, W, X, Y are listed, which can only be found in foreign words and traditional...
represents a single phoneme. It is the Macedonian transliteration from the Cyrillic character "S"
Dze
Dze is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent the voiced alveolar affricate , pronounced like ⟨ds⟩ in "pods"....
(not actually based on the Latin letter S
S
S is the nineteenth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.-History: Semitic Šîn represented a voiceless postalveolar fricative . Greek did not have this sound, so the Greek sigma came to represent...
). It is used as an extra grapheme: the only sound and letter in the Macedonian alphabet to not have an equivalent in the alphabets of Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...
, which Macedonian adopted as part of its codification in the 1940s.
The letter appears ninth in order between Đ
Gje
Gje is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It is used in Macedonian to represent the voiced palatal plosive or the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate , similar to the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in "jet"....
and E
E
E is the fifth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is the most commonly used letter in the Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish languages.-History:...
in the Macedonian Latinic format.
In Slovak
In Slovak, the digraph dz is the ninth letterLetter (alphabet)
A letter is a grapheme in an alphabetic system of writing, such as the Greek alphabet and its descendants. Letters compose phonemes and each phoneme represents a phone in the spoken form of the language....
of the Slovak alphabet
Slovak alphabet
The Slovak alphabet uses a modification of the Latin alphabet. The modifications include the four diacriticals placed above certain letters. Therefore the Slovak alphabet has 46 graphemes.- Vowels :- Consonants :Notes...
. Example words with this phoneme include:
- medzi = between, among
- hrádza = dam, dike
The digraph may never be divided by hyphenation:
- medzi → me-dzi
- hrádza → hrá-dza
However, when d and z come from different morpheme
Morpheme
In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest semantically meaningful unit in a language. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word,...
s, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:
- odzemok = type of folk dance → od-ze-mok
- nadzvukový = supersonic → nad-zvu-ko-vý
In both cases od- (from) and nad- (above) are a prefix
Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the root of a word. Particularly in the study of languages,a prefix is also called a preformative, because it alters the form of the words to which it is affixed.Examples of prefixes:...
to the stems zem (earth) and zvuk (sound).
In Hungarian
Dz is the seventh letter of the Hungarian alphabetHungarian alphabet
The Hungarian alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Hungarian language.One sometimes speaks of the smaller and greater Hungarian alphabets, depending on whether or not the letters Q, W, X, Y are listed, which can only be found in foreign words and traditional...
. It is pronounced (using English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
pronunciation with letter romanization
Romanization
In linguistics, romanization or latinization is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman script, or a system for doing so, where the original word or language uses a different writing system . Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written...
) "dzay" in the alphabet, but just "dz" when spoken in a word. Using the IPA phoneme, it can be written as /dz/
Voiced alveolar affricate
The voiced alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨⟩ or ⟨⟩ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA representation is ⟨dz⟩.-Features:...
.
Length
In several words, it is pronounced long, e.g.- bodza, madzag, edz, pedz
In some other ones, short, e.g.
- brindza, ódzkodik, dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij
In several verbs ending in -dzik (approx. 50), it can be pronounced either short or long, e.g.
- csókolódzik, lopódzik, takaródzik
These are verbs where the dz can be replaced by z (and is replaced by some speakers): csókolózik, lopózik, takarózik.
In some of these verbs, there is no free variation: birkózik, mérkőzik (only with z) but leledzik, nyáladzik (only with dz, pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: levelez(ik) (correspond with sb.) but leveledzik (to leaf [like a tree]).
It is only doubled in writing when an assimilated
Assimilation (linguistics)
Assimilation is a common phonological process by which the sound of the ending of one word blends into the sound of the beginning of the following word. This occurs when the parts of the mouth and vocal cords start to form the beginning sounds of the next word before the last sound has been...
suffix is added to the stem: eddze, lopóddzon.
Usage
Usage of this letter is similar to that of PolishPolish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
and Slovak
Slovak language
Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...
languages. In Hungarian, even if these two characters are put together to make a different sound, they are considered one letter, and even acronyms keep the letter intact.
Examples
- These examples are Hungarian words that use the letter dz, with the English translation following.
- bodza = elderberry
- edzés = (physical) training
- edző = coach
- nyáladzik = salivate
See also
- Polish orthographyPolish orthographyPolish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language. The language is written using the Polish alphabet, which derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics...
- Slovak languageSlovak languageSlovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...
- Hungarian alphabetHungarian alphabetThe Hungarian alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Hungarian language.One sometimes speaks of the smaller and greater Hungarian alphabets, depending on whether or not the letters Q, W, X, Y are listed, which can only be found in foreign words and traditional...