ETR 460
Encyclopedia
The ETR 460 is a tilting
EMU
built by FIAT Ferroviaria
(now Alstom
Ferroviaria) beginning from 1993, also known as Pendolino
.
ETR 460 was an improved development of ETR 450
, a Pendolino EMU developed in the 1970s, being characterized by improved layout, electrical and electronic systems, and a better comfort. Maximum speed was the same, 250 kilometre per hour. ETR 460 spawned two similar types of Pendolinos: ETR 470
and ETR 480
. The main difference between them is that the 460 run only on 3 kV DC, the 470 on 3 kV DC and 15 kV AC, the 480 on 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (used on new high-speed railways in Italy). Three sets were modified to be capable to run also under 1,5 kV DC for use on Turin
-Lyon
services, but have been all reconverted to the ETR 460 standard. All ETR 460 are planned to be converted to the ETR 480 standard, sharing the new denomination ETR 485. The English Br 390, the Slovenian series 310, the Portuguese Alfa Pendular
, the Finnish Sm3
and the Spanish Alaris
series were all derived from ETR 460.
This trainset designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro
is used by Trenitalia
(Italian major railway company) for the Eurostar Italia
service on several routes all over the country.
The trainset has the ability of tilt by an 8° max angle when taking the corner to reduce the effect of the centrifugal force on the passengers. The passengers feel themselves comfortable even if the train fully takes advantage of the characteristics of the track thanks to the lightness of the construction (only 13.5 t (13.3 LT) / axle).
The use of this train does not demand particular modifications to the railroad but it is expensive in terms of maintenance of the rolling stock because of the complexity of the tilting system.
The hydraulic tilting system it is governed from two gyroscopes that are in the head cars. The curve is found on the base of the elevation of the external track.
ETR 460 are provided with 12 three-phase asynchronous motors (compared to the 16 in the ETR 450) placed n all cars, in order to improve capability in dealing with corners. Motors are controlled through inverters and GTO
, with a total power of some 6 MW. Electric braking is of rheostatic type, with the possibility of energy recovering at some speeds; mechanical braking system uses disc brake
s, commanded by an electro-pneumatic system called Wabcontrol.
ETR 460s can carry up to 480 passengers. Configuration includes two head coaches, 5 passenger coach, a bar coach and a restaurant coach.
Tilting train
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide about or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest due to...
EMU
Multiple unit
The term multiple unit or MU is used to describe a self-propelled carriages capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still being controlled from one driving cab. The term is commonly used to denote passenger trainsets consisting of more than one carriage...
built by FIAT Ferroviaria
Fiat Ferroviaria
thumb|300px|[[FS Class E626]] locomotive, a mainstay of Italian railways starting from the 1930s.Fiat Ferroviaria was the rail division of FIAT of Italy....
(now Alstom
Alstom
Alstom is a large multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and transport markets. According to the company website, in the years 2010-2011 Alstom had annual sales of over €20.9 billion, and employed more than 85,000 people in 70 countries. Alstom's headquarters are...
Ferroviaria) beginning from 1993, also known as Pendolino
Pendolino
Pendolino is an Italian family of tilting trains used in Italy, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Russian Federation, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Slovakia, Switzerland, China and shortly in Romania and Poland...
.
ETR 460 was an improved development of ETR 450
ETR 450
ETR 450 was the first series Italian tilting train .The Pendolino project was started in the 1970s by FIAT Ferroviaria, but also absorbed technology from tilting train experiments from elsewhere, most notably the British Advanced Passenger Trains, FIAT having bought the patents...
, a Pendolino EMU developed in the 1970s, being characterized by improved layout, electrical and electronic systems, and a better comfort. Maximum speed was the same, 250 kilometre per hour. ETR 460 spawned two similar types of Pendolinos: ETR 470
ETR 470
ETR 470 is an Italian high-speed tilting Electric Multiple Unit introduced in 1993 and produced in 9 units for the ItaloSwiss firm Cisalpino. They were produced by Fiat Ferroviaria ....
and ETR 480
ETR 480
The ETR 480 is a tilting Electric Multiple Unit built by FIAT Ferroviaria since 1993, It is also known as Pendolino. It was developed from the first new-generation Pendolino, the ETR 460...
. The main difference between them is that the 460 run only on 3 kV DC, the 470 on 3 kV DC and 15 kV AC, the 480 on 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (used on new high-speed railways in Italy). Three sets were modified to be capable to run also under 1,5 kV DC for use on Turin
Turin
Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
-Lyon
Lyon
Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais....
services, but have been all reconverted to the ETR 460 standard. All ETR 460 are planned to be converted to the ETR 480 standard, sharing the new denomination ETR 485. The English Br 390, the Slovenian series 310, the Portuguese Alfa Pendular
Alfa Pendular
Alfa Pendular is the name of the Pendolino high-speed tilting train of Portuguese state railway company CP. It connects the cities of Braga, Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Albufeira and Faro, among others at speeds of up to ....
, the Finnish Sm3
VR Class Sm3
The Sm3 Pendolino is a class of high-speed body-tilting trains operated by VR Group. It is a member of the Pendolino train family; its design is based on the ETR 460. The first two trainsets were assembled in Finland by Rautaruukki-Transtech in the mid-1990s...
and the Spanish Alaris
Alaris
Alaris is the brand name of the regional rail network run by the Spanish national rail company RENFE that connects the major cities of Madrid and Valencia, and Barcelona and the main cities of the Valencian community...
series were all derived from ETR 460.
This trainset designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro
Giorgetto Giugiaro
Giorgetto Giugiaro is an Italian automobile designer responsible equally for a stable of supercars and several of the most popular everyday vehicles driven today...
is used by Trenitalia
Trenitalia
Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, itself owned by the Italian Government. It was created in 2000 following the EU directive on the deregulation of rail transport.-Passenger transport:...
(Italian major railway company) for the Eurostar Italia
Eurostar Italia
Eurostar Italia is a network of Italian high-speed inter-city trains, operated by Trenitalia . Trenitalia states that there are 130 train journeys per day....
service on several routes all over the country.
The trainset has the ability of tilt by an 8° max angle when taking the corner to reduce the effect of the centrifugal force on the passengers. The passengers feel themselves comfortable even if the train fully takes advantage of the characteristics of the track thanks to the lightness of the construction (only 13.5 t (13.3 LT) / axle).
The use of this train does not demand particular modifications to the railroad but it is expensive in terms of maintenance of the rolling stock because of the complexity of the tilting system.
The hydraulic tilting system it is governed from two gyroscopes that are in the head cars. The curve is found on the base of the elevation of the external track.
ETR 460 are provided with 12 three-phase asynchronous motors (compared to the 16 in the ETR 450) placed n all cars, in order to improve capability in dealing with corners. Motors are controlled through inverters and GTO
Gate turn-off thyristor
A gate turn-off thyristor is a special type of thyristor, a high-power semiconductor device. GTOs, as opposed to normal thyristors, are fully controllable switches which can be turned on and off by their third lead, the GATE lead.-Device description:...
, with a total power of some 6 MW. Electric braking is of rheostatic type, with the possibility of energy recovering at some speeds; mechanical braking system uses disc brake
Disc brake
The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel while it is in motion.A brake disc is usually made of cast iron, but may in some cases be made of composites such as reinforced carbon–carbon or ceramic matrix composites. This is connected to the wheel and/or...
s, commanded by an electro-pneumatic system called Wabcontrol.
ETR 460s can carry up to 480 passengers. Configuration includes two head coaches, 5 passenger coach, a bar coach and a restaurant coach.
See also
- ElettroTrenoElettroTrenoETR is a series of Italian high-speed trains.-Tilting EMU trains:*ETR 401*ETR 450*ETR 460*ETR 470*ETR 480*ETR 600 These models are often referred as Pendolino....
- Eurostar ItaliaEurostar ItaliaEurostar Italia is a network of Italian high-speed inter-city trains, operated by Trenitalia . Trenitalia states that there are 130 train journeys per day....
- New PendolinoNew PendolinoThe New Pendolino is a class of high-speed tilting trains built by Alstom Ferroviaria for Trenitalia and the swiss Railway SBB CFF FFS, known as the ETR 600 and ETR 610, respectively...
- Rete Ferroviaria ItalianaRete Ferroviaria ItalianaRete Ferroviaria Italiana is an Italian company fully owned by Ferrovie dello Stato . RFI is the owner of Italy's railway network, it sets train paths, provides signalling, provides maintenance and other services for the railway network...
- Treno Alta VelocitàTreno Alta VelocitàTreno Alta Velocità SpA is special purpose entity owned by RFI for the planning and construction of a high-speed network in Italy.-Purpose:...